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NIOS Class 10 Indian Culture and Heritage Chapter 20 Socio-Cultural Issues In Contemporary India
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Socio-Cultural Issues In Contemporary India
Chapter: 20
TEXTUAL QUESTIONS
Intext Questions 20.1
Q.1. How does caste system affect democracy?
Ans. In this system, society gets divided into artificial groups that tend to support the candidate who belongs to their caste. They do not pay much attention to the fact whether he/she is a deserving candidate or not.
Q.2. What is the ‘Ladli’ scheme of use of India?
Ans. A scheme for the protection of girl child, in which an amount is set aside at the time of the birth of a girl child which she gets when she completes eighteen years of age. This amount is used for the education or the marriage of the child.
Q. 3. Which Act prohibits dowry violations?
Ans: The Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961.
INTEXT QUESTIONS 20.2
Q. 1. What is substance abuse?
Ans: The habitual use of or dependence on harmful substances like liquor/alcoholic drinks, tobacco, bidis/cigarettes, drugs (for other than prescribed medical treatment) called substance abuse or addiction.
Q.2. What is number one killer according to World Health Organization?
Ans: Tobacco.
Q.3. What is the expected population of the aged people in India by 2021?
Ans: 137 million.
Q.4. What is the main reason for the elderly people not being looked after?
Ans: With the joint family breaking down, especially in the urban areas, where nuclear families are the trend, the aged are increasingly becoming unwelcome members in their own families.
INTEXT QUESTIONS 20.3
Q.1. What is the population of India as per 2011 census?
Ans: 1210 million.
Q.2. What causes people to beg for money, food and clothes from other people?
Ans: Poverty and unemployment.
Q.3. If you come across a beggar, what advice would you give to him/her?
Ans: Begging is an offence punishable by law both for the one who is begging and the one who gives alms.
Q.4. What is child abuse?
Ans. A child in the age group of 6-14 years is supposed to be in the school. But unfortunately, of the 200 million Indian children in this age group, about 11.3 million are labourers. The estimate by NGOs puts it at 60 million, of which 2,00,000 work as domestic help and almost an equal number as bonded labourers. These children become vulnerable to physical and mental exploitation, they are starved, beaten and even sexually exploited. This is a serious problem and is generally known as ‘child abuse’.
TERMINAL EXERCISES
Q.1. How does casteism become a hindrance in selecting a profession of choice by an individual?
Ans: In caste system duties are prescribed according to the particular caste of the person. This duty of profession become the profession down the family line and the person is not allowed to take up any profession assigned to some other caste.
Q.2. “Dowry is a social problem.” Elaborate.
Ans. The evil of dowry: The practice of dowry is one of the worst social evils that is haunting us even today. Greedy people are not caring for law and punishments. Whether it is rural or urban regions of the country the blatant violation of this law is rampant.
Not to speak of the dowry deaths, even most of the acts of domestic violence against women including psychological as well as physical torture are related to matters of dowry.
Some of the very basic human rights of women are violated almost every day. It is heartening to see when a few young girls stand firm to assert their rights braving heavy odds.
Q.3. How is the development of female persons beneficial to a nation?
Ans. A female person is eventually responsible for the upbringing of the children and look after the family. A well educated and independent female can educate her children and make them self-reliant and good citizens, thus proving beneficial for the country.
Q.4. A child is an asset of our country. Do you agree with this statement?
Ans: Yes, a child is an asset of our country as a child is the future citizen, and they are supposed to contribute to the development and strength of their country.
Q.5. Do you think that Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961 is effective for curbing dowry problem? Give a reasoned answer.
Ans. No, the Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961 has not been effective enough for curbing the evil of dowry.
Despite the fact that the practice of both giving as well as accepting of dowry is banned by law and such acts are punishable offences, the system continues unabated. All governments whether centre or the state or administration of U.T. should strictly take action and even judiciary should be do their best. But justice delayed is justice denied. I think in “Dowry Crime” delay of punishment encourage this cirime.
Q.6. “Girls are the world’s most squandered gift.” Discuss.
Ans. Girls are the world’s most wasted gifts as they are not given their rights in a rightful manner and are not seen with respect. Their birth in the family is not welcomed, besides the fact that have tremendous potential and that they can prove better than boys in every sphere of life.
Q.7. Poverty and unemployment are the root causes of many social problems. Discuss.
Ans. Unemployment and the consequent poverty are responsible for the erosion of human values. Under the compulsion of poverty, parents do not hesitate even to send their children to the labour market. Millions of children miss their childhood because of this phenomenon. They remain uneducated, and ignorant-which results in their unemployment or under-employment and consequent poverty.
SOME OTHER IMPORTANT QUESTIONS FOR EXAMINATION
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
1. This scheme of government provides financial aid to girl child for her education or marriage.
(a) Ladli.
(b) Jaccha-Baccha Scheme.
(c) Both (a) and (b).
(d) None of these.
Ans. Ladli.
2. The Dowry Prohibition Act was passed in the year.
(a) 1971
(b) 1961
(c) 1987
(d) None of these.
Ans. 1961.
3. What is the population of India in 2011?
(a) 137 million.
(b) 1210 million.
(c) 113 million.
(d) 200 million.
Ans. 1210 million.
4. The practice of physical and mental exploitation, starving, beating and even sexually exploiting any human being below 14 years of age, is called
(a) Drug abuse.
(b) Beggary.
(c) Substance abuse.
(d) Child abuse.
Ans. Child abuse.
5. Who become the victims of the practice of dowry?
(a) Brides.
(b) Girl child.
(c) Elderly.
(d) Unemployed.
Ans. Brides.
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
Q.1. Mention the names of those social evils of the Indian society which still persist till date.
Ans: 1. Dowry.
2. Drug abuse or substance abuse.
3. Child abuse.
4. Illiteracy.
5. Prejudice against the girl child.
6. Issues related to the elderly.
Q.2. Give two main reasons for unemployment in India.
Ans. 1. Increasing population and illiteracy and ignorance of the people in a very large number.
2. Lack of industrialization and lack of job-oriented education also create unemployment.
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
Q.1. Write a short note on the problem of poverty.
Ans. 1. With nearly 28% people living BPL (or the below poverty line) its impact on socio-economically marginal families in the form of poor quality of life, disease, low literacy, malnutrition, and child labour became a serious concern.
2. Nearly a quarter of the population (that is more than 25 crores Indians) that belongs to the scheduled category (SC and STs etc.) is almost entirely below poverty line.
3. Debilitating poverty is a fundamental problem, hindering (or checking) developmental objectives worldwide with one-sixth of humanity living in “dehumanizing conditions of extensive poverty”.
4. Poverty causes unemployment, promotes tension and feeling of being very inferior and even helps in creating criminalization.
