Class 11 History Important Chapter 2 Writing and City Life

Class 11 History Important Chapter 2 Writing and City Life Solutions English Medium As Per AHSEC New Syllabus to each chapter is provided in the list so that you can easily browse through different chapters ASSEB Class 11 History Important Solutions and select need one. AHSEC Class 11 Elective History Additional Notes English Medium Download PDF. HS 1st Year History Important Solutions in English.

Class 11 History Important Chapter 2 Writing and City Life

Also, you can read the NCERT book online in these sections Solutions by Expert Teachers as per Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) Book guidelines. ASSEB Class 11 Elective History Additional Question Answer are part of All Subject Solutions. Here we have given HS 1st Year Elective History Important Notes in English for All Chapters, You can practice these here.

Writing and City Life

Chapter: 2

IMPORTANT QUESTION AND ANSWER

Short Question and Answer:

1. What is the meaning of the word Mesopotamia?

Ans: The word Mesopotamia means “the land between rivers,” referring to the region between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers.

2. Why is the Mesopotamian civilization famous?

Ans: The Mesopotamian civilization is famous for its writing system, literature, mathematics, astronomy, and developed cities.

3. Where were the cities of southern Mesopotamia established?

Ans: The cities of southern Mesopotamia were generally built around temples.

4. What is Cuneiform?

Ans: Cuneiform is the Mesopotamian script based on wedge-shaped symbols.

5. What was the importance of writing in Mesopotamia?

Ans: Writing helped in trade, law, division of time, and land management.

6. When did excavation activities begin in the Mesopotamian region?

Ans: Archaeological excavation began in Mesopotamia during the 1840s.

7. What goods did the people of Mesopotamian cities import?

Ans: They imported items like metals, wood, and wine to the cities via rivers.

8. What was the main feature of urban life?

Ans: The main features of urban life were division of labor and dependence on trade.

9. What role did temples play in Mesopotamian society?

Ans: Temples were the center of society; they functioned religiously, politically, and economically.

10. What is the significance of the Epic of Gilgamesh?

Ans: The Epic of Gilgamesh reflects the glory of Mesopotamian city civilization and trade.

Long Answer Type Questions:

1. Write about the significance of urban life in Mesopotamia.

Ans: Cities were not merely densely populated areas. When economic development extended beyond food production, people began to gather in cities. The urban economy included trade, manufacturing, and employment alongside agriculture. City dwellers were not self-sufficient; they relied on goods from other towns or villages. For example, a seal-cutter needed bronze tools, which he could not make himself. He might not even know where to get the colored stones used for seals. His specialization lay in carving, not in trade.

Similarly, a bronze toolmaker did not need to travel far to find copper or tin. He required coal regularly for fuel. Thus, division of labor was a key feature of urban life in Mesopotamia.

2. What was the role of Mesopotamia’s geography, and how did agriculture develop?

Ans: Iraq has diverse natural environments. In the northeast, undulating green plains merge with wooded mountain ranges with rivers and streams. These areas receive sufficient rainfall for agriculture. Farming began here between 7000–6000 BCE. In the northern steppes, animal rearing was easier than agriculture. After winter rains, shrubs and grasses grew, ideal for sheep and goats.

The tributaries of the Tigris connected to the Iranian mountains, aiding travel. In the south, deserts allowed the first cities and writing to emerge. The Euphrates and Tigris brought fertile silt from mountains. Irrigation was naturally managed through small canals.

During floods, these canals would overflow, irrigating the surrounding lands. Water could be directed to fields of wheat, barley, peas, or lentils. Among all ancient systems, southern Mesopotamia had the highest production.