NIOS Class 12 Introduction to Law Chapter 22 The Legislature

NIOS Class 12 Introduction to Law Chapter 22 The Legislature Solutions English Medium As Per New Syllabus. to each chapter is provided in the list so that you can easily browse throughout different chapters NIOS Class 12 Introduction to Law Chapter 22 The Legislature Notes and select need one. NIOS Class 12 Introduction to Law Chapter 22 The Legislature Question Answers Download PDF. NIOS Study Material of Class 12 Introduction to Law Paper Code: 338.

NIOS Class 12 Introduction to Law Chapter 22 The Legislature

Also, you can read the NIOS book online in these sections Solutions by Expert Teachers as per National Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS) Book guidelines. These solutions are part of NIOS All Subject Solutions. Here we have given NIOS Class 12 Introduction to Law Chapter 22 The Legislature Solutions, NIOS Senior Secondary Course Introduction to Law in Hindi Medium for All Chapter, You can practice these here.

The Legislature

Chapter: 22

Module – 6 The Constitution of India – II

INTEXT QUESTIONS 22.1 

Answer the following questions: 

(i) Why is Rajya Sabha called a permanent house? 

Ans: Rajya Sabha is called a permanent house because it never gets dissolved.

(ii) What is the basic difference between the American Senate and Rajya Sabha? 

Ans: The American Senate has equal representation from all the States (Two from each state) whereas in Rajya Sabha, the representation of the States is proportionate to the population of the State.

(iii) Who elects the members of Rajya Sabha?

Ans: Elected Members of the State Legislative Assemblies.

INTEXT QUESTIONS 22.2 

Answer the following questions: 

(a) In case of inadequate representation, in Lok Sabha, members of which community are nominated by the President of India?

Ans: Anglo – Indian Community.

(b) Who presides over the joint-session of the Parliament?

Ans: Speaker of Lok Sabha.

(c) Name any three States of India having minimum number of members in Lok Sabha. 

Ans: (i) Sikkim.

(ii) Mizoram.

(iii) Arunachal Pradesh.

(d) Who conducts the proceedings of Lok Sabha in the absence of the Speaker?

Ans: Deputy Speaker.

INTEXT QUESTIONS 22.3 

Write True or False:

(i) The term of Rajya Sabha is six years. (True/False) 

Ans: True.

(ii) A Money Bill can be introduced only in Lok Sabha. (True/False) 

Ans: True.

(iii) The Parliament is empowered to change even the basic structure of Indian Constitution. (True/False)

Ans: False.

INTEXT QUESTIONS 22.4 

Answer the following questions: 

(a) Differentiate between a Government Bill and a Private Member’s Bill. 

Ans: A Government Bill is a bill introduced by a Minister on behalf of the Government. A Private Member’s Bill is a bill introduced by any Member of Parliament who is not a Minister, in their individual capacity. Government Bills are more likely to be passed, while Private Members’ Bills are rarely enacted into law.

(b) Differentiate between an Ordinary Bill and a Money Bill with regard to their introduction in the Parliament. 

Ans: An Ordinary Bill can be introduced in any of the two Houses of Parliament. whereas a Money Bill can only be introduced in Lok Sabha and that too, with the prior permission of the President.

(c) What is a Money Bill?

Ans: A Money Bill deals with the imposition, abolition, alteration of any tax or related to any financial matter.

(d) When does the joint sitting of both the Houses of Parliament take place?

Ans: When there is a disagreement between Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha over the passing of an Ordinary Bill.

INTEXT QUESTIONS 22.5 

Answer the following questions: 

(a) Which five States of India have bicameral legislatures? 

Ans: Bihar, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Uttar Pradesh and Jammu Kashmir.

(b) Name the State having the largest number of members in Vidhan Sabha. 

Ans: Uttar Pradesh (403 members).

(c) What is the minimum permissible number of members in a State Assembly? 

Ans: 60. 

(d) Who exercises the casting vote in case of a tie in the State Assembly? 

Ans: Speaker of the Vidhan Sabha.

(e) Who can dissolve the State Assembly and when?

Ans: The Governor of the State can do so on the advice of the Chief Minister. 

INTEXT QUESTIONS 22.6 

Fill in the blanks: 

(i) The upper house of the bicameral State Legislature of a State is called ____________ (Vidhan Sabha, Vidhan Parishad, Sansad).

Ans: Vidhan Parishad.

(ii) ___________ is the final authority to abolish or create Legislative Council in a State. (Vidhan Sabha, Parliament, Governor) 

Ans: Parliament.

(iii) The Legislative Council of Jammu and Kashmir has _________ members. (36, 40, 56) 

Ans: 36.

(iv) The Vidhan Parishad of Bihar has 96 members in all. Out of these ___________ members were nominated by the Governor. (12, 16, 20)

Ans: 16

INTEXT QUESTIONS 22.7 

Write True or False. 

(i) The State Legislature has a limited role in amending the Constitution. (True/False)

Ans: True.

(ii) One third of the members of the State Legislative Council are elected by the elected members of the Legislative Assembly. (True/False) 

Ans: True.

(iii) Centre and the States both can make laws on the subjects contained in the Concurrent List. (True/False)

Ans: True.

TERMINAL EXERCISES

1. Describe the composition of the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha. 

Ans: Rajya Sabha: It has a maximum of 250 members. Out of these, 12 members are nominated by the President for their excellence in literature, science, art, social service, or sports. The remaining members are elected by the elected members of the State Legislative Assemblies through the system of proportional representation by means of the Single Transferable Vote (STV).

Lok Sabha: It shall not consist of more than 550 members—up to 530 from the States and up to 20 from the Union Territories. The members are directly elected by the people of India through universal adult franchise (voting age 18 years and above) using secret ballot and Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs). Certain seats are reserved for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.

2. Mention the different stages a bill passes through before becoming a law. 

Ans: A Bill passes through the following three main stages before becoming a law:

First Reading (Introduction of the Bill):

First Reading of the bill starts with the introduction of the bill in either of the two Houses of Parliament. A request for its introduction along with aims and objectives of the bill is sent to the Presiding Officer. Every bill introduced in the House has to be published in the gazette. On the appointed date, the Minister moves the motion for leave to introduce the bill. If permitted to do so by the House, it is formally introduced.

Second Reading (Detailed Consideration):

This is the most important stage. A general and then a clause-by-clause discussion takes place. The House may:

(a) take the Bill into consideration immediately.

(b) refer it to a Select Committee of the House.

(c) refer it to a Joint Committee of both Houses, or.

(d) circulate it for public opinion.

After committee examination and report, the Bill is debated clause by clause, and amendments are put to vote. If passed, it goes to the other House where the same procedure is followed.

Third Reading (Passing of the Bill):

The Minister moves the motion for the Bill to be passed. Normally, there is little or no discussion. The Bill is put to vote, and if approved by a majority, it is sent to the other House. After both Houses pass it, the Bill is sent to the President for assent.

(i) If the President gives assent, it becomes a law (Act).

(ii) If the President returns it for reconsideration and both Houses pass it again, the President must give assent.

(iii) In case of disagreement between both Houses, a Joint Sitting is held, presided over by the Speaker of the Lok Sabha.

3. Why is Rajya Sabha called a permanent house? 

Ans: Rajya Sabha is a permanent House which never gets dissolved. Its members are elected for six years. One third of its members retire every two years. They are entitled to contest again for the membership. But, a member elected against a mid-term vacancy serves for the remaining period only. This system of election ensures continuity in the working of Rajya Sabha.

4. When does the Joint Sitting of both the houses of Parliament take place? Who presides over such a Joint Sitting? 

Ans: A Joint Sitting of both Houses of Parliament—Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha—takes place when there is a disagreement between the two Houses on an Ordinary Bill. 

This situation arises if:

• The Rajya Sabha rejects a bill passed by the Lok Sabha.

• The two Houses disagree on the amendments to be made in a bill, or.

• More than six months have passed since the bill was received by the other House without being passed.

In such cases, the President of India may summon a Joint Sitting to resolve the deadlock. The Speaker of the Lok Sabha presides over the Joint Sitting. If the Speaker is absent, the Deputy Speaker of the Lok Sabha presides, and in their absence, the Deputy Chairman of the Rajya Sabha conducts the sitting.

5. How far is it correct to say that Rajya Sabha has almost no control over the financial matters of the country? Explain.

Ans: It is correct to say that the Rajya Sabha has very limited control over the financial matters of the country. According to the Constitution, Money Bills can be introduced only in the Lok Sabha, not in the Rajya Sabha. After a Money Bill is passed by the Lok Sabha, it is sent to the Rajya Sabha for its recommendations, which the Lok Sabha may accept or reject. The Rajya Sabha must return the bill within 14 days, failing which it is deemed to have been passed by both Houses in the form approved by the Lok Sabha. Thus, the Rajya Sabha cannot amend, reject, or delay a Money Bill beyond 14 days. This shows that in financial matters, the real power lies with the Lok Sabha, and the Rajya Sabha plays only a consultative role.