SEBA Class 10 Health Care Important Chapter 3 Geriatric and Child Care

SEBA Class 10 Health Care Important Chapter 3 Geriatric and Child Care Solutions English Medium As Per New Syllabus. to each chapter is provided in the list so that you can easily browse through different chapters SEBA Class 10 Health Care Important Chapter 3 Geriatric and Child Care Notes and select need one. Class 10 Health Care Additional Question Answers Download PDF. SEBA Class 10 Elective Health Care Important Solutions.

SEBA Class 10 Health Care Important Chapter 3 Geriatric and Child Care

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Geriatric and Child Care

Chapter: 3

IMPORTANT SOLUTIONS

A. Short Type Question & Answer:

1. What is the Activity Theory of aging?

Ans: The Activity Theory suggests that the more an individual does, the better they will age, and that individuals should engage in activities and maintain productivity to age successfully.

2. What is the primary cause of injury in a home for the elderly?

Ans: Slips and falls are the main cause of injury in a home for the elderly, which can lead to severe complications.

3. How many portions of fruits and vegetables does the Eat Well Guide recommend daily?

Ans: The Eat Well Guide recommends eating at least five portions of a variety of fruit and vegetables every day.

4. Why is Vitamin D particularly important for older adults?

Ans: Vitamin D helps the body absorb calcium for healthy bones and teeth, which prevents rickets, keeps bones hard, reduces falls, and improves muscle strength. 

5. What are the four main techniques used during a physical assessment?

Ans: The four techniques used during a physical assessment are inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation.

6. What characterizes the Sensorimotor Stage in child development?

Ans: During the Sensorimotor Stage (from birth through about 2 years), children learn about the world through their senses and by manipulating objects.

7. What are some common risk factors for dehydration in the elderly?

Ans: Common risk factors include older age, decreased thirst, residing in long-term care, incontinence, cognitive impairment, and taking multiple medications like diuretics.

8. What does the Wear and Tear theory of aging propose?

Ans: The Wear and Tear theory states that years of damage to cells, tissues, and organs eventually wear them out; this wear and tear is viewed as a result of aging, rather than the cause of it.

9. When is orthostatic hypotension diagnosed in an elderly patient?

Ans: Orthostatic hypotension is diagnosed if a patient’s systolic blood pressure falls by 20 mm Hg or more after standing for 3 to 5 minutes.

10. What kind of milk is recommended for babies aged 12 to 24 months?

Ans: The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends whole milk for children aged 12 to 24 months, unless the child is gaining too much weight or a healthcare provider recommends otherwise.

B. Fill in the Blanks:

1. The activity theory basically says: the more you do, the better you will ______________.

Ans: age.

2. Slips and ______________ are the main cause of injury in a home for the elderly.

Ans: falls.

3. Vitamin D helps your body absorb ______________ for healthy bones and teeth.

Ans: calcium.

4. During the ______________ Stage, children learn about the world through their senses and the manipulation of objects.

Ans: Sensorimotor.

5. When you perform a physical assessment, you’ll use four techniques: inspection, palpation, percussion, and ______________.

Ans: auscultation.

C. True or False:

1. Aging is the process of becoming older.

Ans: True.

2. Restriction of overall fluid intake reduces urinary incontinence frequency or severity in older people.

Ans: False. 

3. Babies should not have dairy products until they’re one year old.

Ans: True.

4. According to the Programmed theory, aging and death are natural and necessary parts of human genetics.

Ans: True.

5. The Preoperational Stage of cognitive development occurs in children ages 11 and older.

Ans: False.

D. Match the Following:

Column A	Column B
(i) Neonate	(a) Develops imagination and symbolic thinking
(ii) Toddler	(b) 1/3 the length, 1/9th the BSA, and 1/21st the weight of an adult
(iii) Preschooler	(c) Period of transition from childhood to adulthood
(iv) Adolescence	(d) Become upset and stressed if separated from their primary caregiver

Ans:

Column A	Column B
(i) Neonate	(b) 1/3 the length, 1/9th the BSA, and 1/21st the weight of an adult
(ii) Toddler	(d) Become upset and stressed if separated from their primary caregiver
(iii) Preschooler	(a) Develops imagination and symbolic thinking
(iv) Adolescence	(c) Period of transition from childhood to adulthood

E. Long Type Question & Answer:

1. What are the top safety issues for the elderly in their homes, and how can slips and falls be prevented?

Ans: The top safety issues for the elderly include slips and falls, fires, electric shock, accidental poisoning from medicines, and improper lighting. Slips and falls can be prevented by keeping cords away from walkways, making sure rugs are slip-resistant, providing adequate lighting in all areas, and keeping passageways free of debris. Additionally, bathtubs should have non-slip surfaces and grab bars, stairs should have handrails and clear edges, and spills should be cleaned up immediately.

2. Explain the four stages of cognitive development in children according to Jean Piaget’s theory.

Ans: Jean Piaget identified four stages of cognitive development:

(i) Sensorimotor Stage (Birth to 2 years): Children learn about their environment through their senses and by manipulating objects.

(ii) Preoperational Stage (Ages 2 to 7): Children begin to develop memory and imagination, understand things symbolically, and grasp ideas of the past and future.

(iii) Concrete Operational Stage (Ages 7 to 11): Children become more aware of external events and other people’s feelings, becoming less egocentric as they realize not everyone shares their thoughts.

(iv) Formal Operational Stage (Ages 11 and older): Children develop the ability to use logic to solve problems, view the world, and plan for the future.

3. Discuss the importance of hydration in older age and list strategies to prevent dehydration.

Ans: Hydration is crucial for older people because physiological changes, such as a reduced sensation of thirst, make them vulnerable to dehydration. Dehydration can lead to severe health outcomes, including increased hospital stays, low blood pressure, increased risk of falls, acute kidney injury, and impaired mental functions like memory and attention. To prevent dehydration, older adults should aim for six to eight glasses of fluid daily (at least 1.5 litres), keep fresh and palatable water available at all times, drink a full glass of fluid with medications, and consume fluid-rich foods like soups, ice lollies, and yogurts.

4. Describe the normal age-related findings you might see during a physical examination of the head, eyes, and neck of an elderly patient.

Ans: When examining the face, normal age-related findings include dropped eyebrows, descent of the chin, thick terminal hairs on the ears/nose/chin, and wrinkles. The nose may also enlarge and lengthen due to the separation of nasal cartilage. In the eyes, findings may include a loss of orbital fat causing the eyes to sink (enophthalmos), entropion or ectropion (inversion or eversion of eyelids), a white ring at the limbus (arcus senilis), and presbyopia (reduced elasticity of the lens making it hard to focus closely). In the neck, the thyroid gland is often found lower, sometimes even beneath the sternum.

5. What are the primary reasons older adults may require in-home care instead of moving to an assisted living facility?

Ans: Many older adults prefer in-home care because leaving home causes them to feel a loss of independence, which can accelerate cognitive decline; in-home care allows them to “age in place” surrounded by familiar people and belongings. Other key reasons include poor nutrition requiring assistance with meal prep, the inability to complete household chores due to cognitive decline, frequent accidents such as slips or falls requiring help with clutter and transportation, recovering from an illness or injury in comfort, lack of companionship leading to loneliness, and limited mobility requiring help with physical activities to strengthen bones and improve balance.

6. Briefly describe the Biological Theories of aging.

Ans: The Biological Theories of aging include several specific concepts:

(i) Cellular theory: Looks at cells that can and cannot reproduce, and intercellular substances.

(ii) Programmed theory: Suggests aging and death are a natural, programmed part of human genetics.

(iii) Error theory: Claims aging results from internal and external assaults that damage cells, causing transcription errors that amplify over time.

(iv) Somatic theory: Suggests aging is an imbalance where DNA damage accumulates faster than the DNA can repair itself.

(v) Wear and tear theory: Proposes that years of damage to tissues and organs wear them out.

(vi) Auto immune theory: Suggests the aging immune system produces auto-antibodies that cause cell death.

(vii) Free radical theory: Posits that accumulating damage from free radicals deteriorates proteins and DNA.

(viii) Cross linkage theory: States that proteins and DNA develop inappropriate cross-links, decreasing elasticity.

7. Outline the techniques of palpation and auscultation used during a physical assessment.

Ans: Palpation requires using different parts of the hands with varying pressure to touch the patient. Light palpation involves depressing the skin 1 to 2 cm with finger pads to feel for surface abnormalities, texture, temperature, and tenderness. Deep palpation involves depressing the skin 4 to 5 cm with firm pressure (sometimes using both hands) to feel internal organs and masses for size, shape, and mobility. Auscultation involves listening to lung, heart, and bowel sounds using a warmed stethoscope in a quiet environment. The diaphragm of the stethoscope is pressed firmly against the skin to pick up high-pitched sounds (like S1 and S2 heart sounds), while the bell is held lightly to pick up low-pitched sounds (like S3 and S4 heart sounds).

8. What are the fundamental and developmental needs of children that parents or carers must provide?

Ans: Parents and carers must provide for both basic and developmental needs. Basic needs include food and shelter, as children cannot acquire their own sustenance or homes. They also require physical safety to be protected from harm and aggressive individuals, as well as emotional security because innocent situations can be deeply distressing to developing minds. Developmentally, children need to learn social skills to communicate, live with others, and understand societal rules. They also need to develop career abilities by discovering their talents both in and out of school, and internal skills like self-confidence and emotional maturity to cope with life’s traumas.