Class 8 Social Science Economics Chapter 1 Human Resources Development its Indicatore and Role of Vocational Education

Class 8 Social Science Economics Chapter 1 Human Resources Development its Indicatore and Role of Vocational Education Question Answer to each chapter is provided in the list so that you can easily browse throughout different chapter SEBA Class 8 Social Science Economics Chapter 1 Human Resources Development its Indicatore and Role of Vocational Education Notes Pdf Download and select needs one.

Class 8 Social Science Economics Chapter 1 Human Resources Development its Indicatore and Role of Vocational Education

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Human Resources Development its Indicatore and Role of Vocational Education

Chapter – 1

1. Write short Answer.

(a) How does high literacy rate determine human development?

Ans: Literacy has a significant impact on the economic development of individuals and communities. It is a fundamental tool that empowers people to access information and opportunities for better jobs, higher income, and improved quality of life.

(b) What is life expectancy?

Ans: Life expectancy at a given age represents the average number of years of life remaining if a group of persons at that age were to experience the mortality rates for a particular year over the course of their remaining life.

(c) State whether high or low immunisation rate is required for human resource development?

Ans: Do yourself.

1. Write a short Answer:

(a) What is human resource?

Ans: Human resources is aptly named because people, similar to equipment or supplies, are an asset that businesses depend upon to achieve their objectives. In fact, of all the resources available to employers, employees are usually considered the most valuable.

(b) Who contributes to the production activities of a nation?

Ans: The contributes in the production actives of a nation are mentioned below: 

(i) Households: Supply labour, capital, land, and entrepreneurship. Households are consumers but also provide the factors of production.

(ii) Firms: Organise production by combining inputs (labour, capital, land, and entrepreneurship) to produce goods and services.

(iii) Government: Provides public goods and services, regulates economic activities, and may also engage directly in production through state-owned enterprises.

(c) What is meant by indicators of human resource development?

Ans: The Human Development Index (HDI) is the main measurement of human development, characterised by 3 indicators (health, education, and standard of living). Levels of health and life expectancy can vary between and within countries. Education is important for human capital.

(d) What is vocational education?

Ans: Vocational education refers to the training provided to individuals to equip them with specific skills and knowledge related to a particular trade or profession. This type of education focuses on practical training and hands-on experience, preparing students for a wide range of careers in various industries.

(e) What are the main driving forces of human resource”.

Ans: The main driving forces of human resource” are mentioned below:

(i) Talent Acquisition and Retention: Attracting and retaining skilled employees is crucial for organisational success. Effective recruitment and retention strategies ensure that the organisation has the necessary talent to meet its goals.

(ii) Training and Development: Continuous learning and development opportunities help employees enhance their skills, stay updated with industry trends, and improve their performance, contributing to the organisation’s overall productivity.

(iii) Employee Engagement and Motivation: Engaged and motivated employees are more productive, committed, and likely to stay with the organisation. HR practices that foster a positive work environment, recognize achievements, and provide meaningful work contribute to higher employee engagement.

2. Discuss in detail.

(a) Measures to be taken for development of human resource.

Ans: The development of human resources are mentioned below: 

(i) Education and Training:

(a) Formal Education: Strengthening the educational system from primary to tertiary levels to ensure access to quality education.

(ii) Health and Well-being:

(a) Healthcare Access: Ensuring access to quality healthcare services to maintain a healthy workforce.

(iii) Economic Policies:

(a) Job Creation Programs: Implementing policies and programs that create employment opportunities, particularly in emerging industries.

(b) Indicators of human resource development.

Ans: Human Development Indicators, issued annually by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), provide broad measures of well-being across three data dimensions: life expectancy, education and purchasing power parity.

(c) Relationship between human resource development and vocational education.

Ans: The relationship between resources development and vocational education are mentioned below: 

(i) Skill Development: Vocational education provides specific skills and practical knowledge required for various trades and professions, directly contributing to the development of a skilled workforce.

(ii) Employment Opportunities: By aligning educational programs with industry needs, vocational education enhances employability and ensures that individuals possess the competencies demanded by the labour market.

(iii) Economic Growth: A well-trained workforce drives productivity and economic growth. Vocational education helps bridge the gap between education and employment, supporting economic development.

(iv) Lifelong Learning: HRD promotes lifelong learning, and vocational education plays a vital role in this by offering opportunities for individuals to reskill and upskill throughout their careers.

(d) How does vocational education help in reducing unemployment problem?

Ans: Vocational education equips individuals with specific skills required by industries. This makes them more employable. This leads to reduced unemployment rates and improves the overall labour market efficiency. A skilled workforce contributes to economic growth.

3. Write true or false:

(a) Increase in natural resources increases productivity of a nation.

Ans: True.

(b) Every individual is not a human resource.

Ans: True.

(c) Increase in population does not mean increase in human resource.

Ans: True.

(d) High life expectancy indicates underdeveloped human resource.

Ans: False.

(e) Increase in national income helps a country to be self-sufficient.

Ans: True.

(f) Infant mortality rate obstructs human resource development

Ans: True.

4. Fill in the blanks:

(a) One of the important factor of a country’s production is take part only _____________.

Ans:  when individuals are skilled and capable.

(b) ____________ increase in income of a country helps to become to every of human resource development.

Ans: Substantial .

(c) After attainment of higher education, it is not possible to __________ educated person.

Ans: Guarantee.

(d) ___________ education is the ___________ of resources development.

Ans: Skill-based and foundation.

(e) The vocational education does not make only human belong _______ it reduces  the unemployment problem by making men.

Ans: People employable.

5 Write short notes:

(a) Human resource.

Ans: The term ‘human resource’ serves to legitimise the employer-employee relationship by emphasising the importance of the employees as an asset to the organisation. It highlights the value of employees in achieving the goals of the organisation, and suggests that the employer has an obligation to invest in their success.

(b) Immunisation.

Ans: Immunization, also spelled as “immunisation” in some regions, is the process of administering a vaccine to stimulate the immune system of an individual to develop immunity to a specific disease. Vaccines contain weakened or killed forms of pathogens (like viruses or bacteria) or their toxins, which trigger the immune response without causing the disease. Immunisation is a critical public health measure that helps prevent infectious diseases, reduce morbidity and mortality rates, and contribute to overall community health by creating immunity among populations.

(c) Indicators of farman resource development.

Ans: Indicators of farman resource development are:

(i) Education and Training: Levels of literacy, enrollment in formal education, vocational training, and skill development programs.

(ii) Health and Well-being: Access to healthcare services, life expectancy, infant mortality rates, and overall health indicators.

(iii) Employment and Labor Market: Employment rates, unemployment rates, underemployment, job satisfaction, and labour force participation.

(iv) Income and Economic Opportunities: Average income levels, income distribution, poverty rates, and economic mobility.

(v) Social Inclusion and Equity: Gender equality, opportunities for marginalised groups, and social cohesion.

(d) Vocational Education: Vocational education, also known as career and technical education (CTE), focuses on equipping individuals with specific skills and knowledge required for particular trades or professions. Its primary aim is to prepare students for direct entry into the workforce by providing hands-on training and practical experience in various fields. Emphasising practical skills, vocational education tailors its curriculum to meet the demands of specific industries such as healthcare, information technology, automotive repair, and culinary arts. Graduates often find employment more quickly due to the high demand for skilled labour, contributing significantly to the economy by creating a competent workforce. Vocational education also offers an accessible alternative to traditional academic paths, supporting lifelong learning and skill development. However, challenges such as perception issues and the need for constant curriculum updates persist. Despite these challenges, vocational education remains a crucial pathway for many individuals, helping them to achieve career success and meet the ever-evolving needs of the job market.