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NIOS Class 10 Social Science Chapter 27 Peace and Security
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Peace and Security
Chapter: 27
SOCIAL SCIENCE
TEXT BOOK QUESTIONS WITH THEIR ANSWERS
INTEXT QUESTIONS 27.1
Q. 1. Fill in the blanks:
(a) Peace really does not mean a state of mind or a condition with complete absence of __________.
Ans: Disturbance/conflict.
(b) Peace is a state of harmony characterized by the existence of __________.
Ans: Healthy interpersonal or inter-state or international affairs, prosperity in matter of social or economic welfare, the establishment of equality, and a working political order that serve the true interests.
(c) Security means a secure condition or feeling untroubled by It also means the safety of __________.
Ans: Danger/fear, a nation/the world.
(d) In its most basic sense, security implies freedom from __________.
Ans: Extremely dangerous threat.
Q. 2. Why is peace and security considered so important?
Ans. Peace and security is considered so important because:
(i) It is a condition where individual, institutions, regions, nations and the world move ahead without any challenge.
(ii) Nations can become more stable with their presence and likely to be democratically governed and respectful to human rights.
Q. 3. What are the three basic differences between traditional and new or non- traditional concept of peace and security?
Ans: Basic difference between traditional and new or non-traditional concept of peace and security:
(i) New/non-traditional concept of peace security is a much broader concept and goes beyond the military threats to includes wide range of danger and also a threat to the existence of human being.
(ii) It includes both regions and nations, and communities and human being at a large extent.
(iii) It is also includes the protection of human from foreign attack or invasion.
(iv) It is also observed as the pre-condition of socio- economic development. While the traditional norms of peace and security were not wide as new.
INTEXT QUESTIONS 27.2
Q. 1. Why did India need to evolve and adopt a specific approach for both international and internal peace and security?
Ans: India needs to evolve and adopt a specific approach for both international and internal peace and security because-
(i) There is mutual relationship between democracy and development, peace and security.
(ii) In the absence of peace and security, government cannot work with efficiency.
(iii) Citizens of democratic country cannot participate in decision making process i.e., in election, without peace and security.
(iv) Peace and security cannot be achieve in the absence of democracy and development.
(v) We can argue that regional peace can not be achieved without democracy.
(vi) Development leads to promote peace and through development and peace nation can ensure social and economic progress.
Q. 2. What has been the contribution of freedom movement in the evolution of an approach to peace and security?
Ans: Contribution of freedom movement in the evolution of an approach to peace and security:
(i) The leaders of freedom movement realized that the democratic system after independence can only function smoothly if peace and security is maintained.
(ii) Socio-economic development process cannot accelerated without peace and security.
Q. 3. What is the approach for peace and security mentioned in the Indian Constitution?
Ans: In Indian Constitution the importance of peace and security is discussed in a separate chapter “Directive Principles of State Policy.” The federal form of government makes it sure that the power is not centralized in central government, but is divided to different organs. Decisions regarding the socio-economic development taken by state government because its more aware about the demands, hopes and aspirations of the local people. Under Panchayati Raj system these decisions are taken by local self governing bodies. Therefore a multi-fold or multi- pronged approach is adopted to maintain peace and security.
Q. 4. What according to you would be the most effective methods for ensuring both internal and international peace and security?
Ans: Most effective methods for ensuring both internal and international peace and security are:
(i) At international level a policy should be adopted which aimed at the promotion of international peace and security,
(ii) At national level to secure peace and security we must committed to ensure liberty, equality, social justice, secularism.
(iii) People at world and at national level must be committed to obey and spread democratic ideas.
INTEXT QUESTIONS 27.3
Q. 1. Fill in the blanks:
(a) India has been experiencing various types of violent activities under the grasp of
(i) __________
(ii) __________
(iii) __________
(b) Terrorism is a criminal act to __________ on civilians and to __________ generally for a political or ideological purpose.
(c) The movement in India is of two types:
(i) Movement with __________. and
(ii) Movement for __________.
Ans: (a) (i) Terrorism.
(ii) Naxalite Movement.
(iii) Insurgency.
(b) inflict democratic and deadly injuring, create an atmosphere of fear.
(c) (i) political motives.
(ii) social and economic justices.
Q. 2. What are main strategies being used by the government to deal with insurgency?
Ans: An insurgency is an armed revolt against a constituted authority. After Independence, India experiences violence in many regions of the country due to this.
Government of India, in order to control over insurgency adopted many measures. These activities Le., insurgency activities aimed at political motive, hence needs to be handled diplomatically. For example, Indian government has entered into a treaty with Myanmar and Bangladesh to restrain their help and support coming to insurgent movement from these nations.
Q. 3. What steps according to you the government should take to solve the problem of insurgency?
Ans: According to us government should take following steps to solve the problems of insurgency:
(i) Efforts should be made for all-round development of all regions of the nation.
(ii) All must be given equal opportunities for education.
(iii) Democratic institutions must be strengthened to tackle these problems.
INTEXT QUESTIONS 27.4
Q. 1. What are the basic objectives of Indian foreign policy?
Ans: Following are the main objectives of India’s foreign policy:
(i) To promote international peace and security
(ii) To maintain good and healthy relation with neighbor’s and other countries of the world.
(iii) To cooperation among developing countries.
(iv) To oppose racism and imperialism.
(v) To maintain freedom in policy formation.
Q. 2. Why did India adopt the policy of non-alignment?
Ans: India adopted the policy of non- alignment due to following reasons:
(i) It aimed at maintaining national independence in foreign affair.
(ii) It provided an opportunity for protecting the sovereignty.
(iii) It provides all member states, regardless their size and importance, an opportunity to participate in global decision making.
Q. 3. Fill in the blanks:
1. India was __________ of non-aligned movement.
Ans: Prime architect.
2. India has always viewed United Nations (UN) as a vehicle for __________ in world politics.
Ans: Peace and security and for peaceful change.
3. India has been extending all supports to UN in its __________and other endeavors like.
Ans: Peace keeping operation, disarmament.
4. India has a strong case for becoming a __________ in the Security Council.
Ans: Permanent member.
TERMINAL EXERCISES
Q. 1. What is the meaning of the term peace and security? How is the traditional notion of the term different from new or non traditional notion?
Ans: Peace: It is a social and politician condition which ensures the development of an individual, society and the entire nation.
Security: The word security means protection. It reference points varies from individual to individual. For example, all of us take various measures to secure our home, or area we live in.
Peace and Security: These two terms ‘Peace’ and ‘Security’ seem to inseparable. Both are essential for a democratic system.
The traditional notion of the term ‘Peace and Security since long focussed on the danger of any military or armed conflict but in present or new notion it focus human peace and security or global peace and security.
Q. 2. Do you agree that there is a mutual relationship between peace and security on one hand and democracy and development on the others? Justify your answer.
Ans: Yes, we are agree because peace and security are essential for the sustaining democracy and development. There is a mutual relationship between peace and security and democracy and development.
Both cannot work independently. In the presence of peace and security democracy and development can work smoothly. Without their (peace and security) presence it will be imaginary to set up democratic institution and look for development.
Q. 3. What contribution did the national freedom movement make to evolve the strategies and methods to deals with threat to peace and security?
Ans: Contribution of freedom movement in the evolution of an approach to peace and security:
(i) The leaders of freedom movement realized that the democratic system after independence can only function smoothly if peace and security is maintained.
(ii) Socio-economic development process can not accelerated without peace and security.
Q. 4. What are the major threats to peace and security in India? What are the major strategies and methods that India has been employing?
Ans: The major threats to peace and security in India are:
(a) Terrorism.
(b) Insurgency.
(c) Naxalite Movement.
India have adopted diplomatic measures to control over these internal threats that are challenge to peace and security.
Q. 5. Examine the India’s foreign policy in context of peace and security?
Ans: India’s foreign policy in context of peace and security:
(i) To promote international peace and security.
(ii) To maintain good and healthy relation with neighbor and other countries of the world.
(iii) To cooperation among developing countries.
(iv) To oppose racism and imperialism.
(v) To maintain freedom in policy formation.
Q. 6. How is the policy of non- alignment relevant in the context of the changed nature of international politics?
Ans: The policy of non-alignment is relevant in the context of the changed nature of international politics, because, India decided not to be the part of any power block to maintain her independence both in foreign and internal affairs.
Q. 7. How has India been extending its support to the United Nations? Why should India be made a permanent member of the Security Council.
Ans: India has been extending all support to U.N. by:
(i) Participate all its (UN’s) peacekeeping operations.
(ii) Advocating active role for UN in development efforts of the developing countries.
India should be made the permanent member of the UN, because since the formation of UN, India played an active role in all organs of the UN. It has initiated some reforms which are accepted by the UN and successfully running.
SOME OTHER IMPORTANT QUESTIONS FOR EXAMINATION
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
1. When was the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) adopted by UN’s members?
(a) 8 March 2000
(b) 18 May 2004
(c) 18 May 1974
(d) 8 September 2000
Ans: (d) 8 September 2000.
2. What was the strength of the UN when MDGs adopted?
(a) 154
(b) 190
(c) 189
(d) 145
Ans: (c) 189.
3. When did World Summit on MDGs universally recognized that, “Development, peace and security, and Human Rights are inter linked and mutually reinforcing”?
(a) In 2007
(b) In 2005
(c) In 2009
(d) In 2011
Ans: (b) In 2005.
4. Which is not a internal threat to peace and security?
(a) Social welfare.
(b) Terrorism.
(c) Insurgency.
(d) Naxalite Movement.
Ans: (a) Social welfare.
5. When did the Naxalite Movement begin in India?
(a) March 1969
(b) March 1967
(c) March 1974
(d) March 1977
Ans: (b) March 1967.
6. In how many states the Naxalite insurgency spreader out?
(a) Four.
(b) Nine.
(c) Six.
(d) Seven.
Ans: (b) Nine.
7. Which Indian state is free from the danger of the Naxalite movement?
(a) Odisha.
(b) Bihar.
(c) Madhya Pradesh.
(d) Andhra Pradesh.
Ans: (c) Madhya Pradesh.
8. In how many districts of India Naxalite movement is active?
(a) 152
(b) 125
(c) 117
(d) 142
Ans: (b) 125.
9. What is the full form of NAM?
(a) Natural Allegation Movement.
(b) Neutral Aligned Movement.
(c) Non-Aligned Movement.
(d) New Aligned Monarchy.
Ans: (c) Non-Aligned Movement.
10. Who among the following was not an active member of NAM?
(a) J.L. Nehru.
(b) Mahatma Gandhi.
(c) Tito.
(d) Nasir.
Ans: (b) Mahatma Gandhi.
11. Which resolution of United Nations Security Council condemned terrorist attacks in 2004?
(a) 1776
(b) 1766
(c) 1566
(d) 1576
Ans: (c) 1566.
12. When was Taj Hotel (in Mumbai) attacked by terrorists?
(a) 26 March 2008
(b) 26 November 2008
(c) 16 March 2008
(d) 16 November 2008
Ans: (b) 26 November 2008.
13. Who ensures the mass participation in decision making process?
(a) State government.
(b) Central government.
(c) Local government.
(d) None of these.
Ans: (c) Local government.
14. Which is a threat to a nation?
(a) Peace.
(b) Security.
(c) Democratic institution.
(d) Insurgency.
Ans: (d) Insurgency.
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
Q. 1. Identify our leaders who shaped India’s foreign policy.
Ans: Jawaharlal Nehru, the first Prime Minister of our country mainly shaped our foreign policy.
Q. 2. What in your view is the single most important goal of India’s foreign policy?
Ans: World peace is the single most important goal of India’s foreign policy.
Q. 3. What is meant by the term foreign policy? Describe the main principles of India’s foreign policy.
Ans: By foreign policy we mean the policy that a country takes us towards other countries.
The main principles of India’s foreign policy are to promote world peace, to extend full cooperation to the United Nations, to oppose colonialism and to keep away from the power blocks and stick to the policy of non- alignment.
Q. 4. Why has India adopted the policy of non-alignment ? (V. Imp.)
Ans: After the Second World War the whole world was divided into two power blocks. One led by U.S.A. and the other by U.S.S.R. But India did not join any block and adopted the policy of non-alignment. Because by joining a military block India would lose the cooperation and friendship of a number of countries.
Q. 5. Name the four non-aligned countries of the world. At which six places have the non-aligned countries held their conferences?
Ans: The names of the four non-aligned countries are:
1. India.
2. Sri Lanka.
3. Egypt.
4. Yugoslavia.
The places where the non-aligned summits have taken place are:
1. Bandung.
2. Belgrade.
3. Cairo.
4. Lusaka.
5. Colombo.
6. New Delhi.
Q. 6. When did the United Nations come into existence? What are its main objects?
Ans: The United Nations came into existence on October 24, 1945. The main objectives of the United Nations are to settle the mutual disputes of various nations peacefully and to promote understanding and friendly relations among its member nations.
Q. 7. Name the various organs of the United Nations.
Ans: There are six organs of the United Nations. These are:
1. General Assembly.
2. Security Council.
3. Economic and Social Council.
4. Trusteeship Council.
5. International Court of Justice.
6. Secretariat.
Q. 8. Name the founder nations of Non-Aligned Movement.
Ans: There were three founder nations of the Non-Aligned Movement:
1. India: Under the leadership of India’s late Prime Minister Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru.
2. Yugoslavia: Under the leadership of President Josif Broz Tito.
3. Egypt: Under the leadership of President Abdul Nasser.
Q. 9. What are the main functions of the I.L.O. (International Labour Organisation)?
Ans: Main Functions of the I.L.O. (International Labour Organization):
1. The main functions of the International Labour Organization is to look after and safeguard the rights and interests of the laborers of all the countries of the world.
2. The I.L.O. tried to ensure that the conditions of work for the laborers are improved and standardized.
Q. 10. What are the main functions of UNESCO ? (V. Imp.)
Ans: Main Functions of UNESCO:
1. This agency co-operates with various nations in the development of their education, science and culture.
2. It takes steps to promote a feeling of internationalism among the children in every country.
3. It has framed rules for the preservation of old monuments in various countries.
Q. 11. When did the Twin Towers attacked in USA?
Ans: It was attacked on 11th Sept., 2001.
Q. 12. When the Indian Parliament was attacked by terrorists?
Ans: Indian Parliament was attacked on December 13, 2001.
Q. 13. Why was South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) formed?
Ans: It was formed by comprehensive economic cooperation among the SAARC countries.
Q. 14. Why India adopted the policy of non-alignment?
Ans: India is not obliged to take the side of any of the big powers. It can take independent position on international issues. India can follow her foreign policy independently, so she adopted the policy of non-alignment.
Q. 15. What were the two power blocks in the world at the time of India’s Independence?
Ans: At the time of India’s independence, there were two power blocks, one block was headed by the USA and the other by the former Soviet Union. The new independent countries were joining either of the two blocks.
Q. 16. What do you mean by non- alignment?
Ans: It is the basic principle of India’s foreign policy. Non-alignment means, not aligning with any power block and to take its own independent decision regarding the national and international matters.
Q. 17. What is Panchsheel? Write its principles.
Ans: Panchsheel is the basic principles of Indian foreign policy. It is also known as the policy of peaceful co-existence. In 1954 Pt. Nehru and the then Chinese Prime Minister Chow Enlai signed an agreement its five principles are as follows:
(i) Mutual non-aggression.
(ii) Mutual respect for each other’s territorial integrity and sovereignty.
(iii) Non-interference in each other’s international affairs.
(iv) Equality and mutual benefit.
(v) Peaceful co-existence.
Q. 18. What is the main aim of India’s foreign policy?
Ans: The main aim of India’s foreign policy is that all international disputes should be settled by peaceful means through negotiations.
Q. 19. What do you mean by disarmament?
Ans: It means that the production of deadly war weapons should not only be stopped but those countries who have enough stock should destroy them.
Q. 20. Name two international conflicts in which India played a part in restoring peace.
Ans: India helped Indonesia in achieving her independence and worked to bring to an end the war between North Korea and South Korea.
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
Q. 1. What are the basic principles of India’s foreign policy? (V. Imp.)
Ans: The basic principles of India’s foreign policy are the following:
(i) Non-alignment, which primarily means keeping out of military pacts and alliances.
(ii) Faith in the principles of Panchsheel.
(iii) Peaceful co-existence.
(iv) Opposition to imperialism and colonialism.
(v) Opposition to social discrimination.
(vi) Support to disarmament.
(vii) Respect for human rights.
(viii) Support to international organizations like the UN etc.
Q. 2. Write a short note on the Non- Aligned Movement.
Ans: India’s policy of not aligning with any of the powers/military blocs after World War II led to the emergence of the Non- Aligned Movement (NAM). It does not mean isolationism or neutrality, instead, it is a positive policy of taking an independent stand on international matters. The seeds of the movement were sown at Bandung in 1955, in which 29 nations including India participated.
At present the membership of the NAM is 116. The aims of NAM are:
(i) assuring newly independent states of their rightful place in the world order.
(ii) ending of colonialism and imperialism.
(iii) promotion of international peace and security.
(iv) ending of racial discrimination.
(v) total disarmament and opposition to nuclear weapons.
(vi) creation of a new international economic order.
Q. 3. What is the relevance of NAM today? (V. Imp.)
Ans: With most of the countries free from colonial rule, the disintegration of Soviet Russia and the emergence of a ‘unipolar world’, the question that arises in one’s mind is the context of the new role of NAM. At the Jakarta Summit in 1992, the member states of NAM have once again established the relevance of NAM in today’s world.
The argument can be briefly stated as above:
(i) The end of cold war has increased the need for a new world order which will secure freedom of all states. Earlier a nation could rely on one or the other super power, now all countries have to depend on each other.
(ii) Issues like disarmament, human rights, neo-colonialism and apartheid are still relevant today.
(iii) NAM has to project itself as a movement of the developing countries and educe much of their dependence on developed nations.
(iv) It should resolve disputes within its own member states.
Q. 4. What is SAARC? What are its objectives? (M. Imp.)
Ans: SAARC stands for South Asian association for Regional Cooperation. It was established in 1985 at Dhaka. Its members are India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan and Maldives.
Its objectives are:
(i) promotion of collective self reliance’s.
(ii) acceleration of economic growth in the region.
(iii) collaboration amongst member states on economic, social, cultural, technical and scientific fronts.
(iv) promotion of mutual trusts and understanding.
(v) stimulating regional cooperation.
(vi) suppression of terrorism and smuggling of drugs.
(vii) strengthening postal services and tele- communications.
Q.5. Write a short note on India’s role in the United Nations. (V. Imp.)
Ans: India has played a significant role in the maintenance of world peace.
Its four main achievements are given above:
(i) India has always extended cooperation with the United Nations.
(ii) India has sent its armed forces many times at many places on the requests of the Security Council to maintain the world peace.
(iii) India has cordial and friendly relations with almost all the countries of the world.
(iv) India is a staunch believer of the principles of Panchsheel and it acts upon these principles.
Q. 6. What do you understand by foreign policy of a country? Write two main objectives of foreign policy.
Ans: The principles on the basis of which a state regulates its relations with other states is called Foreign policy’. All policy decisions concerning a country’s relation with other countries and about major international issues are called its foreign policy.
The basic principles of Indian foreign policy are:
1. Non-alignment and support of disarmament.
2. Faith in international cooperation.
3. To help the slave countries in their struggles for freedom.
4. Faith in Panchsheel.
5. Use of atomic energy for peaceful purposes.
6. Opposition to imperialism, colonialism and racialism.
Q. 7. What do you understand by the term non-alignment? Mention the names of founder nations of the Non- Alignment Movement.
Ans: Non-alignment means a policy of not belonging to any military blocks. This is the policy of free India formulated by India’s first Prime Minister Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru. This policy is based on the principle of peaceful co-existence.
The policy of non-alignment is not inactive and negative. It simply means that India is free to take her own stand on world issues. She would not toe the whims of the big powers.
The founding nations of NAM were India, Yugoslavia and Egypt.
Q. 8. Why has India adopted the the policy of non-alignment? (V. Imp)
Ans: India under the government of Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru, decided not to join any of the military blocs. He formulated the policy of non-alignment, based on the principle of co- existence. India’s policy of non-alignment is positive and vital. It prevents India from being caught in the web of world politics. It gives opportunity to India to develop and strengthen her position. Had India joined any of the power blocs, her progress would have been hampered and it was not possible to maintain cordial relations with all the nations. The policy of non- alignment has helped India in securing foreign aids for her development and progress.
Q. 9. When was the United Nations founded? Mention its aims. (V. Imp.)
Ans: The United Nations Organization is an international organization. It was founded on 24th October, 1945 A.D. soon after the Second World War came to an end. Unprecedented destructions caused by the World Wars compelled the right thinking people to save the universe from the catastrophe of another World War. It was in these conditions that the world organization-The United Nations was born.
Its aims are as follows:
1. To establish international peace and security and to take immediate steps to avert wars.
2. To ensure universal peace, goodwill and cooperation among nations for the welfare of mankind.
3. To promote economic, social, cultural and human relationship at international level.
4. To promote and encourage relations among different countries to achieve the objectives and to act as a center to achieve success in them.
Q. 10. State the five principles of Panchsheel.
Ans: The five principles of Panchsheel are as follows:
(i) Mutual respect for each other’s territorial integrity and sovereignty.
(ii) Mutual non-aggression.
(iii) Mutual non-interference in each other’s internal affairs.
(iv) Equality and mutual benefit.
(v) Peaceful co-existence.
Q. 12. Name eminent Indians who held important positions in the United Nations.
Ans: India has been participating in the activities of the United Nations from the very beginning. Among the eminent Indians who have important positions were Jurists Shri B.N. Raju, Dr. Nagendra Singh, Justice P.N. Bhagwati, Mrs. Vijay Lakshmi Pandit, Dr. S. Radhakrishna occupied the highest position in the UNESCO. Shri Narasimhan has served as chief of the cabinet of the Secretary General.
Q. 13. Mention the names of organs of the United Nations. the six organs of the United Nations.
Ans: The six organs of United Nations are as follows:
(i) General Assembly.
(ii) The Security Council.
(iii) The Trusteeship Council.
(iv) Economic and Social Council.
(v) International Court of Justice.
(vi) The Secretariat.
Q. 14. Explain the meaning of VETO.
Ans: In the Security Council the USA, Russia, Britain, France and China are its permanent members. These five members have special powers known as veto powers. If any member uses its veto no decision can be taken on that issue.
Q. 15. Describe two ways by which India can create a peaceful environment in the world.
Ans: (1) India should try and take interest in world peace and to maintain cordial relations with all major powers the USA, Russia and China.
(2) On the issues like terrorism, friendship with them will be beneficial. Also, there is a lot of prospect for economic cooperation between India and these countries on a give and take basis.
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
Q. 1. Describe the influence of India’s freedom struggle on her foreign policy.
Ans: The commitment to peace in India’s foreign policy may be immediately traced to the history of our freedom struggle, fought under the leadership of M.K. Gandhi. The successful struggle led by him against the most powerful empire (the British empire) of that time became vital for its peaceful and non-violent nature. This strategy inspired freedom-loving people all over the world. In Independent India Gandhian thoughts inspired our leaders in shaping India’s approach to world affairs. The most prominent among them was India’s first Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru. He gave concrete shape to the aims and principles of our foreign policy with a view to making India a champion of world peace. Although the governments have changed at the national level, world peace has remained the main objective of India’s foreign policy.
Q. 2. How do we say that India’s approach to peace is comprehensive?
Ans: (1) Peace has been the main theme of our approach to the outside world for ages.
(2) India’s geographic location also influenced her approach to peace.
(3) The commitment to peace in India’s foreign policy may be immediately traced to the history of our freedom struggle, fought under the leadership of M.K. Gandhi. This strategy inspired freedom loving people all over the world, particularly in Asia and Africa. Martin Luther King in USA and Nelson Mandela in South Africa drew inspiration from the Gandhian thoughts inspired our leaders in shaping India’s approach to world affairs. Although the governments have changed at the national level world peace has remained the main objective of India’s foreign policy.
(4) To begin with our foreign policy is dedicated to the cause of world peace. This mission has been pursued by taking active and positive position on international problems without surrendering our freedom of decisions to any foreign power.
Q. 3. Explain the problem of terrorism and suggest the best way to fight it.
Ans: I. Problem of Terrorism: Today terrorism has emerged as the biggest danger to world peace Terrorism indulge in brutal, and violent acts to create fear among the common people by targeting public facilities like railways, airplanes, buildings, etc. They also wish to draw attention to their “cause” through such violent activities.
Terrorism as a menace is not new. India has been a victim of terrorism for the last 20 years. Terrorists dramatically executed attacks on the USA in September 2001, it has become clear that even the most powerful country cannot feel secure against terrorist attack.
II. The best way: to fight terrorism is to start a joint effort to fight it by all major and small powers.
Q. 5. What are the functions of the United Nations General Assembly?
Ans: The General Assembly is the main organ of the United Nations.
Its functions are:
(i) To initiate studies and make recommendations to promote international cooperation.
(ii) To encourage progressive development of international law.
(iii) To consider principles governing disarmament and the regulation of armament.
(iv) To elect the ten non-permanent members of the Security Council, the members of the Economic and Social Council, the Judges of the International Court of Justice and the Secretary General of the United Nations.
(v) To approve the United Nations budget.
Q. 6. What are the functions of the ILO, UNESCO, WHO?
Ans: 1. International Labour Organization (ILO): The main functions of International Labour Organization is to look after and safeguard the rights and interests of the labours of all the countries of the world. International Labour Organization tries to ensure that the conditions of work for the laborers are improved and standardized.
2. United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO): UNESCO co-operates with various nations in the development of their. education, science and culture. It takes steps to increasing the feeling of internationalism among the children in every country. It has framed rules for the preservation of old monuments in various countries. This agency of the United Nations is trying to end illiteracy from African countries.
3. World Health Organization (WHO): The WHO helps in maintaining health standards by distributing medicines and vaccines etc. It helps with modern eradicated programmes.
Q. 7. Explain the main features of India’s foreign policy.
Ans: The main features of India’s foreign policy are as follows:
1. Friendly relations with other countries: The main objective of India’s foreign policy is to maintain friendly relations with all the countries of the world and particularly with the neighboring countries. Due to this policy India is having very good and friendly relations with almost all the countries of the world and even with the super powers USA and Russia. India has friendly relations with all its neighbors.
2. Opposition to the policy of colour and discrimination: India has always favoured the abolition of colour based differences. India has always raised the questions of the racial discrimination followed by the government of South Africa.
3. Opposition of imperialism: India wants peace. It avoids war, so Indian leaders, by visiting other countries and delivering speeches in United Nations have tried to liberate slave countries from the clutches of imperialistic countries. India has always supported the national movements in the slave countries. Whenever imperialism tried to dominate, India strongly opposed it.
Q.8. What has been India’s role in the United Nations?
Ans: India was among the 51 countries to sign the United Nations Charter since then, it has actively supported the United Nations.
(i) In 1950, North Korea attacked South Korea. Forces of 16 nations were sent to restrain the onslaught on South Korea. India took part in the military action.
(ii) India acted as Chairman of the International Commission set up to supervise the ceasefire in Indo-China.
(iii) India condemned Britain and France for their invasion of the Suez Canal. India sent her army contingents to Congo to control the civil war.
(iv) India played a special role in ensuring that communist China got entry into the United Nations.
(v) India provided officials to the United Nations Angola Mission.
(vi) India has strongly pursued the cause of disarmament.
