SEBA Class 10 Health Care Important Chapter 4 Prevention and Control Infection in Home Setting Solutions English Medium As Per New Syllabus. to each chapter is provided in the list so that you can easily browse through different chapters SEBA Class 10 Health Care Important Chapter 4 Prevention and Control Infection in Home Setting Notes and select need one. Class 10 Health Care Additional Question Answers Download PDF. SEBA Class 10 Elective Health Care Important Solutions.
SEBA Class 10 Health Care Important Chapter 4 Prevention and Control Infection in Home Setting
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Prevention and Control Infection in Home Setting
Chapter: 4
| IMPORTANT SOLUTIONS |
A. Short Type Question & Answer:
1. What is concurrent disinfection?
Ans: Concurrent disinfection means the immediate disinfection of all contaminated articles and bodily discharge during the course of the disease.
2. What is terminal disinfection?
Ans: Terminal disinfection is the disinfection of the client’s unit with all the articles used on discharge, transfer, or death of a client who had been suffering from an infectious disease.
3. What are the common agents used for fumigation in a hospital?
Ans: The commonly used agents for fumigation are sulphur and formalin.
4. Why should boiling water not be used to clean general rubber goods?
Ans: Boiling water ruins rubber, and rubber goods should never be dried by artificial heat or by contact with a radiator or stove.
5. What is the best method for sterilizing rubber gloves?
Ans: Steam under pressure is the best method of sterilizing gloves, but the pressure must be kept to a minimum to prevent the gloves from melting.
6. How should sharp instruments like knives and scissors be sterilized?
Ans: Sharp instruments such as knives and scissors are sterilized in a hot air sterilizer by exposing them to a temperature of 160°C for 1 hour. They may also be disinfected by completely immersing them in pure Dettol or other non-corrosive disinfectants when appropriate.
7. What is cross infection?
Ans: Cross infection is the infection transmitted between individuals infected with different pathogenic organisms, usually occurring in hospitals when a client gets infected with a disease other than the one they were admitted for.
8. What is the difference between medical asepsis and surgical asepsis?
Ans: In medical asepsis, a “clean technique” is used to prevent pathogenic organisms from entering the body, whereas in surgical asepsis, a “sterile technique” is used to completely eliminate both pathogenic and non-pathogenic microorganisms.
9. How long should hand washing be done for surgical asepsis?
Ans: In surgical asepsis, hands should be thoroughly scrubbed for 3 to 5 minutes before the procedure.
10. How long can a face mask be worn continuously?
Ans: A mask should not be worn for more than 1 to 2 hours at a time, and masks that become wet are less effective and should be discarded.
B. Fill in the Blanks:
1. Microbiology is broadly described as the study of bacteria, fungi, protozoa, viruses, and ________.
Ans: Helminths.
2. Concurrent disinfection means the immediate disinfection of all contaminated articles and bodily discharge during the course of the ________.
Ans: Disease.
3. The commonly used agents for fumigation are sulphur and ________.
Ans: Formalin.
4. In medical asepsis, a clean technique is used, but in surgical asepsis a ________ technique is used.
Ans: Sterile.
5. A mask should not be worn for more than 1 to ________ hours at a time.
Ans: 2.
C. True or False:
1. Steam under pressure is the best method for sterilizing rubber gloves.
Ans: True.
2. Rubber goods should be dried rapidly by placing them in contact with a radiator or stove.
Ans: False.
3. In medical asepsis, all practices are directed to the prevention of pathogenic organisms entering into the body.
Ans: True.
4. A neglected wet mop used for cleaning hospital floors will grow pseudomonas on it.
Ans: True.
5. Strong chemicals and bleaching agents should be the first method tried when removing simple stains from hospital linen.
Ans: False.
D. Match the Following:
| Column A | Column B |
| (i) Microbiology | (a) Disease-causing microorganism |
| (ii) Pathogen | (b) Person at greater risk of infection |
| (iii) Reservoir | (c) Study of microorganisms |
| (iv) Susceptible Host | (d) Place where microorganisms live |
| (v) Portal of Entry | (e) Route through which microorganisms enter the body |
Ans:
| Column A | Column B |
| (i) Microbiology | (c) Study of microorganisms |
| (ii) Pathogen | (a) Disease-causing microorganism |
| (iii) Reservoir | (d) Place where microorganisms live |
| (iv) Susceptible Host | (b) Person at greater risk of infection |
| (v) Portal of Entry | (e) Route through which microorganisms enter the body |
E. Long Type Question & Answer:
1. Explain the cycle of infection and the different means of transmission.
Ans: The cycle of infection describes the processes leading to patients acquiring infections within healthcare settings, and all precautions taken are based on the interruption of this cycle. The means of transmission include bloodborne (sexual transmission, injury, or inoculation), airborne (inhalation of small particles suspended in the air), droplet (close contact through sneezing or coughing), contact (direct transfer via hands or indirect via fomites), common vehicle (through food, water, drugs), and vectorborne (via mosquitoes, ticks, and cockroaches).
2. What are the steps for the care and cleaning of rubber gloves?
Ans: First, the wearer should wash the gloves on their hands just before removing them to prevent the adherence of blood and organic materials. After removal, they are washed with soap and cold water on the outside, then inverted to repeat the process on the inside. They must be rinsed well and checked for holes by submerging them in water while filled with air. They are hung to dry, turned inside out to dry the other side, powdered inside and outside, and packed in pairs of the same size. Finally, steam under pressure is used to sterilize them.
3. Describe the process of fumigation with sulphur.
Ans: Prior to fumigation, the doors, windows, and all crevices in the room must be closed. The room should be filled with steam by boiling a kettle of water, as sulphur fumes act better on a damp surface. Sulphur is placed in an earthenware dish standing in a large oven containing water, and a little methylated spirit is poured over the sulphur to ensure it burns completely. The fire is lit to the sulphur, the door is closed, and the room is opened after 24 hours. All articles should be kept open for thorough penetration by the fumes.
4. What are the guidelines for preventing spoiling and wastage of linen in a hospital?
Ans: To avoid spoiling and wastage, the linen cupboard should be kept in perfect order, with items stocked separately, labelled, and locked when not in use. Stocks must be checked regularly, torn linen should be sent for mending rather than used, and soiled linen should never be placed on the floor. Damp linen must be dried immediately to prevent it from becoming mildewed, and stains from urine or motion should be rinsed with cold water first. Linen from an infectious client must be disinfected before being sent to the laundry, and the use of mackintoshes can further economize linen usage.
5. What are the general instructions for removing stains from hospital linen?
Ans: When removing stains, the simplest method should be tried first, and colored materials should always be tested on a small part first. Stains containing protein (like blood, excreta, or pus) are coagulated by heat, so they should be soaked in cold water first, whereas hot water and soap are used for fatty materials. Medicine stains can be treated with water or methylated spirit. Strong bleaching agents like lemon juice, hydrogen peroxide, and bleaching powder should only be used as a last resort, as they are destructive to the linen and can discolor the material.
6. How should syringes and needles be cared for to prolong their life?
Ans: Syringes should be rinsed immediately after use to prevent the pistons from sticking to the barrels. If stuck, they can be boiled in a 25% aqueous solution of glycerine for 10 minutes or soaked in a weak nitric acid solution. Barrels and pistons of the same size should be kept together during cleaning. Reusable glass syringes are best sterilized by hot air. Needles require meticulous attention: cold water is forced through the needle followed by detergent, then washed with warm water and examined for hooks using a magnifying glass. Needles are sterilized by boiling for 10–20 minutes, dry heat, or autoclaving, as chemical disinfection is unsatisfactory for the fine bore of a needle.
7. Explain the steps to correctly open a sterile wrapped package.
Ans: To open a sterile wrapped package, first wash hands thoroughly and choose a large, clean working area above waist level. Place the package so it can be opened away from the body. The flap farthest away is opened first without reaching over the sterile field, followed by the side flaps. The flap nearest to the worker is opened last, and one must stand well back from the package to avoid contamination from their uniform. Care must be taken not to touch the inside of the wrapper, and if an inner wrapper is present, it is opened using sterile forceps.
8. Explain the proper technique for gowning in a surgical setting.
Ans: Before gowning, you must put on the head cap and mask, scrub your hands thoroughly, and dry them with a sterile towel. Pick up the gown by grasping the folded neck and stand about a foot back from the sterile bundle and table. Unfold it by keeping it away from the body without shaking it. Hold the inside shoulder seams and alternately put each hand into the armholes, extending the arms upward at shoulder height. The circulating staff will then assist by pulling the sleeves from behind and holding the gown from the inside to fasten the neck and waist ties at the back.
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