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NCERT Class 12 Sociology Chapter 12 Globalisation and Social Change
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Globalisation and Social Change
Chapter: 12
PART – II: SOCIAL CHANGE AND DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA
TEXTUAL QUESTIONS ANSWERS
1. Choose any topic that is of interest to you and discuss how you think globalisation has affected it. You could choose cinema, work, marriage or any other topic.
Ans: Let’s discuss how globalisation has affected the cinema:
(i) The effect of globalisation on cinema is far reaching. It affects us, on culture, our modes of behaviour, mode of thinking, etc. but affects us differently while for, some it may mean new pattern and opportunities of culture, music, dance, etc. but for others the challenge for their own style of music for identity of culture, for own dance, etc.
(ii) Sociology studies the social or cultural outcomes of globalisation. With the opening up of the market and expulsion of limitations to the import of numerous items we have a lot more items from various comers of the world in our local shops.
(iii) Children films cartoon films comedies social and love films are produced in several languages side by side. Film festivals and film promotion shows are being screened in different countries. 5.Music dance forms styles of presentations natural and other scenes filmy sets are mutually exchanged and are impressing minds of the concerned people of the film industry on universal level.
(iv) Advancement in IT (Information Technology), photography, musical instrument, cameras etc. had definitely positive effects on cinema due to globalisation. It has opened more wider and larger markets for film producers and even for people to enjoy more films of their own choices and likings.
2. What are the distinctive features of a globalised economy? Discuss.
Ans: The Distinctive Features of a Global Economy:
(i) Globalisation refers to the growing interdependence between different peoples, regions and countries in the world as social and economic relationship come to stretch world-wide.
(ii) Although economic forces are an integral part of globalisation, it would be wrong to suggest that they alone produce it.
(iii) Since July 1991 the Indian economy has witnessed a series of reforms in all major sectors of the economy agriculture industry trade foreign investment and technology public sector financial institutions etc. The basic assumption was that greater integration into the global market would be beneficial to Indian economy.
(iv) In India the state decided to bring several changes in its economic policy in 1991. These changes are termed as liberalisation policies. Since then globalisation involves a stretching of social and economic relationship throughout the world. This stretching is pushed by certain economic policies very broadly this process in India is termed liberalisation. The term liberalisation refers to policy of decisions that the Indian state took since 1991 to open up the Indian economy to the world market. This market a break with an earlier stated policy of the government to have a greater control over the economy.
(v) Hie process of liberalisation also involved the taking of loans from international institutions such as the International Monetary Fund IMF. These loans are given on certain conditions. The government makes commitments to pursue certain kind of economic measures that involve a policy of structural adjustments.
(vi) It has been driven forward above all by the development of information and communication technologies that have intensified the speed and scope of interaction between people all over the world.
3. Briefly discuss the impact of globalisation on culture.
Ans: The impact of globalisation on culture:
(i) Cultural Homogenization: Cultural homogenization refers to the process by which local or regional cultures become more similar or even identical to each other as a result of globalisation and the spread of dominant cultural values, practices, and products.
(ii) Cultural Diversity: While there is a trend towards homogenization, globalisation also fosters cultural diversity by facilitating the exchange of ideas, traditions, and beliefs among different societies. This cultural exchange enriches global cultural landscapes with new perspectives and innovations.
(iii) Media and Communication: Media and Communication is an international, peer-reviewed open access journal dedicated to a wide variety of basic and applied research in communication and its related fields.
(iv) Hybridization and Fusion: Hybridization and fusion in the context of culture refer to the blending of elements from different cultural backgrounds to create new and innovative forms of expression. This phenomenon is a direct result of globalisation, where increased interconnectedness allows for the exchange of ideas, practices, and values across borders.
(v) Cultural Identity: Cultural identity refers to the sense of belonging and attachment that individuals or groups feel towards a particular culture or cultural heritage. It encompasses the customs, traditions, beliefs, language, values, and artistic expressions that define and distinguish a community’s way of life.
(vi) Consumerism and Cultural Commodification: Globalisation has fueled consumerism and the commodification of culture, where cultural products are marketed and consumed as commodities.
(vii) Challenges and Resilience: Challenges and resilience are integral aspects of cultural identity, reflecting how communities navigate adversity while preserving and evolving their heritage.
4. What is globalisation? Is it simply a market strategy adopted by multinational companies or is genuine cultural synthesis taking place? Discuss.
Ans: Globalisation refers to the integration of global economics, industries, markets, culture and policies making around the world free from socio-political control and reduces distances between regions/countries through a global network of trade, communication, immigration, and transportation.
Market strategy: Globalisation can be seen as a market strategy adopted by multinational companies to expand their operations into foreign markets. This can involve foreign direct investment, global sourcing, and offshoring.
Cultural synthesis: Globalisation can also be seen as a process of cultural synthesis, where global and local elements converge. This can lead to the spread of great ideas, scientific discoveries, and new forms of thinking. However, it can also lead to the homogenization of cultures, where local traditions and values are superseded by foreign ones.
