NCERT Class 9 Skill Education Important Chapter 8 Additional Vocations

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NCERT Class 9 Skill Education Important Chapter 8 Additional Vocations

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Additional Vocations

Chapter: 8

IMPORTANT SOLUTIONS

A. Short Question Answer:

1. What does “forming” mean in sheet metal work? 

Ans: Forming is the process of shaping metal without cutting it.

2. What is a “burr”? 

Ans: A burr is a sharp, unwanted edge that remains on the metal after it has been cut.

3. What are the main materials used for sheet metal fabrication? 

Ans: GI (Galvanized Iron) or Aluminium sheets are the main materials used.

4. Which tools are used for manually cutting sheet metal? 

Ans: Tin snips or shears are used for manual cutting.

5. What is plumbing? 

Ans: Plumbing is the work of installing, maintaining, and repairing systems that carry water, liquids, gases, fluids, or waste through pipes. 

6. What is the purpose of a valve? 

Ans: A valve is a device used to control the flow of water. 

7. Which tools are used to tighten and loosen pipe joints? 

Ans: A pipe wrench or spanner is used for this purpose. 

8. How can you prevent water leakage at joints? 

Ans: By applying thread seal tape or adhesive. 

9. What tool is used to clear blocked drains? 

Ans: A plunger is used to clear blockages.

10. What does food processing involve? 

Ans: It involves transforming raw food materials into safe, usable, and longer-lasting products through activities like cleaning, cutting, drying, cooking, fermenting, and preserving. 

11. What is food “preservation”? 

Ans: Preservation refers to the methods used to increase the shelf life of food. 

12. What are common raw materials used in food processing? 

Ans: Unprocessed foods such as grains, fruits, vegetables, pulses, and milk.

13. What is “joinery”? 

Ans: Joinery refers to the methods used to join two or more parts of furniture together. 

14. What is “seasoned wood”? 

Ans: Wood that has been dried to reduce its moisture content. 

15. Which tools are used to check right angles and alignment? 

Ans: A try square or a spirit level. 

16. What hand tools are used for cutting and shaping wood or bamboo? 

Ans: Hand saws, chisels, and planes.

17. What is the purpose of “wedging” clay? 

Ans: Wedging means kneading the clay to remove air bubbles and ensure it has even moisture. 

18. What is “firing” in pottery? 

Ans: Firing is the process of heating clay in a kiln or open fire to make it hard and durable. 

19. What is “slip”? 

Ans: Slip is a mixture of clay and water used for joining parts together or for surface decoration. 

20. Why are sand or grog added to clay? 

Ans: They are added to improve the clay’s strength and reduce cracking.

B. Long Question Answer:

1. What are the key steps involved in creating a product using sheet metal work?

Ans: The process of creating a sheet metal product involves six main steps. First is scoping, where you choose a simple item to make, such as a dustpan, dustbin, or chalk box, and decide the quantity. Second is design and draw, which involves creating simple sketches of the product, marking dimensions, and deciding on the forming technique. Third, you make a prototype using cardboard to understand the design, especially the folds and joints. Fourth, you select materials and tools, such as GI/Aluminium sheets and tin shears for cutting. Fifth, you prepare the product by marking the sheet with a scriber, cutting the metal, and performing required actions like punching, riveting, folding, hammering, or soldering. Finally, you finish the product by smoothing the surfaces, trimming sharp edges, and applying colors.