Class 8 Social Science Economics Chapter 2 Problems of Human Resource Development and Role of Government

Class 8 Social Science Economics Chapter 2 Problems of Human Resource Development and Role of Government Question Answer to each chapter is provided in the list so that you can easily browse throughout different chapter SEBA Class 8 Social Science Economics Chapter 2 Problems of Human Resource Development and Role of Government Notes Pdf Download and select needs one.

Class 8 Social Science Economics Chapter 2 Problems of Human Resource Development and Role of Government

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Problems of Human Resource Development and Role of Government

Chapter – 2

Exercise

1. Write a short answer.

(a) What are the obstacles of human resources development?

Ans: The obstacles of human resources development are mentioned below:

(i) Lack of Education and Skills: Insufficient education and training can hinder individuals from contributing effectively to economic and social development.

(ii) Poverty and Economic Constraints: Economic disparities and poverty can restrict access to education, healthcare, and other essential resources needed for development.

(iii) Discrimination and Social Barriers: Discrimination based on gender, ethnicity, or socio-economic status can limit opportunities for certain groups to access education and participate fully in economic activities.

(b) Name any three types of inequalities.

Ans: Three types of inequalities are mentioned below: 

(i) social Inequality: Differences in opportunities, treatment, and outcomes experienced by individuals or groups based on social characteristics such as race, gender, ethnicity, or socio-economic status.

(ii) Economic Inequality: Disparities in income, wealth, and economic opportunities among individuals or groups within a society.

(iii) Health Inequality: Variations in health outcomes and access to healthcare services based on factors such as income, education, geographic location, or ethnicity.

(c) How many medical colleges are there in Assam at present.

Ans: 13.

(d) Where is the National Institutes of Technology of Assam located.

Ans: The National Institute of Technology (NIT) in Assam is located in Silchar.

(e) What is necessary for a healthy body?

Ans: Proper nutrition, regular exercise, adequate sleep, and good mental health are necessary for a healthy body.

2. Discuss:

(a) Some significant suggestions for removing the obstacles of human resources development.

Ans: The significant suggestions for removing the obstacles  of human resources development are mentioned below: 

(i) Investment in Education: Enhance access to quality education at all levels, from primary education to vocational and higher education. This includes improving infrastructure, teacher training, and curriculum development.

(ii) Skills Development Programs: Implement training programs that equip individuals with relevant skills demanded by the job market, focusing on both technical and soft skills.

(iii) Promotion of Employment Opportunities: Foster an environment conducive to job creation through supportive policies for entrepreneurship, small businesses, and industries that can absorb skilled labour.

(iv) Addressing Economic Disparities: Implement policies to reduce poverty and income inequality, such as social safety nets, fair wages, and inclusive economic growth strategies.

(v) Healthcare Access: Improve access to healthcare services, particularly in rural and marginalised communities, to enhance overall health outcomes and workforce productivity.

(b) Role of government in human resource development. 

Ans: Role of government in human resource development are mentioned below:

(i) Employment Opportunities: Through economic policies and labour market regulations, the government creates a conducive environment for job creation. This includes promoting entrepreneurship, supporting small and medium enterprises (SMEs), and attracting investments that generate employment.

(ii) Skill Development Programs: Governments often run vocational training and skill development programs to enhance employability. These programs are designed to meet the needs of various industries and include training in both technical and soft skills.

(iii) Education sector: Right to education is our fundamental right. Development of human resources is impossible without the development of education.

(c) Relation between poverty and human resources.

Ans: Human resource development can be viewed as an aspect or subset of HRM, except with much greater emphasis on training and development. The primary objective of HRD is to enhance an organisation’s capabilities in relation to present and future demands.

(d) How does illiteracy prevent human resource development?

Ans: Higher literacy rates lead to increased innovation and productivity, contributing to long-term economic development 2. Literacy also plays a crucial role in improving people’s lives, enabling them to escape poverty and gain independence in education and careers. Illiteracy significantly impedes the progress of a community on multiple fronts. Lack of literacy skills hinders individuals from accessing education, limiting their ability to acquire knowledge and skills essential for personal and economic development. This creates a cycle of poverty as illiterate individuals often face limited employment opportunities and reduced earning potential.

In terms of healthcare, illiteracy hampers the understanding of medical information, preventive measures, and adherence to treatment plans, resulting in poorer health outcomes. Additionally, illiteracy restricts civic participation as individuals may struggle to comprehend political information, impeding their ability to make informed decisions and engage in democratic processes. On an economic level, illiteracy diminishes productivity and innovation, as individuals struggle with basic tasks and adapting to technological advancements. This, in turn, hinders community development and global competitiveness. Breaking the cycle of illiteracy is crucial for empowering individuals, fostering economic growth, improving health outcomes, and promoting active civic engagement, collectively driving the progress of the community.

(e) How does superstitions and social talevils influence in Human resources development?

Ans: The superstitions and social talevils influence in Human resources development are mentioned below: 

(i) Education and Skill Development:

(a) Access to Education: Superstitions and taboos may restrict certain groups, especially marginalised or minority communities, from accessing formal education. For example, beliefs that prioritise early marriage for girls can prevent them from completing their education.

(b) Curriculum Restrictions: Some superstitions may influence educational content, limiting exposure to scientific or critical thinking subjects deemed taboo or controversial.

(ii) Employment Opportunities:

(a) Occupational Restrictions: Superstitions and taboos can dictate occupational choices and limit career options. For instance, certain occupations may be considered “unclean” or “inauspicious,” affecting recruitment and employment opportunities.

(b) Discrimination: Beliefs and superstitions can perpetuate discrimination based on gender, caste, ethnicity, or other factors, thereby limiting access to equal employment opportunities and career progression.

3. Fill in the blanks:

(a) The basic necessities are for human resource development ____________ heath and civic amenities.

Ans: Include.

(b) _______________ are easily exploited.

Ans: Natural resources.

(c) Right to Education was adopted in _____________.

Ans: 2009.

(d) The schemes and projects taken up and implemented by government __________ resource development.

Ans: promote.

(e) It is the main duty of the government to provide proper educational_______________.

Ans: Facilities.