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SEBA Class 10 Health Care Important Chapter 2 Drug Administration and Physiotherapy
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Drug Administration and Physiotherapy
Chapter: 2
| Assessment |
Answer the Following Questions:
1. Enlist the different forms of medication.
Ans: The different forms of medicine include:
(i) Liquid: The active part of the medicine is combined with a liquid to make it easier to take or better absorb.
(ii) Tablet: The active ingredient is pressed into a solid round or oval shape.
(iii) Capsules: Medication enclosed in an outer shell.
(iv) Topical medicines: Medication applied to a specific area on or in the body.
(v) Suppositories: Solid medication that enters the body through the rectum, vagina, or urethra.
(vi) Drops: Liquid medication administered into the eyes, ears, or nose.
(vii) Inhalers: Devices that deliver medicine directly into a person’s lungs.
(viii) Injections: Liquid administered into the body using a needle and a syringe.
2. What are the rights of medication administration?
Ans: When assisting with medication administration, you should follow the “7 Rights,” which are: Right Medication, Right Child, Right Dose, Right Time, Right Route, Right Reason, and Right Documentation. To minimize medication errors, the document also emphasizes checking the “five rights”: the right patient, the right drug, the right dose, the right route, and the right time.
3. What is body mechanics?
Ans: Body mechanics refers to the ways we move and hold our bodies as we go about our daily lives, such as when we sit, stand, lift, carry, bend, and sleep. Proper body mechanics help individuals avoid muscle fatigue and injuries while walking, bending over, lifting objects, or performing other daily activities.
4. What are the basic principles of body mechanics?
Ans: The core principles and techniques for proper body mechanics involve making smooth, coordinated movements rather than jerky ones.
Key guidelines include:
(i) Lifting: Use your stronger leg muscles, bend at the knees and hips to squat, keep your back straight, and lift straight upward in one smooth motion.
(ii) Reaching: Stand directly in front of the object, avoid twisting or overstretching, use a stool for high objects, and maintain good balance with a firm base of support.
(iii) Pivoting: Place one foot slightly ahead of the other and turn both feet simultaneously, pivoting on the heel of one foot and the toe of the other.
(iv) General Tasks: Keep tasks close to your body and at a comfortable height, use your arm and leg muscles instead of your back, and remember that pulling, pushing, or rolling an object is easier than lifting it.
5. Explain the reasons for the use of proper body mechanics.
Ans: Proper body mechanics are essential to avoid:
(i) Excessive fatigue.
(ii) Muscle strains or tears.
(iii) Skeletal injuries.
(iv) Injury to the patient.
(v) Injury to assisting staff members.
6. Explain physiotherapy.
Ans: Physiotherapy is a dynamic profession that uses a range of treatment techniques to restore movement and function within the body. The main goal is to optimize a person’s range of motion and function while reducing pain and preventing the injury from recurring. It involves treating diseases, injuries, or deformities using physical methods like massage, heat treatment, and exercise, rather than relying on drugs or surgery.
7. What are the basic principles of physiotherapy?
Ans: The primary principles of physiotherapy treatments are to:
(i) Decrease pain and facilitate the healing of inflamed and injured tissues.
(ii) Maintain a normal range of motion in affected joints.
(iii) Prevent soft tissue contracture and fibrosis in weak or paralyzed limbs.
(iv) Prevent further disuse atrophy of affected muscles during the healing process.
(v) Improve the strength and function of weak or paralyzed limbs.
(vi) Maximize post-surgical recovery and patient function.
(vii) Provide positive psychological effects for the patient.
| IMPORTANT SOLUTIONS |
A. Short Type Question & Answer:
1. What is the definition of drug administration?
Ans: Drug administration is the process of giving out medication to patients in order to treat or prevent diseases or complications.
2. What do the medical abbreviations ‘OD’ and ‘BID’ stand for?
Ans: In a medication chart, ‘OD’ stands for once daily, and ‘BID’ stands for twice daily.
3. Name any three signs of a drug allergy.
Ans: Common signs of a drug allergy include skin rash, hives, itching, fever, swelling, shortness of breath, wheezing, and a runny nose.
4. What is the purpose of antiemetics?
Ans: Antiemetics are a group of drugs that are effective against vomiting and nausea.
5. Why is it important to use enteric-coated tablets?
Ans: Enteric-coated tablets help protect the active pharmaceutical ingredients from the destructive influence of gastric acid following oral administration.
6. What is a holistic approach in physiotherapy?
Ans: A holistic approach utilizes traditional methods of injury recovery and combines them with other techniques such as chiropractic care, massage, nutrition, and a structured fitness routine.
7. List three common side effects of taking antidepressants.
Ans: Common side effects of antidepressants include feeling agitated or shaky, indigestion and stomach aches, and dizziness.
8. What is the ‘Fowler’s position’ and when is it typically used?
Ans: Fowler’s position, also known as the sitting position, is typically used for neurosurgery and shoulder surgeries.
9. How should you dispose of medicine safely in your household trash?
Ans: You should mix medicines (do not crush tablets or capsules) with an unpalatable substance such as kitty litter or used coffee grounds, place the mixture in a sealed plastic bag, and throw it in the household trash.
10. What is the primary benefit of pursed-lip breathing?
Ans: Pursed-lip breathing is one of the simplest ways to control shortness of breath.
B. Fill in the Blanks:
1. ______________ is the process of giving out medication to the patients in order to treat or prevent disease or complication.
Ans: Drug administration.
2. Analgesics, also called ______________, are the medications that relieve different types of pain.
Ans: Painkillers.
3. In a medication chart, the standard abbreviation ‘OD’ stands for ______________.
Ans: Once daily.
4.______________ position, also known as the sitting position, is typically used for neurosurgery and shoulder surgeries.
Ans: Fowler’s.
5. Physiotherapy involves treating diseases or injuries using physical methods like massage, heat treatment, and exercise rather than by ______________ or surgery.
Ans: Drugs.
C. True or False:
1. Antiemetics are a group of drugs that are effective against vomiting and nausea.
Ans: True.
2. When performing physical tasks like lifting an object, you should use your back muscles as much as possible.
Ans: False.
3. According to the Consumer Protection Act, the limitation period for filing a medical case paper is up to 3 years.
Ans: False.
4. A capsule is a form of medication that is enclosed in an outer shell.
Ans: True.
5. Pursed lip breathing is considered one of the simplest ways to control shortness of breath.
Ans: True.
D. Match the Following:
| Column A | Column B |
| (i) Analgesics | (a) Prevent or stop seizures or convulsions. |
| (ii) Antiemetics | (b) Able to destroy or inhibit the growth of bacteria. |
| (iii) Antibacterials | (c) Painkillers that relieve different types of pain. |
| (iv) Anticonvulsants | (d) Used intravenously to produce anesthesia or sedation. |
| (v) Anesthetics | (e) Effective against vomiting and nausea. |
Ans:
| Column A | Column B |
| (i) Analgesics | (c) Painkillers that relieve different types of pain. |
| (ii) Antiemetics | (e) Effective against vomiting and nausea. |
| (iii) Antibacterials | (b) Able to destroy or inhibit the growth of bacteria. |
| (iv) Anticonvulsants | (a) Prevent or stop seizures or convulsions. |
| (v) Anesthetics | (d) Used intravenously to produce anesthesia or sedation. |
E. Long Type Question & Answer:
1. Explain the USP Drug Classification with examples of different medication groups.
Ans: According to the USP Drug Classification, drugs are grouped by their use. For example, Analgesics (painkillers) relieve different types of pain; Anesthetics produce anesthesia or sedation intravenously; Antibacterials destroy or inhibit bacterial growth; Anticonvulsants prevent or stop seizures; Antidementia agents improve cognitive function; Antidepressants treat major depressive disorder; Antidotes counteract poisoning; and Antiemetics are effective against vomiting and nausea.
2. Discuss the legal aspects of medical record keeping in India.
Ans: The legal health record contains individually identifiable data and documents healthcare services. Police authorities and courts can summon medical records under the due process of law. Under the Limitation Act, the maximum period for filing a case paper is up to 3 years, while according to the Consumer Protection Act, it is up to 2 years. Key legal aspects in India focus on confidentiality, identification data, clinical data, ownership and recording, property law, employment law, environmental law, and the avoidance of negligence.
3. Describe the preventive measures to control mistakes in drug administration.
Ans: One of the primary recommendations to reduce medication errors and harm is to use the “five rights”: the right patient, the right drug, the right dose, the right route, and the right time. Additional drug safety tips include knowing the risks and causes for medication errors, finding out what drug you’re taking and its purpose, understanding the directions for how to take the drug, checking the container’s label every time, and keeping drugs stored in their original containers.
4. What are the general considerations for performing physical tasks using proper body mechanics?
Ans: When performing physical tasks, it is easier to pull, push, or roll an object than to lift it. Movements should be smooth and coordinated rather than jerky. You should use your arm and leg muscles as much as possible, minimizing the use of back muscles. Additionally, keep the work as close to your body as possible to reduce strain, maintain tasks at a comfortable height to avoid excessive bending, rock backward or forward on your feet to use body weight as a pushing or pulling force, and stay in good physical condition to reduce the chance of injury.
5. Explain the correct techniques for safely lifting and reaching for objects.
Ans: For lifting, use the stronger leg muscles, bend at the knees and hips while keeping your back straight, and lift straight upward in one smooth motion. For reaching, stand directly in front of and close to the object, avoid twisting and overstretching, use a stool or ladder for high objects, maintain a good balance and a firm base of support, and ensure the object is not too large or too heavy before moving it.
6. Outline the step-by-step procedure for properly moving an object to a new location.
Ans: The steps include: identifying the object to be moved, adopting a stable base of support, grasping the object at its approximate center of gravity, pulling the object toward your body’s center of gravity using arm and leg muscles, re-establishing your base of support and alignment, pivoting toward the desired direction of travel, re-establishing a stable base of support again, squatting to place the object onto the lower area, and finally using leg muscles to resume an upright position.
7. Detail the procedure for performing the diaphragmatic breathing exercise.
Ans: To perform the diaphragmatic breathing exercise, instruct the patient to sit comfortably with the knees bent and the shoulders, head, and neck relaxed. The patient should place one hand on the upper chest and the other just below the rib cage. Next, breathe in slowly through the nose so that the stomach moves outward against the lower hand while the chest remains as still as possible. Then, tighten the abdominal muscles and breathe out slowly through pursed lips, allowing the stomach to move inward while keeping the upper chest relaxed. The exercise should be repeated several times until the patient becomes comfortable with the technique.
8. Describe the different patient positions used for medical treatments.
Ans: Patient positioning involves properly maintaining neutral body alignment to prevent complications of immobility and injury. Common patient positions include Fowler’s Position (sitting position for neurosurgery and shoulder surgeries), Supine Position (patient lies flat on back for facial, abdominal, and extremity procedures), Prone Position (lying on stomach for posterior access), Lithotomy Position, Sim’s Position, and Lateral Position.
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