NIOS Class 12 Biology Chapter 5 Tissues and Other Levels of Organization

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NIOS Class 12 Biology Chapter 5 Tissues and Other Levels of Organization

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Tissues and Other Levels of Organization

Chapter: 5

MODULE – I: DIVERSITY AND EVOLUTION OF LIFE

NIOS TEXTBOOK QUESTIONS ANSWERS

INTEXT QUESTIONS 5.1

1. Define a tissue.

Ans. The tissue is a group of cells similar in origin, structure and function.

2. Give one word equivalent for the following:

(i) A plant tissue that consists of cells which continue to divide to produce more cells.

Ans. Meristematic.

(ii) The meristematic tissue responsible for the increase in thickness of the stem of a tree.

Ans. Lateral meristem.

(iii) The kind of plant tissues which consists of all similar cells.

Ans. Simple Tissue.

(iv) The category of plant tissues in which the cells do not divide.

Ans. Permanent Tissue.

3. What do you mean by “cells of a tissue have similar origin”?

Ans. Arising from the same embryonic layer of cells.

4. Name that branch of Biology in which tissues are studied?

Ans. Histology.

5. What is a complex tissue?

Ans. The complex tissue is composed of more than one type of cells one cooperating in performing command function.

6. Mention any two special features of meristematic cells.

Ans. (a) They are thin walled.

(b) They possess a prominent nucleus and a lew vacuoles.

INTEXT QUESTIONS 5.2

1. Give two characteristics and one example of the location of the given tissues in plants in the following table:

S.No.	Tissue	Characteristics	Example of location
(i)	Parenchyma	………………	………………
(ii)	Collenchyma	………………	………………
(iii)	Sclerenchyma	………………	………………

Ans. 

S. No.	Tissue	Characteristics	Example of location
(i)	Parenchyma	Thin walled, rounded cells and are living.	Root, stem and leaves.
(ii)	Collenchyma	Polygonal cells, thick at the corners and are living.	Stem as well as the midrib of the leaf.
(iii)	Sclerenchyma	They are thick walled and dead cells. Irregular/ elongated in shape.	Stem and fruits.

2. Name plant tissues which

(i) conduct water __________.

Ans. Xylem tissue.

(ii) conduct food __________.

Ans. Phloem tissues.

INTEXT QUESTIONS 5.3

1. List the different types of animal tissues.

Ans. Different kinds of animal tissues are: 

(I) epithelial.

(ii) connective.

(iii) muscle. and 

(iv) nervous tissue.

2. Match the items in column I with those in column II by writing the corresponding serial number within brackets.

Column I	Column II
(a) Compound Epithelium	(i) Epithelial tiasure
(b) Basement membrane	(ii) For increasing the surface area
(c) Brush bordered epithelium	(iii) Lining of trachea
(d) Salivary gland	(iv) Skin
(e) Ciliated Epithelium	(v) Cuboidal on helium

Ans. 

Column I	Column II
(a) Compound Epithelium	(iv) Skin
(b) Basement membrane	(i) Epithelial tiasure
(c) Brush bordered epithelium	(ii) For increasing the surface area
(d) Salivary gland	(v) Cuboidal on helium
(e) Ciliated Epithelium	(iii) Lining of trachea

INTEXT QUESTIONS 5.4

1. Name the different types of cells forming the different types of connective tissues.

Ans. Cells of Connective Tissue:

S.No.	Type of Cells	Connective Tissues
1	Blood cells; RBC.WBC, etc.	Blood-fluid tissue.
2	Cartilage cells and Bone cells (chondro- cytes and osteo-cytes).	Bone and cartilage- skeletal tissue.
3	Fibroblast, macro- phages and mast cells.	Areolar tissue.
4	Neuron/nerve cells.	Nervous tissue.
5	Muscle cells.	Muscular tissue.

 2. Match the item in column I with those in column II, by writing the corresponding serial number within brackets:

Column I	Column II
(a) Unstriped muscles.	(i) Multinucleate.
(b) Myofibrils.	(ii) Run parallel to each other in a striped muscle.
(c) Sarcolemma.	(iii) Cardiac muscles.
(d) Striped muscle	(iv) Outer tough membrane of a striped muscle fibre.
(e) Branched myofibril.	(v) Involuntary.

Ans. 

Column I	Column II
(a) Unstriped muscles.	(v) Involuntary.
(b) Myofibrils.	(ii) Run parallel to each other in a striped muscle.
(c) Sarcolemma.	(iv) Outer tough membrane of a striped muscle fibre.
(d) Striped muscle	(i) Multinucleate.
(e) Branched myofibril.	(iii) Cardiac muscles.

INTEXT QUESTIONS 5.5

1. What is the function of the nervous tissue?

Ans. This is sensory and it transmits the nerve impulse.

2. What is the direction of the “flow of impulse” within a nerve cell from its dendrites to its axon end or from its axon end towards its dendrites? 

Ans. Direction of Flow of Impulse: From dendrites to the Axon.

3. What are the following parts in a nerve cell?

(i) Cyton ____________.

Ans. Cyton: It is known as cell body. 

(ii) Dendrites ____________.

Ans. Dendrite: It is a thin process of cyton or prokaryon.

(iii) Axon ____________.

Ans. Axon: It is called neuraxis or sensory fibre.

(iv) Medullary sheath ____________.

Ans. Medullary sheath: It is made up of myelin (lipid).

(v) Node of Ranvier ___________.

Ans. Nodes of Ranvier: They are interruptions in medullary sheath of the axon.

INTEXT QUESTIONS 5.6

1. Rearrange the following levels of organisations in their correct sequences:

(i) Tissue.

(ii) Cell.

(iii) Organ.

(iv) Organism.

(v) Organ system.

Ans. Cell → tissue → organ → organ system → organism.

2. Complete the following table by giving one example of each of the following in an animal and plant.

Level of Organisation	Examples
	Animal	Plant
1. Cell	………………..	………………..
2. Tissue	………………..	……………….
3. Organ	………………..	………………..
4. Organ-system	………………..	………………..
5. Organism	………………..	………………..

Ans. See the following:

Level of Organisation	Examples
	Animal	Plant
1. Cell	Leucocyte	Parenchyma cell.
2. Tissue	Epithelial tissue	Stem tip of a plant
3. Organ	Heart	Root
4. Organ-system	Blood vascular system	Root system
5. Organism	Man	Mustard plant

TERMINAL EXERCISES

(d) Organ system level: Digestive system of man.

(e) Organismic level: Human beings.