NIOS Class 12 Early Childhood Care and Education Chapter 8 Stages of Child Development: Prenatal; and Birth to three Years

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NIOS Class 12 Early Childhood Care and Education Chapter 8 Stages of Child Development: Prenatal; and Birth to three Years

Also, you can read the NIOS book online in these sections Solutions by Expert Teachers as per National Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS) Book guidelines. These solutions are part of NIOS All Subject Solutions. Here we have given NIOS Class 12 Early Childhood Care and Education Solutions, NIOS Senior Secondary Course Early Childhood Care and Education Notes for All Chapter, You can practice these here.

Stages of Child Development: Prenatal; and Birth to three Years

Chapter: 8

INTEXT QUESTIONS 8.1

Match Column A with Column B.

Column A	Column B
(a) Zygote	(i) 8weeks
(b) Implantation	(ii) when the zygote attaches to the uterine wal
(c) Embryo	(iii) result of fertilisation
(d) Placenta	(iv) thick, blood-rich tissue that lines the walls of the uterus during pregnancy and nourishes the embryo

Ans:

Column A	Column B
(a) Zygote	(iii) result of fertilisation
(b) Implantation	(ii) when the zygote attaches to the uterine wal
(c) Embryo	(i) 8weeks
(d) Placenta	(iv) thick, blood-rich tissue that lines the walls of the uterus during pregnancy and nourishes the embryo

INTEXT QUESTIONS 8.2

Match Column A with Column B.

Column A	Column B
(a) Moro reflex	(i) Neonates tendency to turn the head in direction when cheeks are touched
(b) Palmar Grasp	(ii) Infants rapidly shut and open their eyes on exposure to direct light
(c) Rooting	(iii) Babies try to grasp finger put in the palm
(d) Babinski	(iv) Support from neck is removed and baby extends the arms
(e) Eye Blink	(v) Fanning out toes in response to a stroke on foot

Ans:

Column A	Column B
(a) Moro reflex	(iv) Support from neck is removed and baby extends the arms
(b) Palmar Grasp	(iii) Babies try to grasp finger put in the palm
(c) Rooting	(i) Neonates tendency to turn the head in direction when cheeks are touched
(d) Babinski	(v) Fanning out toes in response to a stroke on foot
(e) Eye Blink	(ii) Infants rapidly shut and open their eyes on exposure to direct light

INTEXT QUESTIONS 8.3 

State whether the following statements are true or false :

(a) Toddlers can pick up toys while standing. 

Ans: True.

(b) Three year olds do not recognise themselves in a mirror. 

Ans: False.

(c) A three year old’s speech is not easily understood by the family. 

Ans: False.

(d) Toddlers try out new activities and learn through trial and error.

Ans: True.

Terminal Exercises

1. Aarti and her mother are playing with a toy. Her mother hides the toy behind her back. Aarti then begins to look for the toy behind her mother. What is Aarti’s approximate age? Give reasons for your answer.

Ans: Aarti’s approximate age is 10–12 months.

Reason: “Infants’ understanding of object permanence improves, they are able to easily find hidden objects. Although they might cry if the mother is leaving the room, the infant soon begins to realise that the mother exists even when she is out of sight.”

2. Trace the physical development marking milestones attained by infants.

Ans: Infants grow at an amazing speed during their first year of life. Infants not only grow in the physical aspect like height and weight but also go through major achievements known as developmental milestones.

Motor Skills milestones:

(i) Birth to three months: An infant tries to lift the head and turn it from one side to the other while lying on the stomach. Stretching and kicking become vigorous.

(ii) Four to six months: Infants start rocking on their stomach and rollover. They gain muscle strength, have better head control and begin sitting without support.

(iii) Seven to ten months: Infants can roll over in both directions, sit, crawl, or pull to a standing position.

(iv) Ten to twelve months: Most infants can sit without help, pull to a standing position and may take first steps without support.