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NCERT Class 11 History Chapter 6 The Three Orders
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The Three Orders
Chapter: 6
SECTION – III: CHANGING TRADITIONS
TEXTUAL QUESTIONS ANSWERS
Answer in brief:
Q. 1. Describe two features of early feudal society in France?
Ans. Features of early feudal society:
(i) It was based on the lord-peasants relationship. The peasants offered labour in the service of their lord.
(ii) The lord enjoyed extensive rights over other orders of the society.
(iii) Early society was divided into three orders. These orders were the priests, nobles (nobility) and the peasants. In reality the nobility played a very dominated role in the society.
Q. 2. How did long-term changes in population levels affect economy and society in Europe?
Ans. Long-term changes in population affected the economy and society in Europe in following ways:
(i) It led to an increase in agricultural production as well as good quality of food. It helped to increase in life expectancy.
(ii) Many new towns came into prominence (beings), which became famous as centres of commerce.
Q. 3. Why did knights became a distinct group and when did they decline?
Ans. Local wars became the common feature of the European society during the 9th century. There was also a shortage of trained cavalry for these wars. The adroit horsemen was the need of the hour to win these localised wars among the nobles/feudals. Taking the advantage of this situation, the knights became a distinct group precisely for the achieving this aim. The fall of feudal power (feudalism) paved the way for the decline of knights during the 15th century.
Q. 4. What are the function of medieval monasteries?
Or
Elucidate the religious and other functions of the monasteries?
Ans. The places where few religious figures preferred to live during middle age. Europe were known as monasteries. The functions of the medieval monasteries were.
(i) The people living in monasteries inspired the people to lead a simple life.
(ii) The monasteries also inspired the people to donate.
(iii) They also inspired the people to serve the sick.
(iv) They encourage to develop art and architecture.
ANSWERS IN A SHORT ESSAY:
Q. 5. Imagine and describe a day in the life of a craftsman in a medieval French town?
Ans. It is activity based question. Students are advised to attempt this questions thereself.
Following guidelines are given for them:
(i) Craftsman were very skilled persons.
(ii) They performed their activities under the supervision of guilds.
(iii) Trading guilds controlled their activities.
(iv) Guilds supervise their activities and also took care of their needs.
Q. 6. Compare the conditions of life for a French serf and a Roman slave?
Ans. French serfs: They cultivate land belonged to the lord. Much of the produced from these land was given to the lord. They also had to work belonged exclusively to the land. They were given no wages and also can leave the estate without the prior permission of their master/lord. They could not marry their child according to their wishes. The lord could decide about their fate. As a whole their life was full of misery.
Roman Slaves: Slavery was an institution deeply rooted in the ancient world, both in the Mediterranean and in the Near East, and not even Christianity when it emerged and triumphed as the state religion (in the fourth century) seriously challenged this institution. It does not follow that the bulk of the labour in the Roman economy was performed by slaves. That may have been true of large parts of Italy in the Republican period (under Augustus there were still 3 million slaves in a total Italian population of 7.5 million) but it was no longer true of the empire as a whole.
Slaves were an investment, and at least one Roman agricultural writer adviced landowners against using them in contexts where too many might be required (for example, for harvests) or where their health could be damaged (for example, by malaria). These considerations were not based on any sympathy for the salves but on gard economic calculation. On the other hand , if the Roman upper classes were often brutal towards their salves, ordinary people did something show much more compassion.
