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NCERT Class 9 Arts Important Chapter 6 Music and Us
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Music and Us
Chapter: 6
| IMPORTANT QUESTION ANSWER |
Short Questions Answer
1. According to the Saṅgītaratnākara, what is the foundation of the entire world and language?
Ans: The world and language are based on nāda (sound), which manifests letters, words, and sentence.
2. Which two musicologists are credited with giving classical music a systematic and scientific understanding?
Ans: V.N. Bhatkhande and Venkatmakhi.
3. In classical music, what dictates the unique tunes of various rāgas?
Ans: The specific number of notes and the resulting patterns, which are known as jātis.
4. What defines a musical “genre” or vidhā?
Ans: A genre is a category of music defined by its characteristic features, instruments used, style of singing, rhythms, and geographical origins.
5. What is the term used to describe a specific style of presentation within a broader musical genre?
Ans: It is referred to as śhailī.
6. Which famous musician lost his voice to tuberculosis at age 23 but refined his music by actively listening to nature and folk songs?
Ans: Kumar Gandharva.
7. In a traditional Indian song structure, what is the chorus called?
Ans: The chorus is called the pallavī or sthāyī.
8. What are the verses that follow the chorus known as?
Ans: The verses are known as charaṇas or antarās.
9. What are the three broad categories of music in India?
Ans: Classical/Semi-Classical, Folk/Indigenous/Regional, and Popular/Film Music.
10. Which music category relies heavily on a rāga-based melodic system and places a strong emphasis on improvisation?
Ans: Classical/Semi-Classical Music.
11. How is traditional folk music typically passed down from one generation to the next?
Ans: It is transmitted orally.
12. Which famous patriotic song celebrated its 150th anniversary in the year 2025?
Ans: Vande Mātaram.
13. How many traditional emotions are described in Indian musical treatises?
Ans: There are nine emotions, collectively known as the navarasa.
14. In the context of the navarasa, what does Śhṛiṅgāra represent?
Ans: It represents love.
15. What emotion does a powerful musical rhythm typically inspire according to the navarasa?
Ans: A powerful rhythm can inspire vīra rasa, which represents courage.
16. What is the therapeutic use of melodies, rhythms, and sounds to improve mental health and reduce stress called?
Ans: Music therapy.
17. Why is folk music considered an important community tool beyond just entertainment?
Ans: Folk music is intimately related to community traditions and often serves as a storehouse of traditional knowledge.
18. The “Hashei Bu Bu-Ow” is a traditional seed-sowing song belonging to which state and tribe?
Ans: It belongs to the Yingli Phom tribe of Nagaland.
19. According to the Nagaland folk song, during which month do farmers prepare their new jhum (agricultural) land?
Ans: They prepare the land in the Ketnyiü month, which corresponds to December.
20. What is “Kala Utsav”?
Ans: It is an annual festival of arts organized by NCERT under the Ministry of Education to showcase the artistic talent of secondary-level students.
Long Answer Type Questions
1. Explain the three main categories into which Indian music is broadly classified.
Ans: Indian music is primarily divided into three distinct but sometimes overlapping categories:
Classical/Semi-Classical Music: This encompasses ancient and living traditions that rely on a melodic system based on rāgas and rhythmic cycles called tālas, with a heavy emphasis on live improvisation.
Folk/Indigenous/Regional Music: This consists of community-based expressions deeply rooted in regional languages, customs, and daily life. It is transmitted orally across generations and is closely linked to everyday activities, festivals, and rituals.
Popular/Film Music: This category is hybrid in nature, freely borrowing from a variety of both Indian and global musical influences to reflect contemporary themes and trends.
2. Describe the concept of navarasa and how music interacts with our emotions.
Ans: Indian treatises explain that human emotions can be categorized into nine primary feelings, known as the navarasa. These consist of Śhṛiṅgāra (love), vīra (courage), karuṇa (compassion), hāsya (joy), raudra (anger), bhayānaka (fear), bībhatsa (disgust), adbhuta (wonder), and Śhānta (peace). Music has the unique power to awaken these distinct rasas within a listener. For example, choosing to listen to a calm, soothing melody can induce a state of Śhānta (peace), while listening to strong, powerful rhythms can inspire vīra (courage), allowing us to gently guide and manage our emotions.
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