SEBA Class 9 Agriculture Dairy Work Chapter 1 Overview of Dairy Farming in India

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SEBA Class 9 Agriculture Dairy Work Chapter 1 Overview of Dairy Farming in India

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Overview of Dairy Farming in India

Chapter: 1

(A) Fill in the blanks: 

I. The Indian government launched the Operation Flood program, which aimed to increase __________ and improve the livelihood of small-scale dairy farmers.

Ans: Milk production.

II. __________ is the largest milk-producing country in the world. 

Ans: India.

III. __________ play a crucial role in the dairy sector as they are responsible for the health and well-being of dairy animals. 

Ans: Veterinary services.

IV. __________, ___________ and_________  play an important role in the marketing and distribution of milk. 

Ans: Retailers, wholesalers and distributors.

V. __________ are responsible for ensuring that dairy products meet quality Standards.

Ans: Dairy quality control managers.

(B) Short Answer Type Question: 

1. Name five top milk-producing states of India.

Ans: The top five milk-producing states in India are Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, and Andhra Pradesh.

2. What does NPBBDD stands for? 

Ans: NPBBDD stands for National Programme for Bovine Breeding and Dairy Development . 

3. What is the aim of RGM?

Ans: The RGM aims to set up breeding centres and improve the genetic quality of indigenous breeds to increase their productivity.

4. Name two cooperative societies that are major players in the milk production sector in India. 

Ans: Amul and Mother Dairy are the two cooperative societies that are major players in the milk production sector in India. 

5. What does DIDF stands for? 

Ans: DIDF stands for Dairy Processing and Infrastructure Development Fund.

(C) State True or False:

1. Dairy quality control managers are responsible for ensuring that dairy products meet quality standards and regulatory requirements. 

Ans: True.

2. Dairy scientists do not conduct research and development activities related to dairy farming, including animal breeding, milk quality, and dairy product development.

Ans: False.

3. Dairy nutritionists are not responsible for creating and implementing nutrition programs for dairy animals.

Ans: False.

4. Veterinary services play a crucial role in the dairy sector as they are responsible for the health and well-being of dairy animals.

Ans: True.

(D) Answer the Following Questions: 

1. What was the scenario of dairy farming sector in India before independence? 

Ans: Dairy farming has been an important part of Indian agriculture for centuries. In ancient times, cows were considered sacred and were worshipped by the people. Dairy products such as milk, ghee, and curd were an essential part of the Indian diet. With the arrival of the British, the Indian dairy industry saw significant changes. The British introduced modern methods of dairy farming, such as crossbreeding and the use of milking machines. However, the industry remained largely undeveloped until after independence in 1947.

2. What is the importance of dairy farming in India? Explain. 

Ans: Importance of Dairy Farming in India: Dairy farming is of great importance in India for various reasons. 

Here are some of the key reasons why dairy farming is important in India:

(i) Livelihoods: Dairy farming provides a source of livelihood to millions of rural households in India. Most dairy farmers in India are small-scale, family-run enterprises, and the income from dairy farming supports their daily needs and expenses. 

(ii) Nutrition: Milk and milk products are an important source of nutrition in India, particularly for children and women. The high protein content in milk makes it an important component of a balanced diet. 

(iii) Employment: The dairy industry in India is a major employer, providing employment opportunities to millions of people in the country. This includes not just dairy farmers, but also workers in the processing and marketing segments of the industry. 

(iv) Foreign exchange earnings: India is the largest milk-producing country in the world, and the export of milk and milk products contributes significantly to the country’s foreign exchange earnings. 

(v) Poverty reduction: Dairy farming has the potential to reduce poverty in rural areas of India by providing a sustainable source of income and improving the overall economic conditions of farmers. 

(vi) Agricultural diversification: Dairy farming provides an opportunity for agricultural diversification, particularly for small and marginal farmers who have limited options for crop cultivation. 

(vii) Rural development: Dairy farming can contribute to the overall development of rural areas by providing employment opportunities, improving infrastructure, and promoting the growth of other related industries. 

3. How modern technologies will increase employment in rural areas?

Ans: Modern technologies can help increase jobs in rural areas by improving the economy, starting new businesses, and making old ones better. This happens through things like digital marketing, online shopping (e-commerce), and using modern tools like drones and sensors in farming. These new methods make work quicker and better, and they also create more job opportunities for people in rural areas.

Modern technologies can significantly increase employment opportunities in rural areas through various initiatives and platforms. Here are some ways this can happen:

(i) Better Farming Methods:

(a) Tools like tractors, harvesters, and drip irrigation help improve farming.

(b) These machines need trained people to use and maintain them, creating new job   opportunities.

(ii) Digital Marketing and E-commerce:

(a) Online platforms allow rural businesses, such as farmers and artisans, to reach customers beyond their local area.

(b) This helps them sell their products to a much larger audience, increasing their income.

(iii) Mobile Technology:

(a) Mobile phones and apps help farmers get important information, such as market prices, weather forecasts, and crop health.

(b) With this real-time information, farmers can make better decisions about what to plant and when to sell, improving their business.

(iv) New Business Opportunities:

(a) E-commerce: Selling products online, reaching a wider market, and increasing sales.

(b) Digital marketing: Promoting local products and services online, attracting more customers.

(v) Creating New Jobs:

(a) Job opportunities in tech support: Maintaining and repairing modern farming equipment and digital systems.

(b) Entrepreneurship: Starting new businesses, such as online retail, digital services, or farm-based enterprises.

4. Give a note on milk production in India.

Ans: India is the largest milk-producing country in the world, with an estimated production of 188 million tonnes of milk in 2021. Milk production in India has been increasing steadily over the years, with an average annual growth rate of around 6% in the last decade. 

Here are some key facts and figures about milk production in India:

(i) States: The top milk-producing states in India are Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, and Andhra Pradesh. 

(ii) Dairy Animals: The main dairy animals in India are cows and buffaloes. Buffaloes are the primary source of milk in India, accounting for around 56% of the total milk production, while cows account for around 44%. 

(iii) Small-scale farmers: Most milk production in India is done by small-scale farmers who own a few dairy animals. These farmers account for around 75-80% of the total milk production in the country.

(iv) Cooperative Societies: Dairy cooperatives, such as Amul and Mother Dairy, are also major players in the milk production sector in India. These cooperatives procure milk from small-scale farmers and process it into various milk products. 

(v) Productivity: The average milk yield per animal in India is low compared to other major milk-producing countries. The average milk yield per cow and buffalo in India is around 1,200 and 1,400 litres per year, respectively. 

(vi) Technology: The adoption of modern technologies, such as artificial insemination, improved breeds, and milking machines, has helped to increase the productivity and efficiency of milk production in India. 

(vii) Government initiatives: The Indian government has launched several initiatives to support milk production in the country, such as the National Dairy Plan, which aims to increase milk productivity, and the Dairy Processing and Infrastructure Development Fund, which provides financial assistance for setting up milk processing facilities.

5. Explain the government initiatives taken in India for dairy farming sector. 

Ans: The Indian government has taken several initiatives to promote the growth and development of the dairy farming sector in the country. 

Here are some key government initiatives.

(i) National Dairy Plan: The National Dairy Plan (NDP) is a government initiative launched in 2011 with the objective of increasing the productivity of dairy animals and improving the quality of milk in the country. The NDP aims to cover around 50% of the country’s milk production by 2022.

(ii) Dairy Processing and Infrastructure Development Fund: The Dairy Processing and Infrastructure Development Fund (DIDF) is a government scheme launched in 2017 to provide financial assistance for setting up modern milk processing infrastructure in the country. The DIDF aims to provide funding support of Rs. 5 8,004 crore to eligible dairy cooperatives and private dairy processing units over a period of 3 years.

(iii) Rashtriya Gokul Mission: The Rashtriya Gokul Mission (RGM) is a government scheme launched in 2014 with the objective of promoting the conservation and development of indigenous breeds of cattle and buffaloes. The RGM aims to set up breeding centres and improve the genetic quality of indigenous breeds to increase their productivity.

(iv) National Programme for Bovine Breeding and Dairy Development: The National Programme for Bovine Breeding and Dairy Development (NPBBDD) is a government scheme launched in 2014 to promote the adoption of scientific breeding practices in the dairy farming sector. The NPBBDD aims to increase the productivity of dairy animals through the use of artificial insemination and other modern breeding technologies.

6. How is government initiatives and private participation important in Dairy farming?

Ans: The Indian government has taken several initiatives to promote the growth and development of the dairy farming sector in the country. 

Here are some key government initiatives:

(i) National Dairy Plan: The National Dairy Plan (NDP) is a government initiative launched in 2011 with the objective of increasing the productivity of dairy animals and improving the quality of milk in the country. The NDP aims to cover around 50% of the country’s milk production by 2022.

(ii) Dairy Processing and Infrastructure Development Fund: The Dairy Processing and Infrastructure Development Fund (DIDF) is a government scheme launched in 2017 to provide financial assistance for setting up modern milk processing infrastructure in the country. The DIDF aims to provide funding support of Rs. 5 8,004 crore to eligible dairy cooperatives and private dairy processing units over a period of 3 years.

(iii) Rashtriya Gokul Mission: The Rashtriya Gokul Mission (RGM) is a government scheme launched in 2014 with the objective of promoting the conservation and development of indigenous breeds of cattle and buffaloes. The RGM aims to set up breeding centres and improve the genetic quality of indigenous breeds to increase their productivity.

(iv) National Programme for Bovine Breeding and Dairy Development: The National Programme for Bovine Breeding and Dairy Development (NPBBDD) is a government scheme launched in 2014 to promote the adoption of scientific breeding practices in the dairy farming sector. The NPBBDD aims to increase the productivity of dairy animals through the use of artificial insemination and other modern breeding technologies.

Apart from government initiatives, private participation is also playing a significant role in the growth and development of the dairy farming sector in India. Private players, such as dairy cooperatives, private dairy processing units, and international dairy companies, are investing in modern milk processing infrastructure, research and development, and marketing and distribution networks to tap into the growing demand for milk and milk products in the country. 

In conclusion, government initiatives and private participation are both important for the growth and development of the dairy farming sector in India. While the government is taking steps to provide financial assistance and promote the adoption of modern technologies, private players are investing in infrastructure and marketing to tap into the growing demand for milk and milk products in the country.

7. Write in brief about the career opportunities in the dairy farming sector. 

Ans: The dairy sector in India is a significant contributor to the country’s economy, and it provides numerous career opportunities for individuals who are interested in working in this field. 

Here are some of the career opportunities available in the dairy sector:

(i) Dairy Farm Manager: Dairy farm managers oversee the daily operations of dairy farms. They are responsible for managing and supervising dairy farm workers, maintaining herd health, and ensuring milk quality and production. 

(ii) Dairy Nutritionist: Dairy nutritionists are responsible for creating and implementing nutrition programs for dairy animals. They work with farmers and veterinarians to ensure that the animals are receiving a balanced diet that meets their nutritional needs.

(iii) Dairy Extension Officer: Dairy extension officers work with farmers to provide information and training on best practices in dairy farming. They are responsible for promoting modern technologies, practices, and products that can help improve the productivity and efficiency of dairy farming.

(iv) Dairy Scientist: Dairy scientists conduct research and development activities related to dairy farming, including animal breeding, milk quality, and dairy product development. They work in universities, research institutions, and private companies. 

(v) Dairy Processing Manager: Dairy processing managers oversee the production and processing of dairy products such as milk, cheese, butter, and yogurt. They are responsible for managing and supervising production workers, ensuring product quality, and maintaining food safety standards.

(vi) Dairy Marketing and Sales Manager: Dairy marketing and sales managers are responsible for promoting and selling dairy products to consumers, retailers, and wholesalers. They develop marketing strategies, manage sales teams, and analyse market trends to identify opportunities for growth.

(vii) Dairy Quality Control Manager: Dairy quality control managers are responsible for ensuring that dairy products meet quality standards and regulatory requirements. They oversee quality control processes, conduct product testing, and implement corrective actions when necessary.

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