NCERT Class 6 Social Science Chapter 28 Rural Livelihoods

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NCERT Class 6 Social Science Chapter 28 Rural Livelihoods

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Rural Livelihoods

Chapter: 28

SOCIAL AND POLITICAL LIFE [CIVICS]

INTEXT QUESTIONS

Q. 1. You have probably noticed that people in Kalpattu are engaged in a variety of non-farm work. List five of these.

Ans. People in Kalpattu are engaged in a variety of non-farm work.

They are as:

Making baskets, utensils, pots, bricks, bullock-carts etc.

Q. 2. List the different types of people you read about in Kalpattu who depend on farming. Who is the poorest among them and why?

Ans. The different types of people we read about in Kalpattu who depend on farming are:

(a) Thulasi.

(b) Sekar.

(d) Karuthamma.

(e) Aruna.

(f) Paarivelan.

Thulasi and Raman are poorest because they get work only when season demands.

Q. 3. Imagine you are a member of a fishing family and you are discussing whether to take a loan from the bank for an engine. What would you say?

Ans. If I am a member of a fishing family and I am discussing whether to take a loan from the bank for an engine to improve my fishing condition. I would prefer to have.

(a) Catamaran engine which can catch fish from deep water.

(b) It would increase income, reduce time and help in overall development of this occupation.

Q. 4. Poor rural laborers like Thulasi often do not have access to good medical facilities, good schools and other resources. You have read about inequality in the first unit of this text. The difference between her and Ramalingam is one of the inequality. Do you think this is a fair situation? What do you think can be done? Discuss in class.

Ans. No, this is not a fair situation because:

(a) Thulasi is a poor whereas Ramalingam is rich.

(b) Thulasi is a labour whereas Ramalingam is landlord. We have to remove inequality by giving some loans to Thulasi from Ramalingam.

Q. 5. What do you think the government can do to help farmers like Sekar when they get into debt? Discuss.

Ans. The government can help farmers like Sekar when they get into debt by:

(a) Decreasing the rate of interest at which loan is given.

(b) Given compensation in case of a natural disaster.

(d) Formal sources of credit should be increased.

Q. 6. Compare the situation of Sekar and Ramalingam by filling out the following table:

	Sekar	Ramalingam
1. Land cultivated
2. Labour required
3. Loans required
4. Selling of harvest
5. Other work done by them

Ans.

	Sekar	Ramalingam
1. Land cultivated	1. Owner of little cultivated land. The crop grown here is paddy.	1. Owner of large cultivated land The crop grown here is paddy.
2. Labour required	2. During the time of harvesting they need labour otherwise manage to do the work of his own.	2. Fully depends on labour.
3. Loans required	3. Yes.	3. No, but for rice mill they take loan from the bank.
4. Selling of harvest	4. To pay back the loan for seeds and fertilizers, he sold his paddy to the trader at price less than providing in the market.	4. He would sell his paddy in the market if its yield is higher than the consumption in the rice mill.
5. Other work done by them	5. He works in Ramalingam rice mill.	5. He is the owner of the rice mill.

SOME OTHER IMPORTANT QUESTIONS FOR EXAMINATION

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

Q. 1. Where is Kalpattu located?

Ans. Kalpattu is a village close to the sea coast in Tamil Nadu.

Q. 2. Name the non-farm work of Kalpattu.

Ans. The non-farm works of Kalpattu are making baskets, utensils, pots, bricks, bullock carts etc.

Q. 3. Who are the people who provide services?

Ans. The people who provide services are blacksmiths, nurses, teachers, washermen, weavers, barbers and cycle repair mechanics

Q. 4. What is the chief source of livelihood in villages of our country?

What is the primary occupation of people living in rural areas?

Ans. In India most of the people living in villages depend on agriculture for their livelihood.

Q. 5. What is the main source of livelihood in coastal areas?

Ans. Fishing is the main source of livelihood in coastal areas.

Q. 6. What is livelihood?

Ans. Livelihood means earning money.

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

Q. 1. What are the things that tea shopkeeper pack in the tiffin during evening?

Ans. Things tea shopkeeper pack in the tiffin during morning are idli, dosa and upama and snacks like Vadai ponda and Mysore pak in the evening.

Q. 2. Name the plantation and orchards grown in Kalpattu village?

Ans. There are some coconut groves around cotton, sugarcane and plantation are also grown and there are mango orchards too grow in Kalpattu.

Q. 3. From whom does the landless labourers borrow money?

Ans. Landless labourers have to borrow money because their earnings are usually not enough to meet even their basic needs. Also these labourers do not have work throughout the year.

Q. 4. Give a few examples of products that people living near forests collect and sell.

Ans. People living near forests often collect and sell forest products like mahua, tendu leaves, honey etc. to earn their livelihood.

Q. 5. Mention some activities of village women.

Ans. Women in villages have to work very hard. Usually, they do all the household chores like cooking, fetching water, collecting fire wood and so on. In addition, many women work in the fields, milk products and sell vegetables or fish in the local market.

Q. 6. Why do landless labourers migrate to cities?

Ans. Landless labourers migrate to cities in search of work.

Q. 7. Apart from farming, what are the other sources of income in rural areas?

Ans. Fishing, collecting forest products, animal husbandry.

Q. 8. Define rural indebtedness.

Ans. It refers to a condition in which farmers are unable to pay back the money which they have borrowed from rich farmers, shopkeepers, traders or moneylenders.

Q. 9. What is the major cause of distress among farmers?

Ans. Caught in debt and unable to repay the loan is the major cause of distress among farmers.

Q. 10. What are the three handicrafts in which rural people are engaged?

Ans. The three handicrafts in which rural people are engaged are as follows:

(a) Basket weaving.

(b) Pottery making.

Q. 11. What are the difficulties faced by farmers with small landholdings?

Ans. The difficulties faced by farmers with small landholdings are:

(a) No use modern methods of agriculture.

(b) These farmers are always indebted to the moneylenders. (Any one)

Q. 12. What are the different categories of farmers in a village?

Ans. The different categories of farmers in a village are:

(a) large farmers.

(b) middle farmers.

(d) landless farmers.

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

Q. 1. Describe Thulasi’s and Raman’s works in detail.

Ans. Thulasi works on Ramalingam’s land. He had 20 acres of paddy fields in Kalpattu village. Before marriage she was working on the same field and there Karuthamma, Ramalingam’s wife, superviser, both Thulasi and Raman. Thulasi was transplanting the paddy. when plants grown a small path of land. They were again called for weeding out and finally for harvesting. She was called by Ramalingam because he does not go looking for cheaper labour from other villages.

Raman is the husband of Thulasi. He is a labourer. He don’t has own land. The time when the work is going on he sprays pesticides. When there is no work on the farm he finds works outside, either loading sand from the river and stone from the quarry nearby. These things were send to other places to build houses.

Q. 2. What are the household work Thulasi has to do apart from working on the land?

Ans. The household works Thulasi has to do apart from working on the land are:

(a) Cook food.

(b) Clean the house and wash clothes.

(d) Her husband helps in getting materials such as groceries for the house.

Q. 3. Why Thulasi had to sell their cow?

Ans. One of Thulasi’s daughter fell ill and had to be taken to the hospital in town. They had to sell their cow to pay back the money they borrowed from Ramalingam for her treatment.

Q. 4. Name and explain the types of farmers in India.

Ans. There are three kinds of farmers in India, namely:

(a) Large farmers: They are rich farmers and have lots of money. They do not work on the land themselves but employ landless peasants. These rich farmers use their money to buy modern machines and tools to increase agricultural production.

(b) Farmers with small landholdings: There is another group of people who own only a few acres of land. They cultivate the land themselves. They grow only a few crops and are able to produce very little on their land. They produce enough to fulfill their needs and sell the little that is left in the market. Their landholdings are small and they do not use modern methods of agriculture.

(c) Landless peasants: They work for long hours in the fields in tough conditions. As the work is seasonal, they are without work for a large part of the year. They are mostly not educated.

Q. 5. Why do crops fail? Give three reasons.

Ans. Crops fail due to the following reasons:

(a) If the seeds are not of good quality.

(b) If pests attack crops.

Q. 6. Why do farmers have to borrow money?

Ans. Farmers have to borrow money because of the following reasons:

(a) To purchase basic things like seeds, fertilizers and pesticides.

(b) If the seeds are not of good quality or pests attack their crop there can be a major crop failure. This also forces farmers to borrow money.

Q. 7. What do you think the government can do for the farmers to get out of debt?

Ans. The government can help farmers like Sekar when they get into debt by:

(a) Decreasing the rate of interest at which loan is given.

(b) Give compensation in case of a natural disaster.

(d) Formal sources of credits should be increased.

HIGH ORDER THINKING SKILLS

Q. 1. Why do sometimes farmers are caught in the debt? What was the reason of their committing suicide?

Ans. Sometimes farmers are caught in the debt because:

(a) They have to borrow money to purchase basic farming things like seeds, fertilizers and pesticides.

(b) They borrow this money from moneylenders.

(d) The crops can also be ruined if the monsoon does not bring enough rain.

(e) For the family to survive, they may even have to borrow more money.

(f) Soon the loan becomes so large that no matter what they earn, they are unable to repay.

Thus, sometimes they commit suicide due to this distress.

Q. 2. How Ramalingam and Karuthamma received a substantial income?

Ans. Ramalingam and Karuthamma received a substantial income because:

(a) They have owned rice mill and a shop selling seeds, pesticides etc.

(b) For rice mill, they used some of their own money and also borrowed from the bank.

(d) The rice that is produced in the mill is sold to traders in nearby towns.

Thus, they received their income,

Q. 3. Why was the Community Development Programme launched?

Ans. The Community Development Programme was launched in 1952 because of aims like:

(a) Develop the village and improve agricultural production.

(b) The farmers are provided with latest technology.

(d) In other backward areas the government provide landless labourers to make them self-reliant.

Q. 4. Why are local crafts important?

Ans. Local crafts are important because:

(a) Some people work in agro-based industries in people’s home which is known as cottage industries.

(b) Kantha work, glass work, Madhubani ikkat, bandhini etc., are the forms of art work found in specific places.

(d) These artistic traditions provide a source of income for the artisans.

Thus, people are also engaged as blacksmiths, goldsmiths, carpenters, weavers and leather workers.

VALUE BASED QUESTIONS

Q. 1. What type of difficulties are faced by farmers who own small plots of land?

Ans. Difficulties faced by farmers who owned small plot of land are as such:

(a) They own only a few acres of land.

(b) They cultivate the land themselves.

(d) They do not use modern methods of agriculture.

(e) They use cattle to perform their agricultural functions.

(f) They have to borrow money from the moneylenders to buy seeds, fertilizers and pesticides.

Q. 2. How do the farmers earn their living in rural areas?

Ans. In India, nearly two out of every five rural families are agricultural labourers families. They depend on the work they do on other people’s fields to earn their living, since many of them are landless.

Q. 3. What are the sources of income of farmers, other than farming?

Ans. The other sources of income are as follows:

(a) Animal husbandry, dairy produce, fishing etc.

(b) In some villages of central India, both farming and collection from the forests are important sources of livelihood.

(d) Selling milk to the village co-operative society.

OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

l. MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS:

Tick (✓) the correct option:

(a) Catamarans are used for:

(i) animals.

(ii) fishing.

(ii) agriculture.

Ans. (ii) fishing.

(b) Thulasi sold her hybrid cow for the treatment of her:

(i) Son.

(ii) Daughter.

(iii) Husband.

Ans. (ii) Daughter.

(c) When was Community Development Programme launched?

(i) 1953

(ii) 1952

(iii) 1951

Ans. (i) 1952.

II. FILL IN THE BLANKS:

(a) In the villages, there is a local market called as __________.

Ans. haat.

(b) The main occupation in a village is __________.

Ans. agriculture.

(v) Agriculture is an example of __________.

Ans. Primary occupation.

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