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NCERT Class 10 Social Science Chapter 16 Political Parties
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Political Parties
Chapter – 16
DEMOCRATIC POLITICAL – II (POLITICAL SCIENCE)
TEXT BOOK QUESTIONS
Q. 1. State the various functions political parties perform in a democracy.
Or
Discuss the various functions performed by a political party.
Answer: Functions performed by political parties in a democracy: Now-a-days no democratic country can think to work politically without political parties. They play a major role in democracy.
Political Parties performed various functions.
We can discuss some of them in the following way:
(i) To contest elections: Political parties contest elections to win the majority and form the government at various levels such as central, state and local levels. They select their candidates who contest the election as a party nominee in the elections. The candidates are chosen either by the top leaders of the party or by a group of members holding top position in the party.
(ii) To form and run the government: The political party that wins the majority in the elections forms the government. Such a party is called the ruling party. It forms and then runs the government.
(iii) Law making: All political parties whether ruling or playing the role of opposition parties in the parliament or in any legislative assembly or local government body play a very important role in making the law for the country or a state or region.
(iv) Role of the opposition: The political party that loses the elections forms the opposition group or party and plays the role of opposition. Opposition political party keeps a check on the ruling party. It criticizes the wrong policies and programmes of the government. They make the public opinion by criticizing the wrong policies of the government on the floor of the house or even outside of the houses.
(v) As a link between the public and the government: Now-a-days most of the countries are having representatives for restoring democracy. The political parties form the important link between the public and the government. In a democracy ultimately the power rests with the voters or with the public of the country. The political parties take the grievances of the public to the government official, and try to redress them.
Q. 2. What are the various challenges faced by political parties?
Or
Describe the different challenges faced by political parties?
Answer: In a democracy political parties face various different types of challenges.
We can briefly mention these challenges under the following headings:
(i) Meaningful choice to the voters: All political parties have to feel the pulse of the voters. Voters want a candidate which may prove himself or herself as a very good choice for them. Infact all political parties know that their opponents or rival political parties also try to give the same policies and programmes which are liked by the majority of the voters. If we go deeply to find out the various types of policy and programmes and different political parties we find that there is no clear difference between them and during elections as such voters do not have a meaningful choice among the different political parties.
(ii) Lack of internal democracy: Generally, most of the political parties lack internal democracy. A few leaders of the top position decide everything or every matter of the party. Even after thumping majority or good success, the ordinary members and even the public are completely ignored.
(iii) Dynastic succession: In India or even some other countries also real power in a political party is occupied by the members of a family. This dynastic rule sometimes proves a great hurdle in the functioning of political parties as well as far right democracy.
(iv) Money power and muscle power: Now-a-days elections are very costly. A lot of money is required to contest and win the elections. After winning the elections, the political parties try to fund wealth for the next election or for their near and dear. In other words we can say the role of money power promotes corruption before, during and even after elections.
Like money power, muscle power also plays a major role in winning the elections. Criminals or even the law breakers get tickets from the political parties. They directly or indirectly threaten and provoke the voters. Poor or weaker sections of the society do not cast their votes freely.
Q. 3. Suggest some reforms to strengthen parties so that they perform their functions well.
Answer: (i) Leaders require self-introspection and reflexivity. They should understand their liability to each individual (citizen) of the country in the perspective of their all-round development. They should understand the essence of historical events in which unruly leaders finally met to gross extermination and annihilation.
(ii) They should abide by the anti-defection law with letter and spirit.
(iii) They should submit an affidavit free from misrepresentation of facts and details given by each candidate, and should be vouched by authorities concerned.
(iv) Directions of the Election Commission to political parties regarding organizational elections and filing income tax return, should be followed sincerely.
(v) A law should be made to regulate the internal affairs of political parties. It should oversee if register of members to political parties is maintained, laws and by-laws are followed and open elections to the highest posts are held democracy.
(vi) Women representation about one-third to be accepted by each political party. Quota for women in decision-making body is necessary.
(vii) Funding of elections to parties from government coffers also a reform in this direction. Quantum of fund can be decided on the basis of the votes secured by the party in the last election.
(viii) People can put pressure on political parties through petitions, publicity and agitations.
Q. 4. What is a political party?
Answer: A political party is a group of people who come together to contest elections and hold power in the government.
Every political party have three common components:
(a) the leader.
(b) the active members.
(c) the transparent policy.
Q. 5. What are the characteristics of a political party?
Answer: Characteristics of a political party:
(i) A political party is a synonym to democracy all in the visible form.
(ii) A political party is a fundamental political division in a society.
(iii) A political party has three components:
(a) the leaders.
(b) the active members. and
(c) the transparent policy.
(iv) A political party makes an effort to promote collective good for the society through its policies and plans.
(v) A political party tries to persuade people why its policies are better than other parties.
(vi) Each political party is registered with Election Commission of India and drafta a manifesto containing a list of works that party would perform if voted to power by people in respective elections.
(vii) Each party puts forward, different policies and programmes and these are the people who choose, what is suitable to them.
Q. 6. A group of people who come together to contest elections and hold power in the government is called a ____________.
Answer: A group of people who come together to contest elections and hold power in the government is called a political party.
Q. 7. Match List-I (organizations and struggles) with List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists:
| List-I | List-II |
| 1. Congress Party | (A) National Democratic Alliance |
| 2. Bharatiya Janata Party | (B) State Party |
| 3. Communist Party of India (Marxist) | (C) United Progressive Alliance |
| 4. Telugu Desam Party | (D) Left Front |
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |
| (a) | C | A | B | D |
| (b) | C | D | A | B |
| (c) | C | A | D | B |
| (d) | D | C | A | B |
Answer:
| (c) | C | A | D | B |
Q. 8. Who among the following is the founder of the Bahujan Samaj Party?
(A) Kanshi Ram.
(B) Sahu Maharaj.
(C) B.R. Ambedkar.
(D) Jyotiba Phule.
Answer: (A) Kanshi Ram.
Q. 9. What is the guiding philosophy of the Bharatiya Janata Party?
(A) Bahujan Samaj.
(B) Revolutionary democracy.
(C) Integral humanism.
(D) Rast rawad (Nationalism).
Answer: (C) Integral humanism.
Q. 10. Consider the following state. ments on parties:
(A) Political parties do not enjoy much trust among the people.
(B) Parties are often rocked by scandals involving top party leaders.
(C) Parties are not necessary to run governments.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
(a) A, B and C.
(b) A and B.
(c) B and C.
(d) A and C.
Answer: (b) A and B.
Q. 11. Read the following passage and answer the questions given below:
Muhammed Yunus is a famous economist of Bangladesh. He received several international honour for his efforts to promote socio-economic and social development for the benefit of the poor. He and the Grameen Bank, for this great initiative he started jointly received the Nobel peace prize for the year, 2006. In February, 2007 he decided to launch a political party and contest in the parliamentary elections. His objective was to foster proper leadership, good governance and build a new Bangladesh. He felt that only a political party different from the traditional ones would bring about new political culture. His party would be democratic from the grassroot level.
The launching of the new party, called Nagarik Shakti (Citizens’ Power), has caused a stir among the Bangladeshis. While many his decision welcomed, some did not like it. “Now I think Bangladesh will have a chance to choose between good and bad and eventually have a good government”. said Shahedul Islam, a government official, “That government, we hope, would not only keep itself away from corruption but also make fighting corruption and black money a top priority.”
But leaders of traditional political parties who dominated the country’s politics for decades were apprehensive. “There was no debate (over him) winning the Nobel, but politics is different-very challenging and often controversial” said a senior leader of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party. Some others were highly critical. They asked why he was rushing into politics. “Is “Is he being planted in politics by mentors from outside the country,” asked one political observer.
(a) Do you think Yunus made a right decision to float a new political party?
Answer: Yes, it is a right decision of Muhammad Yunks to float the Nagrik Shakti (Citizens’ Power) party in Bangladesh to fight corruption in Bangladesh.
(b) Do you agree with the statements and fears expressed by various people?
Answer: No. I do not agree with statements and fears expressed by various people because these are baseless. It is usual that people always have different opinions because of their taking things for direct benefit or advantages. Corruption-free people like the first government officials, appreciate such steps while- the bureaucrats and representatives profiteering through corrupt practices, will naturally criticize likewise efforts.
(c) How do you want this new party organized to make it different from other parties?
Answer: It will make it different because of being its leader, eminent scholar (awardee of Nobel Peace Prize, 2006) and the fund he has from Grameen Bank set-up by him. He can launch policies and programmes for the common good of people in Bangladesh without any impediments- that generally bring in deadlock to implementation of policies.
(d) If you were the one to begin this political party, how would you defend it?
Answer: I would have defended likewise political parties by opening branch offices in each nook and corner of the country. It would develop direct interaction with people in country side and towns. Time-to-time surveys, meetings, seminars, workshops etc., would have won the confidence of people. I would have also set-up a study cell to write articles on contemporary events, their consequences and an appropriate course of action that might have cured flaws and defects. My Grameen Bank would have launched certain plans, schemes to provide credit facilities at reasonable rate of interest with all needy people. These, all efforts would have definitely made my party’s stronghold in Bangladesh.