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NIOS Class 10 Logistics & Supply Chain Management Chapter 10 Freight Forwarding Customs Clearance and Cold Chan
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Freight Forwarding Customs Clearance and Cold Chan
Chapter: 10
INTEXT QUESTIONS 10.1
1. __________ is defined as the trade of products and services in overseas countries that are made or sourced in the home country.
Ans: Exporting.
2. __________ refers to purchasing goods and services from overseas sources and bringing them into the home country.
Ans: Importing.
3. Food grains and Agriculture products are exported.i_______.
(A) 16th & 17th Century.
(B) 17th& 18th Century.
(C) 18th &19th Century.
(D) 19th & 20th Century.
Ans: (D) 19th & 20th Century.
4. Age of mercantilism is __________.
(A) 1757 to 1810.
(B) 1757 to 1811.
(C) 1757 to 1812.
(D) 1757 to 1813.
Ans: (D) 1757 to 1813.
5. Indian overseas trade was led by the __________ merchants and traders.
(A) Dutch.
(B) English.
(C) Portuguese and French.
(D) All of the above.
Ans: (D) All of the above.
INTEXT QUESTIONS 10.2
1. Freight forwarding is the shipment of goods from one location to another via __________.
(A) Marine.
(B) Air.
(C) Highway and rail.
(D) All of the above.
Ans: (D) All of the above.
2. The importance of freight forwarding for international trade was recognized in _________ in Canada.
(A) 1945.
(B) 1946.
(C) 1947.
(D) 1948.
Ans: (D) 1948.
3. What does CIFFA stand for?
(A) Canadian International Freight Forwarding Association.
(B) Canadian International Freight Forwarders Association.
(C) Canada International Freight Forwarders Association.
(D) Canada International Freight Forwarding Association.
Ans: (B) Canadian International Freight Forwarders Association.
4. The principles of freight forwarding are preceded on the __________ and efficient goods transfer that are upheld in the right condition throughout their travels.
Ans: Cost-effective.
5. To achieve cost efficiency, freight forwarders become specialists in managing the logistics essential to confirm on __________ of goods.
Ans: Time Arrival.
6. Successful shipping and trade in growing __________ markets mean having the appropriate tools at your disposal.
Ans: Globalised.
7. Negotiating tariffs, customs regulations and being efficient in the requirements of shipping by __________.
(A) Sea.
(B) Land.
(C) Air and rail.
(D) All of the above.
Ans: (D) All of the above.
8. Freight forwarders manage the benefits and risks of shipping both internationally and nationally using the advancement in __________ technology.
Ans: Information.
INTEXT QUESTIONS 10.3
1. Freight Forwarders play a __________ role.
Ans: Consultant.
2. Freight Forwarders advice on __________.
(A) Custom Clearance.
(B) Export cost.
(C) Import duty.
(D) All of the above.
Ans: (D) All of the above.
3. Freight Forwarders determine optimum __________ route.
Ans: Shipping.
4. Freight Forwarders Book Cargo with the __________.
Ans: Carriers.
5. Freight Forwarders negotiate _________
Ans: Contracts.
INTEXT QUESTIONS 10.4
1. _____ is the transportation of temperature-controlled goods, such as temperature-sensitive equipment, foods, and bio-pharmaceutical Products.
Ans: Cold Chain.
2. Cold chain impacts each step of the supply, from __________, storage, transport, and __________ delivery.
Ans: Procurement, last mile.
3. Cold chain management or cold chain delivery entails __________ packaging, which cannot be compromised.
Ans: Specialist.
4. An end-to-end delivery process that retains the temperature of a package constant is known as a __________ cold chain.
Ans: Unbroken.
5. Dedicated __________ couriers run unbroken cold chain delivery.
Ans: Medical
INTEXT QUESTIONS 10.5
1. Proper packaging minimises the risk of item __________and also confirms energy-efficient storage of items along the cold chain.
Ans: Contamination.
2. __________ of cold chain items need to keep track of information on their shipment, depending on the type of items they produce.
Ans: Sellers.
3. Cold Chain elimination of __________ risks.
Ans: Food safety.
4. Cold Chain reduce __________ abuse in the cold chain
Ans: Thermal.
| TERMINAL EXERCISE |
1. “Export and import signify two sides of the same coin of global trade”. Explain.
Ans: Export and import signify two sides of the same coin of global trade. In other words, the countries ought to buy the goods which are either not adequately available or not available in the home country and trade the excess goods and services produced by it to other countries that need them utmost. Briefly, each country must import deficit goods and export surplus goods. India’s Global Trade before 1815 involved manufacturing products primarily while luxury items and metals were imported. 19th& 20th Century – Food grains and Agriculture products are exported. 1757 to 1813 – Age of mercantilism. Indian overseas trade was led by the Dutch, English, Portuguese and French merchants and traders.
1814 to 1857 – Agricultural goods exports in exchange for imports of finished goods. 1858 to 1914 – Rise of multilateral trade 915 to 1947 – Indian Foreign Trade setback Economic Reforms of 1991 – Evolution of India’s International Trade
(a) Liberalisation.
(b) Privatisation.
(c) Globalisation.
2. Write down the full form of LPG?
Ans: Liquified Petroleum Gas.
3. What is Freight Forwarding? Explain the various Principles of Freight Forwarding.
Ans: Freight forwarding is the shipment of goods from one location to another via a single or multiple carriers via marine, air, highway, or rail. The importance of freight forwarding for international trade was recognized in 1948 in Canada with the formation of the Canadian International Freight Forwarders Association (CIFFA). Canadian International Freight Forwarders Association recognized that forwarding freight, whether by marine, land, air or rail requires regulation, coordination, and agreed-upon best practices to confirm that goods flow in a proficient manner and a timely overseas, across borders, and throughout the world.
The various Principles of Freight Forwarding are:
(i) The principles of freight forwarding are preceded by the transfer.
(ii) cost-effective and efficient goods that are upheld in the right condition throughout their travels.
(iii) To achieve this, freight forwarders become specialists in managing the logistics essential to confirm on-time of arrival of goods.
(iv) Successful shipping and trade in growing globalised markets mean having the appropriate tools at your disposal.
(v) Negotiating tariffs, custom regulations and being efficient in the requirements of shipping by sea, land, air, and rail. Freight forwarders manage the benefits and risks of shipping both internationally and nationally using the advancement in information technology.
4. What are the main functions of Freight Forwarding?
Ans: The main functions of Freight Forwarding are:
(i) Freight Forwarder’s Role in the Supply Chain: Usually, it has been confined to organising transport and preparing documents as an agent of the shipper. With development the role of the freight forwarder also changed due to containerization and multimodal transportation, instead of being just an intermediary, few become transport operators providing container services, as well as multimodal international and inland transportation.
The Freight Forwarder can fulfil the below services:
(a) Act as a shipper’s agent organising transport services and preparing documents.
(b) Act as a transport expert advising shippers on cost-efficient and better means of transport.
(c) Act as a multimodal transport organiser. It acts as the principal transport organiser with direct contractual accountability for the carriage of goods door to door, assuming accountability for those transport segments for which he may not be the actual operator.
(d) Act as an expert service provider in container packing /unpacking, packing, customs clearances and the raising of insurance claims.
(ii) Activities of Freight Forwarders:
(a) Negotiating Contracts.
(b) Processing Documentations.
(c) Booking Cargo with the carriers.
(d) Issuing their own approved house bill of lading.
(e) Organising movement of Cargo.
(f) Providing expert advice and consultancy.
(iii) Freight Forwarders – Main Functions:
(a) Play the consultant role.
(b) Advice on –Custom Clearance, Export cost, import duty, special tariffs, other duties and tax.
(c) Documentation advises.
(d) Determining optimum shipping route.
(e) Reservation of Cargo space.
(f) Advise.
5. What do you mean by Cold Chain? Mention its key key elements also ?
Ans: Cold chain logistics is the transportation of temperature- controlled goods, s biopharmaceutical Products. It impacts each step of the supply, from procurement, storage, transport, and last mile delivery. Cold chain management or cold chain delivery details specialist packaging, which cannot be compromised. An end-to-end delivery process that retains the temperature of a package constant is known as an ‘unbroken’ cold chain. Dedicated medical couriers run unbroken cold chain delivery.
The Key Elements of Cold Chain:
(a) Transport and storage equipment.
(b) Trained personnel.
(c) Efficient management procedures.
6. Evaluate the functions of the Cold Chain for preservation of product with an example.
Ans: The cold chain does not start when temperature-sensitive stuff leaves a manufacturer’s firm. It begins with the storage of the items at a refrigerated facility. If producers of cold chain items do not have the required storage equipment to keep their items cold, they will have to outsource their cold chain operations to a service provider who can support the Equipment. 3PL firms provide warehouse services for the storage of cold chain items for some time, at an intermediary place for easy supply to the local market or shipping to a distant market in near future. A few common types of cold storage facilities and equipment include cold rooms, refrigerated containers, cold boxes, chillers, vaccine carriers and blast Freezers.
(i) Packaging: For temperature-controlled items to uphold their quality during shipment, they must be packaged appropriately. Proper packaging minimises the risk of item contamination and also confirms energy-efficient storage of items along the cold chain.
(ii) Monitoring: of cold chain items need to keep track of information on their shipment, depending on the type of items they produce. This information comprises ranges of temperature and other environment parameters like humidity levels that may compromise the integrity of temperature sensitive freight. Prepared with this information, shippers can inspect their supply chain procedures to spot activities and environments that lead to inefficiencies.
7. List out the benefits of the Cold Chain?
Ans: The benefits of the Cold Chain are:
(i) Elimination Of food safety risks.
(ii) Reduce thermal abuse in the cold chain.
(iii) Increase food quality.
(iv) Extend the shelf life of food items.
(v) Eliminate finger pointing between distributor, franchisee, and supplier.
(vi) Increase cold chain productivity and efficiency.
