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NCERT Class 9 Arts Important Chapter 10 Components of Dance
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Components of Dance
Chapter: 10
| IMPORTANT QUESTION ANSWER |
Short Questions Answer
1. What does the phrase “Nitya Nūtana aur Purātana” mean in the context of dance?
Ans: It means that dance is simultaneously ancient yet can always bring newness.
2. What is Sauṣhṭhava in dance?
Ans: It is the ideal, poised stance of a dancer where the body is held upright, balanced, and alert, with the ears, shoulders, and waist aligned in a single vertical line.
3. How is Rekhā defined?
Ans: Rekhā refers to the linear or curved forms created through the coordination, stretching, or bending of different body parts during a dance.
4. What does Rūpa refer to in a dancer’s performance?
Ans: Rūpa is the dancer’s disposition, reflecting joy or any emotion through bright, expressive eyes and a pleasant face.
5. What are the common rhythmic cycles (tāla) used in Indian dances?
Ans: The basic rhythmic patterns are based on cycles of 3, 4, 5, 7, and 9 beats.
6. What are the three basic types of tempo (laya)?
Ans: The three basic tempos are slow, medium, and fast.
7. What is Nṛitta?
Ans: Nṛitta is pure, non-narrative dance that serves as an expression of joy and beauty through physical movements, without conveying any specific story or meaning.
8. What is Nṛitya?
Ans: Nṛitya is a dance that narrates a story or expresses a meaning by blending pure dance (nṛitta) with expressive communication (abhinaya).
9. What are the four types of expressive communication (Chaturvidha Abhinaya)?
Ans: The four types are āṅgika (body gestures), vāchika (speech/vocals), āhārya (costumes and make-up), and sāttvika (mental states/emotions).
10. What does Āṅgika Abhinaya involve?
Ans: It involves using the physical body, such as the limbs and body gestures, for expressive communication.
11. Give an example of Vāchika Abhinaya.
Ans: Using spoken words, poetry, live singing, or rhythmic syllables to support the dance is Vāchika Abhinaya.
12. What does Āhārya Abhinaya consist of?
Ans: It consists of utilizing external appearances like costumes, jewellery, make-up, and stage props to create a character and mood.
13. What props do dancers use in the traditional Kolī dance of Maharashtra?
Ans: The dancers use oars and fishing nets as props to depict the rowing of boats and casting of nets.
14. What is the essence of Sāttvika Abhinaya?
Ans: It is an immersive enactment where the dancer uses a concentrated mind to project deep, genuine inner feelings and emotions (sattva) to the audience.
15. Who directed the first Indian dance film, and what was its name?
Ans: The legendary creative dancer Uday Shankar made the first dance film, Kalpana, in 1948.
16. Which prominent dance maestro revived and popularized the Odissi dance form?
Ans: Kelucharan Mohapatra, who was also the first individual to receive the Padma Vibhushan from Odisha.
17. Who is Kanak Rele, and what was her other profession besides dance?
Ans: Kanak Rele was a pioneer of Mohiniyattam who, in addition to being a dancer, academician, and scholar, was also a lawyer.
18. Which prominent dancer played a pivotal role in bringing the Sattriya dance onto the modern stage?
Ans: Jatin Goswami brought the dance out of the Vaishnavite monasteries (sattrās) of Assam to national and international stages.
19. What do women balance on their heads during the Javārā-nṛitya of Madhya Pradesh?
Ans: They dance while balancing pots containing millet shoots on their heads.
20. Which recent popular movies featured the traditional dances Bhangra and Garba?
Ans: Jab We Met featured Bhangra, and Hellaro featured Garba.
Long Answer Type Questions
1. Explain the concept of Chaturvidha Abhinaya and its four classifications.
Ans: In Indian dance, the method of beautifully and meaningfully expressing the main idea of a performance to the audience is known as abhinaya.
Abhinaya is divided into four main categories, collectively called Chaturvidha Abhinaya:
Āṅgika Abhinaya: Communicating emotions and ideas using physical body gestures, such as the hands, limbs, and overall body movements.
Vāchika Abhinaya: Expressing meaning through verbal elements. This includes using spoken words, poetry, live singing, and music to support the visual dance.
Āhārya Abhinaya: Communicating a character or mood through visual appearance, which relies on costumes, make-up, jewellery, and stage props.
Sāttvika Abhinaya: The deepest form of acting, derived from sattva (purity and harmony). The dancer projects distilled, genuine inner emotions through a concentrated mind, allowing the audience to feel the same emotion and experience aesthetic enjoyment (rasa).
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