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NIOS Class 12 Geography Chapter 27 Population Composition in India
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Population Composition in India
Chapter: 27
GEOGRAPHY
TEXTUAL QUESTION & ANSWER
INTEXT QUESTION 27.1
Q.1. Fill in the blanks with suitable words from those given in the brackets: (Secondary and tertiary, increasing, 35, lower primary)
(a) The growth rate of rural population is_______ than the growth rate of urban population in India.
Ans. Lower.
(b) The rural population is mainly engaged in _______ activities whereas the urban population is primarily engaged in ________ activities.
Ans. Primary, secondary and tertiary.
(c) Proportion Apurva population has been_______since 1921.
Ans. Increasing.
(d) Altogether there are __________ ”million plus cities” in India according to census of India 2001.
Ans. 35.
INTEXT QUESTIONS 27.2
Answer the following questions in brief:
(a) Name the state having the highest sex ratio in India.
Ans. Kerala.
(b) Name the state having lowest sex ratio in India.
Ans. Haryana.
(c) What is the sex ratio of India according to Census of India 2001?
Ans. 933.
(d) Define sex ratio.
Ans. It refers to the number of females per thousands males in an area.
INTEXT QUESTIONS 27.3
Q.1. Fill in the blanks with the most appropriate words out of those give any the brackets:
(a) One of the languages belonging to the Austric Family of language is _______ (Santhali, Hindi, Bengali)
Ans. Santhali.
(b) Hindi is a language belonging to the ______ family of languages. (Dravidian, Aryan, austric)
Ans. Aryan.
(c) Speakers of Austric languages are concentrated primary in __________. (Tribal areas of Central India, Western Himalayas, Konkan region)
Ans. Tribal areas of Central India.
INTEXT QUESTIONS 27.4
Q.1. In which part of India do most of the Zoroastrians live?
Ans. In and around Mumbai.
Q.2. In which states do most of the Indian Christian live?
Ans. Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh and north east region.
Q.3. Name one state having a large concentration of Muslim population of India.
Ans. Uttar Pradesh.
Q.4. In which states of India do most of the Indian Buddhists live?
Ans. Maharashtra and Arunachal Pradesh.
INTEXT QUESTIONS 27.6
Q.1. Fill in the blanks with the most appropriate words those given in brackets:
(a) One of the areas of large concentration of tribal population in Indian is ________. (Punjab, Haryana, Jharkhand)
Ans. Jharkhand.
(b) According to 2001 census, the share of scheduled caste population is approximately _______% to the total population of the country. (16, 15, 8, 7)
Ans. 16%.
(c) Scheduled castes population constitute the most significant proportion of the total population in the state of _________. (Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Punjab)
Ans. Punjab.
(d) According today census of India 2001, the average lighter Richie rate of India is _________ percent. (65.38, 64.44, 68.01,)
Ans. 65.38.
Q.2. Name any two programmes taken by government of India to increase literacy rate.
Ans. (i) Literacy Mission.
(ii) Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan.
(iii) Each One Teach One.
Q.3. Which state having highest literacy among both males and females?
Ans. Kerala.
TERMINAL QUESTIONS
Q.1. Discuss in brief the following characteristics of Indian population.
(a) age structure.
(b) rural-urban ratio.
(c) sex ratio.
Ans. (a) Age structure: Age-sex pyramid refers to the composition of population in terms of the age and sex of people. It gives an indication regarding the growth rate of population and nature of population in terms of working and non-working sections. As per the census 2001, children up to 14 year of age account for 35.3% of the total population. The age group of 15-59 years accounts for 56.9% of total population and the age group of 60 years and above is 7.4% of population.
The age structure has been undergoing some gradual changes during the recent decades. One of the trend is that proportion of the younger population i.e. in the age of group 0-14 years is declining and a percentage of group of 15-59 and old age population i.e. 60 years is increasing. But in 2001 census the percentage of group of 15-59 declined from 57.7% to the old age population increased from 6.6% to 7.4% in 2001. The population of children i.e. group 0-14 years declined from 36.5% to 35.3% in 2001 census.
(b) Rural-urban ratio: Population is divided into two parts- rural and urban on the basis of size and occupation of settlements. The rural population consist of small sized settlements scaterred over countryside. Kurbaan population is one that lives in large size settlements i.e. towns and cities. However, this division is based on occupational structure. The rural population is engaged in primary occupation and the urban population is engaged in secondary and tertiary occupations. The total population of India spread over more than 5.8 lakh of villages and 4615 towns. Today about 72% of total population of India lives in villages. But the proportion of rural pollution has been decreasing in each successive census, consequently the proportion of urban population has been increasing slowly.
The following table shows the distribution of rural and urban population.
Rural and urban population in India (1901-2001)
(c) Sex Ratio: Sex ratio refers to the number of females per thousand males of an area. As per census 2001, there are only 933 females per thousand males. So sex composition in India is unfavourable. It means there are less number of females than the number of males. When the number of females is more than the number of males it is favourable. Only Kerala has favourable ratio (1059). It is the highest ratio in the country. The lowest sex ratio is in Haryana (861).
The following table shows the sex ratio in India:
Ratio in India (females per 1000 males)
| Year | Sex ratio | Year | Sex ratio |
| 1901 | 972 | 1961 | 941 |
| 1911 | 964 | 1971 | 930 |
| 1921 | 955 | 1981 | 934 |
| 1931 | 950 | 1991 | 927 |
| 1941 | 945 | 2001 | 933 |
| 1951 | 946 |
Q.2. Give an account of literacy in India.
Ans. Literacy generally defined as a person ability to read, write an ability of understanding and calculation. The literacy in India is not very high. According to the census 2001, the average literacy rate is the rate of literacy various state to state. In Kerala, it is 90.92% while in Bihar it is 47.53% in union territory, Lakshdweep has the highest rate of literacy (47.52%) and lowest is in dadra and Nagar haveli (60.03%).
The literacy rate varies between males and females. Among males the average rate of literacy is 75.85% which is higher than the females (54.16%). Kerala has the distinction of highest literacy among both males and females (and 87.86%) respectively whereaaBihar has the lowest rate of literacy among mails and females (60.32% and 33.57%) respectively. The literacy in urban areas is 73.01% and in rural areas it is 44 54%.
