NCERT Class 9 Skill Education Chapter 4 Additional Vocations

NCERT Class 9 Skill Education Chapter 4 Additional Vocations Solutions English Medium As Per New Syllabus. to each chapter is provided in the list so that you can easily browse through different chapters NCERT Class 9 Skill Education Chapter 4 Additional Vocations Notes and select need one. NCERT Class 9 Skill Education Chapter 4 Additional Vocations Question Answers Download PDF. NCERT Class 9 Skill Education Texbook Solutions.

NCERT Class 9 Skill Education Chapter 4 Additional Vocations

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Additional Vocations

Chapter: 4

TEXTUAL SOLUTIONS

A. Short Question Answer:

1. What do mushrooms grow from instead of seeds? 

Ans: Mushrooms grow from spores.

2. What is the root-like network that absorbs nutrients for mushroom growth called? 

Ans: It is called mycelium.

3. What is the purpose of sterilisation in mushroom farming? 

Ans: Sterilisation is used to clean and remove germs or other organisms from the growth medium, also known as the substrate.

4. What is used as the “seed material” to initiate mushroom growth? 

Ans: Spawn is used as the seed material for mushroom growth.

5. What is the ideal temperature range for the mushroom growing environment? 

Ans: The temperature should be maintained between 25–30°C.

6. What two farming methods does an aquaponics system integrate? 

Ans: Aquaponics naturally integrates aquaculture (fish farming) and hydroponics (plant cultivation).

7. How are plants supported in an aquaponics system? 

Ans: Plants grow without soil and are supported in media beds or on floating rafts.

8. In aquaponics, what converts fish waste into nutrients for the plants?

Ans: Bacteria convert fish waste into nutrients through a process called the nitrogen cycle.

9. What is the function of a biofilter in aquaponics? 

Ans: A biofilter consists of beneficial bacteria which purify the water in the system.

10. What equipment is used to add oxygen for fish in both aquaponics and pisciculture? 

Ans: An aerator is used to add oxygen to the water.

11. What is plankton? 

Ans: Plankton are tiny plants and animals floating in water that serve as natural food for fish.

12.  What is the difference between spawn and juveniles in pisciculture? 

Ans: Spawn are newly hatched baby fish, while juveniles are young fish that are older and stronger.

13. Why are lime and organic manure added to a fish pond? 

Ans: They are added to improve the pond’s soil and water quality.

14. Why is cow dung slurry added to a pond before introducing fish? 

Ans: It is added to stimulate the growth of natural plankton, which acts as a starter food for the fish.

15. What is a brooder in poultry farming? 

Ans: A brooder is a special warm house designed for very young chicks.

16. Why is wet bedding dangerous in a poultry coop? 

Ans: Wet bedding is damp litter on the floor that must be removed because it can cause disease.

17. What bacteria can be found in contaminated poultry water and cause sickness? 

Ans: E. coli is a bacteria found in contaminated water that can cause sickness in both humans and chickens.

18. What is the purpose of providing nesting boxes for backyard poultry? 

Ans: Nesting boxes provide a dedicated space for hens to lay clean and protected eggs.

19. What is lac?

Ans: Lac is a natural resin produced by a tiny insect living on certain trees, which hardens on branches and is collected to make varnish, toys, dyes, and polishes.

20.  What does the process of mulching involve? 

Ans: Mulching involves covering the soil with materials like dry leaves, straw, grass, or plastic sheets to protect the soil and help plants grow better.

B. Long Question Answer:

1. What are the key steps and essential environmental conditions required for successful mushroom cultivation? 

Ans: Successful mushroom cultivation requires specific environmental controls because mushrooms grow from spores and develop through a root-like network called mycelium, rather than from seeds. The ideal environment must be moist, dark, and cool, maintaining a temperature between 25–30°C and humidity levels between 80–90% with good airflow. 

The key steps in this process include:

Site Design and Preparation: Selecting a shaded area for polybags or trays with proper ventilation and humidity controls.

Substrate Preparation: Testing and preparing the growth medium (such as straw, sawdust, or compost), which must then be thoroughly sterilised using a pressure cooker or drum to remove any germs or competing organisms.

Inoculation and Incubation: Adding “spawn”—a substrate already containing growing mycelium—into the sterilised substrate to initiate growth. The inoculated substrate is then incubated until the mycelium spreads throughout the entire medium.

Management and Harvesting: Farmers must continuously monitor moisture levels, tracking humidity and temperature, and ensure the substrate remains damp but not soggy. Harvesting is done when the mushroom caps are fully grown, firm, and white, before they flatten or turn brown.

2. How does an aquaponics system function, and what role does the nitrogen cycle play in this integrated farming method? 

Ans: Aquaponics is a sustainable farming method that efficiently integrates aquaculture (raising fish) with hydroponics (growing plants without soil). In this system, plants are supported in media beds (using materials like gravel or clay pellets) or floating rafts, while water from the fish tank is continuously circulated through the plant beds via pumps and tubing. The success of the system relies heavily on the nitrogen cycle and a biofilter. The biofilter contains beneficial bacteria that naturally colonise the system. These bacteria are responsible for converting the waste produced by the fish into vital nutrients that the plants can absorb. As the plants absorb these nutrients, they effectively filter and purify the water, which is then returned safely to the fish tank. Managing this system requires carefully tracking water levels, flow rates, pH balance (which should be slightly acidic to neutral), and fish feeding to ensure proper nutrient balance and avoid chemical use.