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NIOS Class 10 Logistics & Supply Chain Management Chapter 4 Logistics a system & Concept of Business
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Logistics a system & Concept of Business
Chapter: 4
INTEXT QUESTIONS 4.1
1. __________ System is a blend of facilities, where one or more operational activities are carried out like storage and distribution.
Ans: Logistics.
2. __________ logistics is the division of logistics dealing with goods flow which are unsold and returned from end destination to initial manufacturer.
Ans: Reverse.
3. The __________ management system is the process of planning, organising and controlling the logistics system.
Ans: logistics.
4. A logistics system is a network of people, organisations, activities, resources, and information involved in the ________ flow of products from supplier to consumer.
Ans: physical.
5. Which of the following is not a subsystem of a logistics system?
(A) Procurement.
(B) Production.
(C) Distribution.
(D) Marketing.
Ans: (D) Marketing.
INTEXT QUESTIONS 4.2.
1. SCOR stands for?
(A) Supply Chain Output Reference.
(B) Supply Chain Operations Reference.
(C) Supply Chain Operations Report.
(D) Supply Chain up Operations Reference.
Ans: (B) Supply Chain Operations Reference.
2. March the following:
| Source | transform them |
| Make | obtain products |
| Deliver | processing returns |
| Return | turn over |
Ans:
| Source | obtain products |
| Make | transform them |
| Deliver | turnover |
| Return | processing returns |
| TERMINAL EXERCISE |
1. What is the process involved in Logistics system management?
Ans: Logistics processes encompass all activities through which a product passes from its manufacture to its delivery to the end customer. This includes transport, storage and eventual distribution. The aim is to deliver the requested quantity of materials at the right time and place and at the price agreed upon in advance.
2. Analyse the relevance of various activities involved in the logistics system?
Ans: Logistics involves a large variety of activities that help ensure goods, services, and information flow efficiently throughout a business. These activities include inventory control and management, order fulfilment, materials handling, supply chain management, transportation, and warehousing.
3. How does the logistics system play a pivotal role to speed up the manufacturing business to increase production?
Ans: The logistics system plays a pivotal role in speeding up the manufacturing business and increasing production through several key mechanisms:
(i) Efficient Supply Chain Management: Supply chain efficiency is a business’s ability to use resources, technology, and expertise in order to minimise logistics costs and maximise profits. The goal of an efficient supply chain is to save money and maximise profits by optimising the processes and stages in the supply chain.
(ii) Streamlined Production Planning: Logistics data, such as demand forecasts, inventory levels, and production schedules, inform production planning decisions. By integrating logistics data with production planning systems, manufacturers can better anticipate demand fluctuations, allocate resources effectively, and minimise idle time, thereby accelerating the manufacturing process.
(iii) Effective Transportation Management: Effective transportation management keeps a company’s whole supply chain running smoothly. With successful transportation execution, inventory can be kept lean and quickly moved in and out of warehouses. It improves warehouse efficiency, reduces overall lead time, and saves money on storage.
(iv) Optimised Inventory Management: inventory optimization enhances overall productivity. It streamlines operational processes, reduces the need for manual labour, and enables businesses to allocate their resources more efficiently.
(v) Continuous Improvement: Continuous improvement, sometimes called continual improvement, is the ongoing improvement of products, services or processes through incremental and breakthrough improvements.
4. How is the role of logistics considered as a lifeline in the service business? Explain with suitable examples.
Ans: Logistics plays a crucial role as a lifeline in the service business by ensuring the efficient delivery of services to customers.
Here’s how logistics serves as a lifeline in various service industries:
(i) Healthcare Services: The monitors and manages the flow of medicines, medical products, and healthcare services from manufacturer to patient and helps ensure that healthcare providers and patients get the medications and treatments they need when and where they need them.
(ii) Retail and E-commerce: In the retail and e-commerce industries, logistics is critical for delivering products to customers accurately and on time. Retailers rely on logistics to manage inventory across multiple locations, fulfil customer orders through efficient picking, packing, and shipping processes, and coordinate last-mile delivery services. For example, e-commerce giants like Amazon have built sophisticated logistics networks to offer fast and reliable delivery options to customers worldwide.
(iii) Telecommunications and IT Services: In telecommunication, a telecommunications service is a service provided by a telecommunications provider, or a specified set of user-information transfer capabilities provided to a group of users by a telecommunications system.
5. Explain the process of procurement of raw materials from different sources.
Ans: The process of procurement of raw materials from different sources are:
(i) Identifying Raw Material Requirements: The first step is to identify the specifications or requirements that your raw materials need to meet. These specifications may be based on industry standards, customer expectations, regulatory compliance, or your own quality criteria.
(ii) Supplier Identification and Selection: Once raw material requirements are identified, the next step is to identify potential suppliers. This may involve researching suppliers through online directories, trade shows, or industry contacts. Suppliers are evaluated based on factors such as quality, price, reliability, and delivery capabilities.
(iii) Request for Quotation (RFQ): Request for quote (RFQ) is a process wherein an enterprise asks a set of potential suppliers or service providers to submit their price quotations and stand a chance to supply or provide goods or services.
(iv) Purchase Order (PO) Issuance: The PO includes details such as the quantity, specifications, delivery date, and payment terms. It serves as a legal contract between the buyer and the supplier
(v) Supplier Performance Evaluation: Supplier evaluation is a continuous process for procurement departments and is also a pre-qualification step in the process of purchasing. According to Half and Ellegaard (2011), supplier evaluation is “the process of quantifying the efficiency and effectiveness of supplier action.”
6. Discuss the process and network of distribution of finished products.
Ans: The process and network of a distribution network is an interconnected group of storage facilities and transportation systems that receive inventories of goods and then deliver them to customers. It is an intermediate point to get products from the manufacturer to the end customer, either directly or through a retail network.
7. What do you mean by 5R`s referred to as key objectives of material management?
Ans: The 5R`s referred to as key objectives of material management are principles aimed at optimising the management of resources and materials within an organisation. These principles help ensure efficient utilisation of resources, minimise waste, and enhance overall productivity.
The 5R`s typically include:
(i) Right Place: Storing materials in the appropriate location within the organisation’s facilities to facilitate easy access, efficient handling, and optimal use of space. This involves organising warehouse layouts, implementing storage systems, and using technology for inventory tracking and management.
(ii) Right Cost: Decide whether your current supply chain is efficient or responsive. Your chain is efficient if you satisfy predictable demand efficiently at the lowest possible cost, turn over inventory frequently, and select sup- pliers based on cost and quality.
(iii) Right Time: Timely procurement and delivery of materials to support production schedules and minimise waiting times. This involves efficient logistics management, effective coordination with suppliers, and minimising lead times in the supply chain.
(iv) Right Quantity: Ensuring that the correct amount of materials is available at the right time to meet production demands without excess or shortage. This involves accurate demand forecasting, inventory management, and replenishment strategies to maintain optimal inventory levels.
