SEBA Class 9 Agriculture Dairy Work Chapter 3 Livestock Housing System – I

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SEBA Class 9 Agriculture Dairy Work Chapter 3 Livestock Housing System – I

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Livestock Housing System – I

Chapter: 3

(A) Fill in the Blanks:

1. Animal housing or livestock housing refers to the __________ and facilities that are designed and built to provide ___________, protection, and a safe living environment for ___________ animals.

Ans: Structures, shelter, domesticated.

2. The primary objective of animal housing is to provide a __________ and safe environment for the animals.

Ans: Comfortable. 

3. The type of animal housing that is used depends on the _________ and size of the ___________.

Ans: Species, animals.

4. The design and construction of animal housing must consider various factors, such as __________, __________ and availability of ___________.

Ans: Climate, topography, resources.

5. Proper management practices are essential for maintaining animal health and _________.

Ans: Welfare.

6. ___________ systems allow animals to graze on open fields.

Ans: Pasture-based.

7. Feedlots are specialized facilities that are designed for ___________ and fattening livestock.

Ans: Finishing. 

(B) Give Short Answers:

1. What is a livestock housing?

Ans: Livestock housing refers to the structures and facilities that are designed and built to provide shelter, protection and a safe living environment for domesticated animals. 

2. What is the primary objective of animal housing?

Ans: The primary objective of animal housing is to provide a comfortable and safe environment for the animals, which includes adequate space, ventilation, lighting and temperature control.

3. What factors are important in construction of animal housing?

Ans: The factors that are important in construction of animal housing are:

(i) Adequate space.

(ii) Ventilation.

(iii) Lighting.

(iv) Temperature control.

(v) Clean water and feed.

(vi) Waste management.

(vii) Bedding.

(viii) Security and safety.

4. What are feedlots? 

Ans: Feedlots are specialized facilities that are designed for finishing and fattening livestock, such as cattle or pigs.

5. What are aviaries?

Ans: Aviaries are used for housing birds, such as chickens or turkeys, and provide a multi-level, open-air environment with perches and nesting areas.

6. What are barns?

Ans: Barns are enclosed structures that provide shelter and protection from the elements.

7. What is aquaculture system?

Ans: Aquaculture systems are used for housing aquatic animals, such as fish or shrimp, and can include tanks, raceways, or ponds.

(C) State True or False:

1. Animal housing can take many forms, ranging from simple shelters to complex barns and buildings. 

Ans: True.

2. Individual stalls or pens are used for animals that require individual housing. 

Ans: True.

3. Livestock housing should be designed to provide security and safety for the animals. 

Ans: True.

4. Pens are used for animals that does not require individual housing. 

Ans: False.

(D) Answer the Following Questions:

1. Why animal housing is important? 

Ans: Animal housing is an essential component of modern agriculture, and it plays a critical role in ensuring animal health and welfare, as well as productivity and efficiency. The primary objective of animal housing is to provide a comfortable and safe environment for the animals, which includes adequate space, ventilation, lighting and temperature control. The type of animal housing that is used depends on the species and size of the animals as well as the specific requirements for their health, growth and production. To provide a safe and comfortable living space for the animals, animal housing also facilitates management practices, such as feeding, watering, cleaning, and handling. Proper management practices are essential for maintaining animal health and welfare, as well as ensuring maximum productivity and efficiency.

2. Explain different types of animal housing.

Ans: There are several types of animal housing systems that are used in animal husbandry, depending on the type of animal, production goals, and environmental conditions. 

Here are some of the most common types of livestock housing: 

(i) Barns: Barns are enclosed structures that provide shelter and protection from the elements. They can be made of various materials, such as wood, concrete, or metal, and can be designed to accommodate different types of livestock, such as cows, pigs, or chickens. Barns may also have features such as feeders, waterers, and ventilation systems to provide a comfortable environment for the animals. 

(ii) Pasture-based systems: Pasture-based systems allow animals to graze on open fields and pastures, rather than being confined to an enclosed structure. This system is often used for grazing animals, such as cows, sheep, and goats, and can provide a natural and healthy environment for the animals. 

(iii) Feedlots: Feedlots are specialized facilities that are designed for finishing and fattening livestock, such as cattle or pigs. These facilities provide a high-density environment and are designed to maximize feed efficiency and weight gain. However, they can be controversial due to concerns about animal welfare and environmental impacts.

(iv) Free-range systems: Free-range systems provide animals with access to outdoor areas, but also have indoor housing available for shelter and protection. This system is often used for poultry and egg production, and can provide a balance between animal welfare and production efficiency. 

(v) Open housing systems: Open housing systems provide animals with outdoor access and shelter, but do not have walls or barriers. This system is often used for pigs and can provide a natural and comfortable environment for the animals.

(vi) Individual stalls or pens: Individual stalls or pens are used for animals that require individual housing, such as dairy cows or breeding animals. These stalls or pens are designed to provide a comfortable and secure environment for the animal, with features such as feeders, waterers, and bedding.

(vii) Aviaries: Aviaries are used for housing birds, such as chickens or turkeys, and provide a multi-level, open-air environment with perches and nesting areas. 

(viii) Aquaculture systems: Aquaculture systems are used for housing aquatic animals, such as fish or shrimp, and can include tanks, raceways, or ponds.

3. Write a note on different types of livestock housing?

Ans: There are several types of livestock housing systems that are used in animal husbandry, depending on the type of animal, production goals, and environmental conditions. Barns are enclosed structures made of wood, concrete, or metal, equipped with feeders, waterers, and ventilation. Pasture-based systems allow animals like cows, sheep, and goats to graze freely. Feedlots are high-density facilities for fattening livestock but raise animal welfare concerns. Free-range systems offer outdoor access with indoor shelter, commonly used in poultry farming. Open housing systems, often for pigs, provide shelter without full walls. Individual stalls or pens are designed for animals like dairy cows needing separate care. Aviaries provide multi-level, open spaces for birds like chickens and turkeys. Aquaculture systems house aquatic animals like fish and shrimp in tanks or ponds. Choosing the right housing system ensures animal health, safety, and productivity. 

4. What safety and security measures should be taken in building a livestock housing?

Ans: The safety and security measures should be taken in building a livestock housing are as follows: 

(i) Adequate space: Animals need sufficient space to move around, stand, and lie down comfortably. The amount of space required depends on the type and size of the animal. 

(ii) Ventilation: Proper ventilation is important to provide fresh air and remove moisture, dust, and odour. Adequate ventilation can help prevent respiratory problems and improve overall animal health. 

(iii) Lighting: Lighting is important for animal health and welfare, as it helps regulate their circadian rhythms and supports reproductive cycles and growth. Natural lighting is preferred, but artificial lighting can also be used to supplement natural light. 

(iv) Temperature control: Animals need to be kept at a comfortable temperature, depending on their species and the environmental conditions. This can be achieved through proper insulation, heating, or cooling systems. 

(v) Clean water and feed: Animals need access to clean water and adequate amounts of nutritious feed to maintain their health and productivity. Water and feed systems should be easily accessible, clean, and well-maintained

(vi) Waste management: Proper waste management is essential to prevent environmental pollution and reduce the risk of disease transmission. Livestock housing should be designed to collect and manage animal waste, such as manure, in an efficient and sanitary manner. 

(vii) Bedding: Bedding materials can help keep animals clean, dry, and comfortable. The type of bedding used depends on the animal species and the local availability of materials. 

(viii) Security and safety: Livestock housing should be designed to provide security and safety for the animals and the people who work with them. This includes fencing, gates, and locks to prevent unauthorized access, and emergency exits and fire suppression systems to prevent and manage emergencies.

5. State the differences between pasture based system and open housing system.

Ans: The differences between pasture based system and open housing system are the following: 

(A) Fill in the blanks:

1. Equipment and machinery used in animal housing systems to provide a __________, __________, and ____________ environment for the animals.

Ans: Safe, healthy  and productive.

2. Feeders and waterers can be _____________ or _____________.

Ans: Automatic or manual.

3. Proper _____________ management is essential to prevent environmental pollution. 

Ans: Manure.

4. Transportation is necessary for moving _____________, _____________ , and _____________ to and from the dairy farm.

Ans: Cows, feed, and milk.

5. Dairy farming requires careful ___________ and ___________ to ensure the health and welfare of the cows.

Ans: Planning and management.

6. Dairy farms need ___________ dairy breeds of cattle.

Ans: High-yielding.

7. Handling equipment can include __________, __________, and ___________ ramps.

Ans: Gates, chutes, and loading.

(B) State True or False:

1. Animal housing systems need to be regularly cleaned to maintain hygiene. 

Ans: True.

2. Adequate supply of clean water is not necessary for the cows to maintain their body temperature, digestion and milk production. 

Ans: False. 

3. Skilled labour is not required to manage the day-to-day operations of the dairy farm. 

Ans: False.

4. Bedding equipment is used to provide a comfortable and clean environment for the animals.

Ans: True.

(C) Short Answers Type Questions: 

1. What is a ventilation system?

Ans: Ventilation systems are designed to provide fresh air and remove excess moisture, heat, and odour from the animal housing environment. 

2. Name three high yielding cattle breeds.

Ans: The three high yielding cattle breeds are jersey, Brown Swiss, and Guernsey.

3. Why proper manure management system is important?

Ans: Proper manure management is essential to prevent environmental pollution and reduce the risk of disease transmission. 

4. What does feeds and fodders made of?

Ans: Feeds and fodders are mainly made from plant-based materials like grains, legumes, Hay, silage, grass.

(D) Answer the Following Questions: 

1. Explain the common equipment and machinery used in livestock housing.

Ans: There are various types of equipment and machinery used in animal housing systems to provide a safe, healthy, and productive environment for the animals. 

Here are some of the common equipment and machinery used in livestock housing: 

(a) Feeding equipment: This includes feeders and waterers, which are designed to provide a consistent supply of feed and water to the animals. Feeders and waterers can be automatic or manual, and can be designed for specific animal species, such as cattle, pigs, or chickens.

(b) Ventilation systems: These systems are designed to provide fresh air and remove excess moisture, heat, and odour from the animal housing environment. Ventilation systems can include fans, air inlets, and exhaust fans, and can be designed to regulate temperature and humidity levels. 

(c) Lighting systems: Proper lighting is essential for animal health and productivity. Lighting systems can include natural lighting, artificial lighting, or a combination of both, and can be designed to provide specific light wavelengths to support animal growth and reproduction. 

(d) Manure handling equipment: Proper manure management is essential to prevent environmental pollution and reduce the risk of disease transmission. Manure handling equipment includes systems for collecting, storing, and removing manure, such as manure pits, pumps, and spreaders. 

(e) Bedding equipment: Bedding equipment is used to provide a comfortable and clean environment for the animals. This can include equipment for spreading, levelling, and removing bedding materials, such as straw, wood chips, or sawdust.

(f) Cleaning equipment: Animal housing systems need to be regularly cleaned to maintain hygiene and prevent the spread of disease. Cleaning equipment includes pressure washers, scrubbers, and sanitizing equipment. 

(g) Heating and cooling systems: In extreme climates, heating and cooling systems can be used to maintain a comfortable temperature for the animals. This can include heaters, air conditioners, and ventilation systems. 

(h) Handling equipment: Handling equipment is used to move animals safely and efficiently within the housing system or to transport them to other locations. Handling equipment can include gates, chutes, and loading ramps.

2. What are the essential provisions needed in a dairy farm? 

Ans: Dairy farming requires careful planning and management to ensure the health and welfare of the cows, as well as the productivity and profitability of the farm. Adequate provisions need to be in place to ensure that the cows are well-fed, healthy, and comfortable, which leads to the production of high-quality milk. 

Some of the essential provisions needed in a dairy farm are as follows: 

(a) Land and Buildings: A dairy farm requires adequate land and buildings to house cows, store feed, and manure. The land should have good quality soil and access to water sources. 

(b) Cattle Breeds: Dairy farms need high-yielding dairy breeds of cattle like Holstein Friesian, Jersey, Brown Swiss, and Guernsey. 

(c) Feeds and Fodder: Dairy cows require a balanced diet with adequate nutrients like proteins, energy, and minerals for milk production. The feed can consist of silage, hay, grass, and grains. 

(d) Water: Adequate supply of clean water is necessary for the cows to maintain their body temperature, digestion and milk production. 

(e) Milking Equipment: Dairy farms need milking equipment like milking machines, milk cans, and milk storage tanks for efficient milking and milk storage. 

(f) Cooling and Heating Systems: Proper ventilation, heating and cooling systems are necessary for maintaining a comfortable environment for cows. 

(g) Health Management: Regular health check-ups, vaccination, and treatment facilities are necessary for maintaining the health of cows. 

(h) Manure Management: Manure from dairy cows can be recycled as fertilizer for crops, but proper manure management is necessary to prevent environmental pollution. 

(i) Labour: Skilled labour is required to manage the day-to-day operations of the dairy farm, such as feeding, milking, and cleaning. 

(j) Transportation: Transportation is necessary for moving cows, feed, and milk to and from the dairy farm.

3. What is manure management? How is it important?

Ans: Manure from dairy cows can be recycled as fertilizer for crops, but proper manure management is necessary to prevent environmental pollution. 

Manure management is essential to prevent environmental pollution and reduce the risk of disease transmission. Manure handling equipment includes systems for collecting, storing, and removing manure, such as manure pits, pumps, and spreaders.

4. Why are equipment and machinery in animal housing systems designed?

Ans: Equipment and machinery in animal housing systems are designed to support animal health and welfare, while also maximizing productivity and efficiency. Proper maintenance and operation of this equipment is essential to ensure a safe and healthy environment for the animals and the people who work with them.

5. Why is ventilation system important?

Ans: Ventilation systems are important because these systems are designed to provide fresh air and remove excess moisture, heat, and odour from the animal housing environment. Ventilation systems can include fans, air inlets, and exhaust fans, and can be designed to regulate temperature and humidity levels.   

6. Write the importance of lighting system.

Ans: Proper lighting is essential for animal health and productivity. Lighting systems can include natural lighting, artificial lighting, or a combination of both, and can be designed to provide specific light wavelengths to support animal growth and reproduction.

(A) Fill in the blanks:

1. __________ are regular and repetitive tasks or actions that are performed on a regular Basis.

Ans: Routine activities.

2. Keeping the barns and __________ clean is important for the health of the cows.

Ans: Milking parlour.

3. Dairy farmers need to take care of the health of their cows to ensure they produce _____________.

Ans: High-quality milk.

4. Dairy farmers need to __________ their cows to maintain their herds. 

Ans: Breed.

5. Dairy farmers need to keep detailed records of their cows’ milk production, ________ , and ________.

Ans: Health, and breeding.

6. __________ is one of the most important activities on a dairy farm.

Ans: Milking cows.

(B) State True or False.

1. The daily routine schedule of a medium-sized dairy farm can vary depending on the specific needs of the cows and the operations of the farm. 

Ans: True.

2. Dairy farmers do not need to find buyers for their milk. 

Ans: False.

3. Cows need a balanced diet to produce milk.

Ans: True.

4. Dairy farmers need to take care of the health of their cows to ensure they produce high-quality milk.  

Ans: True.

(C) Answer the Following Questions: 

1. Explain the routine activities that takes place in a dairy farm. 

Ans: Few routine activities that take place at a dairy farm are listed below: 

(a) Milking cows: Milking cows is one of the most important activities on a dairy farm. It is usually done twice a day, early in the morning and late in the afternoon. The cows are brought into the milking parlour, where they are milked using milking machines. 

(b) Feeding: Cows need a balanced diet to produce milk, so feeding them is an important daily activity. They are usually fed a combination of hay, silage, and grain. 

(c) Cleaning: Keeping the barns and milking parlour clean is important for the health of the cows and the quality of the milk. This includes cleaning and disinfecting the floors, walls, and equipment.

(d) Breeding: Dairy farmers need to breed their cows to maintain their herds. This involves selecting a bull or using artificial insemination to impregnate the cows.

(e) Health care: Dairy farmers need to take care of the health of their cows to ensure they produce high-quality milk. This includes vaccinations, deworming, and treating illnesses and injuries.

(f) Manure management: Cows produce a lot of manure, which needs to be managed properly. This includes collecting and storing the manure, and applying it to fields as fertilizer.

(g) Record-keeping: Dairy farmers need to keep detailed records of their cows’ milk production, health, and breeding. This helps them make informed decisions about their herd management.

(h) Marketing: Dairy farmers need to find buyers for their milk, whether it be through a cooperative, processor, or direct sales to consumers. This involves networking and building relationships with potential buyers.

2. Why do dairy farmers need to find buyers for their milk?

Ans: Dairy farmers need to find buyers for their milk, whether it be through a cooperative, processor, or direct sales to consumers. This involves networking and building relationships with potential buyers.

3. Why is it important to keep records?

Ans: Dairy farmers need to keep detailed records of their cows’ milk production, health, and breeding. This helps them make informed decisions about their herd management. 

4. Write the importance of healthcare and milking cows in a dairy farm. 

Ans: The importance of healthcare and milking cows in a dairy farm are as follows: 

Health care: Dairy farmers need to take care of the health of their cows to ensure they produce high-quality milk. This includes vaccinations, deworming, and treating illnesses and injuries.

Milking cows: Milking cows is one of the most important activities on a dairy farm. It is usually done twice a day, early in the morning and late in the afternoon. The cows are brought into the milking parlour, where they are milked using milking machines. 

5. Draw a flowchart of a daily routine schedule of a medium sized dairy farm.

Ans: The daily routine schedule of a medium-sized dairy farm can vary depending on the specific needs of the cows and the operations of the farm. 

Here is a general outline of the activities that may be included:

4:00-5:00 am: Start the day by milking the cows in the milking parlour. Cows are typically milked twice a day, with the first milking taking place early in the morning. 

5:00-6:00 am: Clean the barns and milking parlour to ensure that the cows have a clean and healthy living environment. 

6:00-7:00 am: Feed the cows with a balanced diet of hay, silage, and grain.

7:00-8:00 am: Check the cows’ health and treat any cows that need medical attention, such as administering vaccinations, deworming, or treating illnesses and injuries. 

8:00-9:00 am: Collect and store the manure, and apply it to fields as fertilizer.

9:00-10:00 am: Attend any administrative tasks, such as keeping detailed records of the cows’ milk production, health, and breeding, and making sure that the farm’s financial and legal affairs are in order. 

10:00-11:00 am: Conduct any necessary maintenance work on the farm equipment, such as repairing or replacing parts.

11:00 am-12:00 pm: Take a lunch break. 

12:00-1:00 pm: Continue with any maintenance work that needs to be done, or attend to any other necessary tasks. 

1:00-2:00 pm: Check on the cows and monitor their behaviour and overall health. 

2:00-3:00 pm: Feed the cows for the second time of the day. 

3:00-4:00 pm: Attend any additional administrative tasks that need to be done, such as ordering supplies or making phone calls. 

4:00-5:00 pm: Milk the cows for the second time of the day. 

5:00-6:00 pm: Clean the barns and milking parlour again, and prepare everything for the next day. 

6:00-7:00 pm: Finish up any remaining tasks, and then head home for the day.

Parimol

Hi! my Name is Parimal Roy. I have completed my Bachelor’s degree in Philosophy (B.A.) from Silapathar General College. Currently, I am working as an HR Manager at Dev Library. It is a website that provides study materials for students from Class 3 to 12, including SCERT and NCERT notes. It also offers resources for BA, B.Com, B.Sc, and Computer Science, along with postgraduate notes. Besides study materials, the website has novels, eBooks, health and finance articles, biographies, quotes, and more.