NIOS Class 12 Early Childhood Care and Education Chapter 21 Inclusion: Concept and Practice

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NIOS Class 12 Early Childhood Care and Education Chapter 21 Inclusion: Concept and Practice

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Inclusion: Concept and Practice

Chapter: 21

INTEXT QUESTIONS 21.1

State whether the following statements are true or false.

(a) All educational programmes must be designed to address needs of all children.

Ans: True.

(b) Inclusive education is about ‘enabling schools to serve all children’.

Ans: True.

(c) Traditional methods of teaching are recommended for inclusive education.

Ans: False.

(d) Inclusive education ensures holistic development of all children enrolled.

Ans: True.

(e) Only age-appropriate goals are applicable to children with special needs.

Ans: False.

INTEXT QUESTIONS 21.2

Fill in the blanks:

(a) ________ is associated with individualised planning and teaching strategies for young children.

Ans: Differentiated instruction.

(b) __________ is an instructional method in which children work together on an assignment.

Ans: Collaborative.

(c) In __________ learning, each child’s contribution is equally valued and they have equal power in making decisions.

Ans: Cooperative.

(d) An atmosphere of _________ is essential if teams are to work effectively.

Ans: Trust.

(e) Peer tutors are ____________ by teaching other children as they practice their learning while teaching other children.

Ans: Benefitted.

INTEXT QUESTIONS 21.3

Give the full form of these abbreviations:

(a) IEDC.

Ans: Integrated Education for Disabled Children.

(b) PWD.

Ans: Persons with Disabilities.

(c) RTE.

Ans: Right to Education.

(d) POA.

Ans: Plan of Action.

(e) RCI.

Ans: Rehabilitation Council of India.

(f) CWSN.

Ans: Children with Special Needs.

(g) NPE.

Ans: National Policy on Education.

INTEXT QUESTIONS 21.4

Match column A with column B.

Column A	Column B
(i) Peer tutoring	(a) Special needs services
(ii) Inclusive schools	(b) Plan and modify curriculum
(iii) Referring the child	(c) Organise resource support
(iv) Role of management	(d) Special pedagogical practices
(v) Role of teacher	(e) Student-student

Ans:

Column A	Column B
(i) Peer tutoring	(e) Student-student
(ii) Inclusive schools	(d) Special pedagogical practices
(iii) Referring the child	(a) Special needs services
(iv) Role of management	(c) Organise resource support
(v) Role of teacher	(b) Plan and modify curriculum

Terminal Exercises

1. What do you mean by inclusive education? List the benefits of inclusive education.

Ans: Inclusive education is a process that increase the participation of all children, including those with special needs, in school. 

It reaffirms inclusion, which implies providing all children equitable and effective education that responds to their needs as learners in the existing regular school system regardless of:

(i) Race.

(ii) Class.

(iii) Ethnicity.

(iv) Religious belief.

(v) Being from disadvantaged and marginalized groups.

(vi) Being from remote and nomadic population.

(vii) Language.

(viii) Gender.

(ix) Geographical location.

(x) Culture.

(xi) Disabilities.

The benefits of inclusive education for Children With Special Needs are:

(i) Ensure the children right to equal educational opportunities in regular schools.

(ii) Provide opportunities for interaction that would not be otherwise possible in segregated settings.

(iii) Maximise educational potential of each child.

(iv) Involves children actively in their own learning as well as in the learning of their peers.

(v) Provide a wide range of learning and teaching programmes that encourage all children to participate, learn and experience success.

(vi) Sensitize children and teachers to ensure that there is no discrimination.

(vii) Set the goals for children in the classroom according to their ability and interests.

(viii) Ensure appropriate behaviour/conduct from all children including children with special needs.

(ix) Children with special needs are valued.

(x) Ensure the mobilization and involvement of all stakeholders like parents, community and voluntary groups to implement inclusion.

2. State the benefits of cooperative learning, collaborative learning, and peer tutoring.

Ans: Benefits of cooperative learning strategies:

(i) Actively engage in classroom activities.

(ii) Children articulate their thoughts more freely.

(iii) Receive confirming and constructive feedback.

(iv) Engage in questioning techniques.

(v) Enjoy enhanced interpersonal relationship with other children.

(vi) Develop self-esteem better.

(vii) Use a team approach to solve problems while maintaining individual accountability.

(viii) Are encouraged to understand and appreciate of diversity.

(ix) Clarify their ideas through stimulated critical thinking.

(x) Enhance self-management skills.

(xi) Observe and learn problem solving techniques from peers.

(xii) Receive additional practice on skills.

(xiii) Have increased opportunities to respond.

Benefits of collaborative teaching strategies:

(i) All children benefit from the expertise of all the members of the group.

(ii) It develops leadership and responsibility.

(iii) Children can learn from each other and solve problems together.

(iv) Instructions take into account different levels of ability.

(v) It facilitates active participation by all children in the classroom.

(vi) Proper planning ensures active learning by all children.

(vii) Children are assessed based on the individual performance as well as performance of the group. 

Benefits of Peer Tutoring:

(i) Peer tutors are often effective in teaching children who do not respond well when adults teach.

(ii) It develops a bond of friendship between the tutor and the tutee.

(iii) Tutors themselves are benefited by teaching other children as they practice their learning while teaching other children.