NIOS Class 12 Mass Communication Chapter 32 Role of A Photojournalist, Solutions to each chapter is provided in the list so that you can easily browse through different chapters NIOS Class 12 Mass Communication Chapter 32 Role of A Photojournalist and select need one. NIOS Class 12 Mass Communication Chapter 32 Role of A Photojournalist Question Answers Download PDF. NIOS Study Material of Class 12 Mass Communication Notes Paper 335.
NIOS Class 12 Mass Communication Chapter 32 Role of A Photojournalist
Also, you can read the NIOS book online in these sections Solutions by Expert Teachers as per National Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS) Book guidelines. These solutions are part of NIOS All Subject Solutions. Here we have given NIOS Class 12 Mass Communication Chapter 32 Role of A Photojournalist, NIOS Senior Secondary Course Mass Communication Solutions for All Chapters, You can practice these here.
Role of A Photojournalist
Chapter: 32
TEXT BOOK QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
INTEXT QUESTIONS 32.1
1. Name two events for which a photojournalist is prepared and two events for which he cannot be prepared.
Ans. (i) Political meeting, football match, any other.
(ii) Accident, earthquake, any other.
2. What is the role of a photo editor?
Ans. A photo editor chooses the pictures that would appear in newspapers on any given day. This will depend upon i. The major events of the day which should be supported by photographs. ii. Hard hitting nature of photographs which can tell a story well and iii. Interests of readers.
3. How does a photojournalist prepare for a photo feature?
Ans. A photographer should be patient and win the confidence of the people he wants to photograph. The photographer should work in such a way that people who are being photographed do not feel self-conscious and behave normally when the camera is pointed at them.
INTEXT QUESTIONS 32.2
1. State whether the following statements are true or false.
(i) Truthfulness is not core journalistic ethic.
Ans. False.
(ii) Manipulation of photographs is violation of basic journalistic ethics.
Ans. True.
(iii) In the digital age, it is possible to change any photograph on the computer.
Ans. True.
(iv) A photojournalist can invent or recreate a situation according to his convenience.
Ans. False.
INTEXT QUESTIONS 32.3
1. Relate the names of photojournalists given below with their respective work.
| (i) Homai Vyarawalla | (a) Photographs of India’s partition |
| (ii) Henri Cartier Bresson | (b) Photograph of Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru announcing the death of the Gandhiji |
| (iii) Prashant Panjiar | (c) Photograph of World War II |
| (iv) Raghu Rai | (d) Photographs in ‘Outlook’ magazine |
| (v) Sunil Janah | (e) Photograph of Mother Teresa |
Ans.
| (i) Homai Vyarawalla | (c) Photograph of World War II |
| (ii) Henri Cartier Bresson | (b) Photograph of Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru announcing the death of the Gandhiji |
| (iii) Prashant Panjiar | (d) Photographs in ‘Outlook’ magazine |
| (iv) Raghu Rai | (e) Photograph of Mother Teresa |
| (v) Sunil Janah | (a) Photographs of India’s partition |
TERMINAL QUESTIONS
1. Describe in detail the factors to be taken into account by a photojournalist while taking pictures for different purposes.
Ans. Events wait for no one, especially for photojournalists. A photojournalist must be prepared to act fast and have his camera always at hand. The interesting pictures are most often a result of the alertness of the photojournalist who is at the right place at the right time. If a photojournalist is casual about his job, he is likely to miss many important chances. It is also not just being present at an important location but it is also about being positioned at the best place with the camera ready.
There are some events about which a photojournalist has advance information. So he can be there well before the action begins. For example, a public function like a sports event or a political meeting is usually announced well in advance. Newspapers are informed about the time and the venue. If the photo editor thinks that the event is important he will assign a photojournalist to attend the event. The photographer will take pictures to the participants, the audience, the venue etc.
However, there are events that no photojournalist can prepare for like a terrorist attack, a riot, a train accident, an earthquake or a bridge collapse. If a photojournalist is present when some thing like this occurs he has to act quickly while at the same time ensuring his own safety. It is rare for photojournalists to capture terrorist attack, serious accidents or major natural disasters as they happen. It is usually the aftermath that the camera captures. The photojournalist then tries to take pictures that convey the sense of the event, is magnitude and its impact on people and the place where it has occured. The best pictures are a result of the judgement and sensitivity of the photographer.
2. issue of ethics in photojournalism has become more important in the digital age when it is very easy to transform the photograph on the computer”. Discuss.
Ans. This issue of ethics has become more important in the digital age when it is very easy to change the photograph on the computer. It is that the camera never lies. But now with a few clicks of a computer mouse, you can completely change a photograph. For example, you can show a man to be smoking even if he has never held a cigarette in life or in the company of someone he has has never met. You can show a crowd of people at a place when in fact there were only a few people present when the picture was taken. You can make people appear to be standing in front or well known monuments in foreign countries to which they have never been!
All manipulation of photograph is a violation of basic journalistic ethics. For the photojournalist must capture the truth. This means that the photojournalist must only photograph what has happened, when it happened and not invent a situation or recreate one by moving things around in the picture to make it seem more interesting then it really was.
It is also against journalistic ethics to state or create a picture by having people pose for the camera. For example if a photojournalist wants a picture of a midday meal scheme in a school he must go to a school at meal time and take pictures of what is seen. These might be of food being prepared or served to the children or the children their food. It would be against journalistic ethics if he were to make a group of children in school uniform sit in rows with plates in front of them and pretend to be eating a meal at school.
A photojournalist who takes his professional responsibilities seriously would never manipulate an image or stage an event for the benefit of his camera.
3. Explain with examples the role played by famous photojournalists in India before and after Independence.
Ans. Raja Deen Dayal was one of the first notable Indian photojournalists. He was a court photographer in India during the rule of the sixth Nizam of Hyderabad. As he was the only native photographer, he has left behind a very impressive record of British India.
Among the famous photojournalists who worked then was Sunil Janah. A political activist and journalist, Sunil Janah began to photograph while writing assignments for his newspaper. At the time of India’s independence, Janah photographed the significant events in the country and made a record of the transition from British rule to independent India. His photographs of India’s partition, its people; specially the tribals as well as pictures of industries and temple structures are very famous. Photographs of Nehru and Gandhi by Sunil Janah are now seen everywhere.
There is another name which needs a special mention here, also because in a profession dominated by men, she was the first woman photojournalist. She is Homi Vyarawlla. Her work was first published in 1938 in the Bombay Chronicle, and later in other major publications of those times. She also worked for the Illustrated weekly of India and during World War II covered every aspect of wartime activities in India.
There are several international photojournalists who loved photographing in India. Amongst them, the name of Henri Cartier Bresson is famous. Henri Cartier Bresson was French and his name is counted amongst the best photojournalists of the world. He travelled in India in the 1940s and then kept coming back in later years. His most famous photographs is that of Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru announcing the death of Gandhi.
Amongst the photojournalists after Independence, the name of Raghu Rai is most famous. Rai’s photographs are still seen as he continues to do photography. Later he became the Chief Photographer for ‘India Today’ where he worked for a long time. Now Mr Rai works as an independent photographer and his work is truly respected all over the world. Apart from this Raghu Rai has covered all important events that have taken place in the second half of the last century such as the Bhopal gas tragedy and the Bangladesh war. He has brought out books on various subjects such as Delhi, Taj Mahal, Sikhs, Benraras etc. His early pictures are mostly in black and white but later he has photographed in colour. They all have a beautiful quality about them.
Prashant Panjiar is another successful photojournalist of the present times. Born in Kolkata, he is a self taught photographer who has worked for many magazines in Delhi. His most successful career was with the ‘Outlook’ magazine as its chief photographer and associate editor. He is a founding member of this magazine and through his photographs, he gave it a popular appeal among people and now Outlook has become a leading news magazine in India.
Very Short Type Questions Answer
1. Are all pictures sent by photojournalist published in newspaper each day?
Ans. Only a small selection of pictures appear in the newspaper each day.
2. Who decides which photo will be published or not?
Ans. Photo editor.
3. What are journalistic ethics?
Ans. Journalistic ethics are the moral principles that govern the practice of all forms of journalism.
4. Can manipulation of photographs be considered violation of basic journalistic ethics?
Ans. Yes.
5. Who was court photographer during the sixth Nizam of Hyderabad?
Ans. Raja Deen Dayal.
6. Which famous photojournalist took famous photographs of Nehru and Gandhi?
Ans. Sunil Janah.
7. Who was the first woman photographer of India?
Ans. Homi Vayarawalla.
8. Which international photographer travelled to India in 1940s?
Ans. Henri Cartier Bresson.
9. Which famous photojournalist of India covered Bhopal tragedy and the Bangladesh war?
Ans. Raghu Rai.
10. Which photojournalist is founding member of outlook magazine?
Ans. Prashant Panjiar.
Short Type Questions Answer
1. Why is the photograph that is related to the lead story of the day likely to be published?
Ans. One consideration will be the major news events of the day. A photograph that enhances the lead story is almost certain to be published. For example, if the most important news of the day is that fuel prices are going to go up, a photographs of long lines of auto rickshaws or trucks at a petrol station is quite likely to get published.
2. Is hard hitting photograph has better chance of being published? Explain.
Ans. Another consideration is the photograph itself. If a photographs is hard hitting, or tells a story then it has a better chance of being published. For example, a picture of a flood, with only the roofs of houses above water has a greater impact than many hundred words describing the same flood.
3. How human interest affect the photos chance of being published?
Ans. What will interest the reader is also a consideration while choosing pictures for the newspaper. So photographs of local events like an inter-school sports competition or the inauguration of a new school building often get published.
When a photojournalist is doing a photo feature there is need for a different approach and different kind of preparedness. If the photos are of people then the photojournalist must have patience and win the trust of the people to be photographed. Most people are self-conscious when they have a camera pointed at them or feel shy when facing one and do not behave as they normally would. The photographer should work in a way that the people who are being photographed do not feel his presence. This is most easily done if the photojournalist spends time with the people being photographed, talks to them about what they are doing and explain the purpose of the photograph. So when the photographs are being taken they are no longer curious or worried about the photographer’s interest in them and can ignore the camera and behave naturally when the camera is pointed at them.
4. Write in brief about works of Sunil Janah.
Ans. A political activist and journalist, Sunil Janah began to photograph while writing assignments for his newspaper. At the time of India’s independence, Janah photographed the significant events in the country and made a record of the transition from British rule to independent India. His photographs of India’s partition, its people; specially the tribals as well as pictures of industries and temple structures very famous. Photographs of Nehru and Gandhi by Sunil Janah are now seen by us everywhere.
5. Write in brief about works of the first woman photojournalist of India.
Ans. Homai Vyarawalla was the first woman photojournalist of India. Her work was first published in 1938 in the Bombay Chronicle, and later in other major publications of those times. She also worked for the Illustrated weekly of India and during World War II covered every aspect of wartime activities in India.
6. Who was Henri Cartier Bresson? Why is he famous in India?
Ans. There are several international photojournalists who loved photographing in India. Amongst them, the name of Henri Cartier Bresson is famous. Henri Cartier Bresson was French and his name is counted amongst the best photojournalists of the world. He travelled in India in the 1940s and then kept coming back here in later years. His most famous photographs is that of Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru announcing the death of Gandhi.
7. What do you know about Prashant Panjiar?
Ans. Prashant Panjiar is another successful photojournalist of the present times. Born in Kolkata, he is a self taught photographer who has worked for many magazines in Delhi. His most successful career was with the ‘Outlook’ magazine as its chief photographer and associate editor. He is a founding member of this magazine and through his photographs, he gave it a popular appeal among people and now Outlook has become a leading news magazine in India.
8. What has given rise to a greater demand for trained photojournalist?
Ans. With the improvement in printing technology, newspapers have started using more photos and in colour. This has given rise to a greater demand for trained people in the field of photojournalism.
Long Type Questions Answer
1. What preparation should be done by photojournalist for doing a photo feature?
Ans. When a photojournalist is doing a photo feature there is need for a different approach and different kind of preparedness. If the photos are of people then the photojournalist must have patience and win the trust of the people to be photographed. Most people are self- conscious when they have a camera pointed at them or feel shy when facing one and do not behave as they normally would. The photographer should work in a way that the people who are being photographed do not feel his presence. This is most easily done if the photojournalist spends time with the people being photographed, talks to them about what they are doing and explain the purpose of the photograph. So when the photographs are being taken they are no longer curious or worried about the photographer’s interest in them and can ignore the camera and behave naturally when the camera is pointed at them.
2. Describe life and works of Raghu Rai.
Ans. Amongst the photojournalists after Independence, the name of Raghu Rai is most famous. Rai’s photographs are still seen as he continues to do photography. Raghu Rai started his career in photojournalism in the 1960s in Delhi and worked for important national newspapers like the Hindustan Times and Statesman. Later he became the Chief Photographer for ‘India Today’ where he worked for a long time. Now Mr Rai works as an independent photographer and his work is truly respected all over the world. His photographs of famous personalities such as Indira Gandhi and Mother Teresa are very well known. Apart from this Raghu Rai has covered all important events that have taken place in the second half of the last century such as the Bhopal gas tragedy and the Bangladesh war. He has brought out books on various subjects such as Delhi, Taj Mahal, Sikhs, Benraras etc. His early pictures are mostly in black and white but later he has photographed in colour. They all have a beautiful quality about them.
