Class 12 Economics Important Chapter 18 Environment and Sustainable Economic Development Solutions English Medium As Per The New Syllabus to each chapter is provided in the list so that you can easily browse through different chapters ASSEB Class 12 Economics Important Solutions in English and select need one. AHSEC Class 12 Economics Additional Notes Download PDF. HS 2nd Year Economics Additional Solutions.
Class 12 Economics Important Chapter 18 Environment and Sustainable Economic Development
Also, you can read the NCERT book online in these sections Solutions by Expert Teachers as per Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) Book guidelines. ASSEB Class 12 Economics Additional Question Answer are part of All Subject Solutions. Here we have given HS 2nd Year Economics Important Solutions English Medium for All Chapters, You can practice these here.
Environment and Sustainable Economic Development
Chapter: 18
| PART – B: INDIAN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT |
| IMPORTANT QUESTION AND ANSWER |
Short Questions and Answers:
1. What does the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 include in the term “environment”?
Ans: Water, air, land, and their interrelationships with humans, other living beings, plants, microorganisms, and property.
2. Name the four key functions of the environment.
Ans: Supplies resources, absorbs waste, sustains life, and provides aesthetic services.
3. What is meant by “carrying capacity” of the environment?
Ans: The maximum extraction and pollution the environment can handle without serious damage.
4. State the two conditions implied by carrying capacity.
Ans: Extraction ≤ regeneration; waste ≤ absorptive/assimilative capacity.
5. What is “absorptive capacity”?
Ans: The environment’s ability to absorb degradation/pollutants.
6. Give two examples of renewable resources from the notes.
Ans: Forests and fish.
7. Give two examples of non-renewable resources from the notes.
Ans: Coal and crude oil.
8. What key change causes an environmental crisis according to the “reversal of supply–demand” idea?
Ans: Demand for resources and sinks exceeds nature’s regeneration and absorption.
9. List two poverty-induced pressures on the environment.
Ans: Cutting trees for fuelwood and overuse of common lands.
10. List two affluence-related sources of pollution.
Ans: Motor vehicles and energy-intensive appliances (e.g., air conditioners).
11. Name two major causes of air pollution cited in the notes.
Ans: Industrial smoke/poisonous gases and vehicle emissions.
12. Name two major causes of water pollution cited in the notes.
Ans: Domestic sewage and industrial effluents (plus farm runoff).
13. What is land degradation?
Ans: Loss of land fertility due to soil erosion, waterlogging, deforestation, etc.
14. Which two Indian Acts are highlighted for environmental protection?
Ans: Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 and Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980.
15. What is the Brundtland (WCED) idea of sustainable development?
Ans: Meeting present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs.
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