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Class 8 Social Science Geography Chapter 2 Population Growth and Distribution
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Population Growth and Distribution
Chapter – 2
| Exercise |
(a) Which area has the maximum population.
(i) Equatorial region.
(ii) North pole.
(iii) East Asia.
(iv) Sahara desert in Africa.
Ans: (iii) East Asia.
(b) Which continent has the highest population.
(i) Europe.
(ii) Africa.
(iii) Asia.
(iv) Australia.
Ans: (iii) Asia.
(c) The population of Assam in 2011.
(i) 2.24 crore.
(ii) 3.12 crore.
(iii) 2.35 crore.
(iv) 2.46. crore.
Ans: (i) 2.24 crore.
(d) Which of the continents named below does’t have permanent human settlement.
(i) Asia.
(ii) South America.
(iii) Antarctica.
(iv) Europe.
Ans: (iii) Antarctica.
2. Fill in the blanks.
(a) Population growth refers to increase _________ of population.
Ans: In number.
(b) Majority of the soll’s total population live in the _________ hemisphere.
Ans: Northern.
(c) The number of people living per square kilometre area of a place is called the _________ of that place.
Ans: Population density.
(d) The number of people Living of that place In per square kilometre area of a place is called the place of ___________.
Ans: Migration.
(d) When people move into a new place and settle down in that place, it is called the place of ______________.
Ans: Colonisation.
3. Write short notes on.
(a) Human Resource Development.
Ans: Population growth refers to the change in the number of people during a specific period of time. For example the total population of Assam according to the 2001 census was 2,66,38,407, It became 3.41.69,272 in 2011. Hence, population growth within a span of ten years from 2001 to 2011 was 45,30,865. Such a type of increase in population during a specific time period is called absolute growth. Population growth takes place when there is no occurrence of death due to some epidemic or disaster or if a large number of people migrate to some other place for some reason. Rapid growth of population in a country will create problems such as shortage of food, shortage of drinking water, price rise, browsing problem, education, health problem, etc. At the same time, more pressure will be exerted on the existing natural resources. As a result, only the environment gets damaged and also the availability of resources for future use becomes very uncertain. The scenario is evident in countries like Ethiopia, Somalia, etc.
(b) Population Concentration.
Ans: Area wise population distribution can be dense, medium or thin. In ancient times, many human civilizations originated along the river valleys. The population pattern was clustered in such areas. Generally the soil of the river valleys and coastal plains is fertile and suitable for agriculture. Moreover, such areas have adequate water for industry, rantoul husbandry, etc. Here settlement pattern is dense arid the number of towns are more due to facilities such as fishing anal cheaper means of transport. Normalis, when the settlement patten is very dense in a place due to natural or human factors, it is known as population concentration.
(c) Population Explosion.
Ans: World population has increased steadily since the time of origin of man and reached the present position. Loss of human life due to occurrence of natural disasters, epidemics, etc. at different points of time did not lead to a decrease in the growing population, Earlier vacant spaces are now filled with human occupation. World population reached almost 50 crores during the mid 1700 century. In the subsequent time, the death rate was reduced with improved health services that helped to control epidemics and cure various diseases. As a result, there was a rapid increase in population since the beginning of the 19th century. Such a sudden change in population is called population explosion. World population started increasing at a rapid rate from 1950 AD, onwards and stood at 613 crores in 2001 and 669 crores in 2008.
India ranks second in the world in terms of population. In 2008 India’s population was 114 crores. It became 121.1 crores in 2011 ,in 2020 the population is almost 136 crores. In the year 1951, the population density per sq. km was 117 persons and 313 persons in 2001. Population density increased to 382 persons in 2011 and 464 persons in 2020. Hence, it is evident that the population in India has been increasing rapidly. Population of Assam in 1901 was 32 lakhs. In 1961, it became 1.08 crores and almost 3.12 crores in 2011. Density of population per sq km was 41 persons in the year 1901 and became 397 persons in 2011. Imagine the future of this world with limited resources faced with such an increase in population or population explosion! But the geographical areas of Assam from 1901 decreased much till 2011, as many new states were formed from Assam. Now, think what will happen to our earth with limited resources in the future if population increases in such a manner.
The population explosion has become the major obstacle in the progress of the developing nations. As a result, different problems evolve such as ecological imbalance, food scarcity, slow progress, price rise of commodities, unemployment, shortage of housing facilities, education and health problems, etc.
4. Explain (in 80 words)
(a) What is population migration? What are its causes? What are the Consequences of Population migration?
Ans: Population migration refers to the relatively permanent movement of individuals, families, and groups to new geographical locations. Distinguished from shorter-distance residential mobility, which is dominated by housing-related moves, migration tends to be over longer distances, either within or between nations.
The causes are mentioned below:
(i) Economic Growth: Migrants often contribute to the economy through labour, entrepreneurship, and consumer spending.
(ii) Cultural Diversity: Migration enriches cultural diversity, bringing new ideas, traditions, and perspectives to societies.
Migration resulted in various demographic consequences like the increased population in the area of destination and decreased population in the area of origin, change in the composition of age and sex of the origin and destiny population.
