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NIOS Class 10 Home Science Chapter 9 Care and Maintenance of Fabrics
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Care and Maintenance of Fabrics
Chapter: 9
[Book – I] HOME SCIENCE
TEXTUAL QUESTION WITH ANSWERS
Intext Questions 9.1.
Q.1. Meena has a basket full of soiled clothes. these include her silk blouse,zari saree, cotton shirt, cotton paijama and woollen shawl. Which of these would you recommend her to wash at home and which clothes should she send for dry cleaning? Why?
Ans: Wash at home -cotton shirt, cotton paijama: dry clean silk blouse, zari saree, woollen shawl.
Q.2. Summer season has set in. you have to put away the winter clothes. What steps would you suggest to your friend to ensure that his clothes are clean and ready to store till the next season?
Ans: Woollen clothes are stored during summer season. They should be stored carefully otherwise they can be attacked by moth or silver fish. Woollens should be dry cleaned before storing them. Moth balls should be kept with them to avoid insects. Woollens should be kept wrapped in muslin cloth or paper.
Intext Questions 9.2
Q.1. State whether the following statements are true or false and justify with reasoning:
| Statement | True/False | Justification |
| (a) Dirty clothes are harmful for personal hygiene. | ||
| (b) ‘Laundering’ is same as ‘washing’ clothes. | ||
| (c) Airing of clothes is useful when they are not to be washed immediately. | ||
| (d) Stains should be removed from the fabrics before washing. |
Ans: (a) True, Dirty clothes become medium for growth of bacteria or fungus.
(b) False, Laundering consists of washing or dry cleaning, finishing and storing.
(c) True, Airing helps in drying and removing bad odours.
(d) True, Stains may become permanent when exposed to chemicals in soaps or detergents.
Intext Questions 9.3.
Q.1. For removing each of the following stains, tick (✔) the most appropriate option:
(i) Old tea stain on white cotton fabric:
(a) Use salt water.
(b) Soak in glycerine.
(c) Soak in lime juice.
(d) Pour boiling water over borax.
Ans: (c) Soak in lime juice.
(ii) Old blood Stains on coloured cotton fabric:
(a) Soak in salt water.
(b) Soak in glycerine.
(c) Soak in hot water.
(d) Wash with soap and hot water.
Ans: (a) Soak in salt water.
(iii) Lipstick stain:
(a) Use of salt water.
(b) Soak in ammonia.
(c) Sponge with methylated spirit.
(d) Wash with hot water and soap.
Ans: (c) Sponge with methylated spirit.
(iv) Rust stain:
(a) Use of salt water.
(b) Use lime juice and salt.
(c) Soak in methylated spirit.
(d) Wash with soap and cold water.
Ans: (b) Use lime juice and salt.
(v) Nail polish stain on polyester fabric:
(a) Sponge with methylated spirit.
(b) Soak in warm borax water.
(c) Rub lime juice and salt.
(d) Soak in warm water and soap.
Ans: (d) Soak in warm water and soap.
Intext Questions 9.4.
Q.1. Fill in the blanks with the most appropriate words from those given in brackets:
(a) Soaking clothes for time helps to ________ dirt.(loosen, fix, settle).
Ans: loosen.
(b) Starching is done to give cotton clothes ________ look.(dull, crisp, shinning).
Ans: Shining.
(c) ________ Should not be starched. (table linen, sarees, undergarments).
Ans: Under garments.
(d) Coloured cotton articles should be dried in the ________ (sun, shade, daylight).
Ans: Shade.
(e) Long exposure to sunlight makes fabrics ________ (bright, weak,dull).
Ans: Weak.
(f) ________ Should be used to wash very dirty white articles (hot water, boiling water, luke-warm).
Ans: Hot water.
(g) When cotton articles are stored moist, they develop ________ (dullness, brightness, mildew).
Ans: Mildew.
(h) Fabric that is not properly rinsed becomes ________ (weak, yellow, bright).
Ans: Yellow.
(i) Clothes must be ________ before watching.(blued, repaired,ironed).
Ans: Mended.
(j) ________ Articles should not be soaked before watching. (coloured, white, dirty).
Ans: Coloured.
Intext Questions 9.5.
Q.1. Tick mark the statements that are true. Correct the false statements.
(i) Neutral liquid soaps should be used for washing silks. True/ false.
Ans: True.
(ii) Clod water should be used while watching wooden articles. True/false.
Ans: False, Luke warm water should be used for washing wooden articles.
(iii) Wooden articles should be soaked in water. True/ false.
Ans: True.
(iv) Woollen articles can cleaned with any detergent solution. True/ false.
Ans: False, Woollen articles can be cleaned with mild alkaline detergent solution.
(v) Friction cannot be applied to clean woollen articles. True/ false.
Ans: True.
(vi) Synthetics clothes are squeezed well before drying. True/ false.
Ans: False, Synthetics clothes should not be squeezed and dried on a hanger.
(vii) Synthetics clothes are ironed, if necessary, with a warm iron. True/false.
Ans: True.
Q.2. Match the columns:
Terminal question
Q.1. Explain the meaning of the word “laundering.
Ans: Laundering means removing dirt from clothes by washing and then finishing (Starching ironing) there by giving a neat and clean appearance.
Q.2. What is a stain? How would you classify stains?
Ans: A stain is an unwanted mark of discoloration on a fabric caused due to contact with another substance which cannot be removed by the normal washing process and requires special treatment.
Classification of saints: stains can be grouped on the basis of their origin, e.g., tea and coffee and many oils, vanaspati and ghee come from vegetable source. While removing these stains you can use more or less the same removing agents and method.
| Category of stain | Stains |
| 1.Vegetable stains | Tea, coffee, fruit |
| 2. Grease stains | Butter, ghee, oil, curry, shoe polish, tar, oil plants |
| 3. Animal stains | Blood, milk, egg |
| 4. Mineral stains | Rust |
| 5. Miscellaneous stains | Dye, ink, mildew, grass, perspiration |
Q.3. Describe the steps for removing the following stains from a cotton fabric.
(i) Ghee.
(ii) Nail polish.
(iii) Red ink.
(iv) Grease.
(v) Paan (betal leaf).
Ans: The steps for removing:
Ghee: Fresh wash with hot water and soap, dry on grass or shrub/plant in the sunlight.
Old: Make a paste of soap and water and apply it on the Stains. Leave it wet in the sunlight until it is removed.
Red ink: Fresh wash with soap and cold water
Old: (a) bleach the stain.
(b) Soak in sour butter milk (lassi) for half an hour.
Naik polish: (a) Scrape all the excess stain.
(b) Sponge gently with methylated spirit or kerosene.
Grease: Wash with soap and water.
(Paan) betel leaf: Apply paste of onions and leaves in the sunlight.
Q.4. How will you wash a white cotton garment? Explain with reasons.
Ans: A white cotton garment should be washed by the following method:
1. Preparation.
2. Soaking: They should be soaked in soap or detergent solution for some time to lose the dirt from the pores.
3. Washing: Clothes should be rubbed well and washed.
4. Rinsing: Clothes should be rinsed in water properly till the whole of the soap is removed. Then they should be removed.
5. Blueing: According to the type of clothes blueing should be done.
6. Starching: While cotton clothes may should be Starching use it.
7. Drying: Clothes should be dried in sun and coloured clothes in shade.
8. Finishing: After drying Clothes should be ironed to give them good finish.
Q.5. How does the laundaring of synthenes differ from laundaring of cotton.
Ans:
| Synthenes Clothes | Cotton Clothes |
| 1. Use luke-warm or cold water. | 1. Use luke-warm of hot water. |
| 2. Do not use hot water as synthetic clothes will wrinkle very badly. | 2. Use mild or neutral soap for washing. |
| 3. Used any good soap. | 3. Wash using and kneading squeezing method. |
| 4. Rinse well in cold water to remove soap complete. | 4. Rinse thoroughly and apply starch after turning clothes inside out in the last rinse. |
Q.6. Shelly bought a white cardigan. After wearing it twice she washed it together with other clothes in a washing machine. Predict the effect on the cardigan and the reason for it.
Ans: 1. No need to soak in water.
2. Draw an outline of the fabric so that it does not loose shape while drying.
3. Temperature of water should be same throughout washing otherwise the fabric gets shrunk.
4. Detergent with mild soda is used.
5. Wash the fabric with gentle hand.
6. Do not wrinkle for drying.
7. Dry in shadow and not in sunlight.
8. Do not hang while drying otherwise fabric will loose shapes.
Q.7. Rehman wants to wash his brightly printed silk scarf at home. Tell him the correct procedure.
Ans: Silk Clothes (scarf) are delicate clothes. They should be washed very carefully. Soap and water makes its fibres weak. They should not be rubbed as it spoils it’s colour and texture. Ritha and Shikakai solutions are suitable to wash such clothes. They should not be rubbed. Light pressure should be applied silk Clothes.
SOME OTHER IMPORTANT QUESTIONS FOR EXAMINATION
Multiple Choice Questions
Tick (✔) the correct answer:
1. Removing dirt from clothes by washing and then finishing them is termed as:
(a) Starching.
(b) Sponging.
(c) Laundering.
(d) Dipping.
Ans: (c) Laundering.
2. Clothes may become dirty due to the:
(a) Dirt.
(b) Grease.
(c) Perspiration.
(d) All of the above.
Ans: (d) All of the above.
3. Greasy dirt can be removed by:
(a) Dipping.
(b) Drying.
(c) Laundering.
(d) Washing with water.
Ans: (c) Laundering.
4. Fabrics can be cared and maintained by:
(a) Sponging.
(b) Dipping.
(c) Laundering.
(d) None of above.
Ans: (d) None of above.
5. Stains can be identified by their:
(a) Colour.
(b) Smell.
(c) Feel.
(d) All of the above.
Ans: (d) All of the above.
6. Which of the following is an animal stain?
(a) Milk.
(b) Tea.
(c) Coffee.
(d) Rust.
Ans: (a) Milk.
7. Which of the following is a Grease stain?
(a) Curry.
(b) Pickle.
(c) Shoe polish.
(d) All of the above.
Ans: (d) All of the above.
8. The method in which the entire fabric can be dipped in the stain remover is termed as:
(a) Curry.
(b) pickle.
(c) Friction washing.
(d) Washing by machines.
Ans: (b) Pickle.
9. Which of the following method is suitable for washing cotton fabrics?
(a) Brushing and airing.
(b) Mending of damaged garments.
(c) Immediate stain removal.
(d) All of the above.
Ans: (b) Mending of damaged garments.
10. What is the common name of Orion?
(a) Cashmilon.
(b) Nylon.
(c) Polyester.
(d) None of above.
Ans: (a) Cashmilon.
