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NCERT Class 10 Social Science Chapter 17 Outcomes of Democracy
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Outcomes of Democracy
Chapter – 17
DEMOCRATIC POLITICAL – II (POLITICAL SCIENCE)
TEXT BOOK QUESTIONS
Q. 1. How does a democracy produce an accountable, responsive and legitimate government?
Answer: (i) Ruling party is responsible for its decisions or actions and explains them when so asked by people under democracy. Its accountability prevails.
(ii) Democracy is responsible to the people of the country. It cares about the opinions, needs and expectations of the citizens.
(iii) Democracy is a legitimate government because after every four or five years people are given the right to elect their government. Thus, the major party or groups of political parties form the government.
Q. 2. What are the conditions under which democracies accommodate social diversities?
Answer: (i) Power sharing at grassroot levels.
(ii) Allowing equal participation in the political process.
(iii) Majority is not taken in terms of perception i.e. recognition, ethnicity, language, etc., but in concept-all reasonable and duly thought over.
(iv) Rule by majority should not become rule of a community in terms of religion or race or linguistic group. Every citizen should have a chance of being a part of the majority in one case or the other for a healthy democracy.
Q. 3. Give arguments to support or oppose the following assertions:
(a) Industrialized countries can afford democracy but the poor lead by dictatorship to become richer and utilized as a tool for their market oriented interest.
Answer: Opposition: Although it is true that rates of economic growth in poor countries under dictatorship are a little bit higher than poor countries.
Under democracy so far as living with dignity and respect at individual level is concerned better.
(b) Democracy can’t reduce inequality of peternal income between different citizens.
Answer: Support: The statement is wrong that state democracy cannot reduce inequality of incomes between different citizens. Democracy provides political equality i.e., right to vote and other rights but rich people enjoy a highly disproportionate share of wealth and incomes. They dominate the politics of the country. Rich people are becoming more rich and the poor find it difficult to fulfill their basic needs.
(c) Governments in poor countries should spend less on poverty eradication, food, clothing, health, education and spend more on industries and infrastructure.
Answer: Opposition: These are all basic needs to see each citizen has access to them. Hence, priority to expenses on eradication of poverty, food, clothing, health and education is to be given over industries and infrastructure. The latter are for citizens and citizens are not for them. Healthy and educated people naturally will seek out these means of survival when they are brought up to their prime.
(d) In democracy all citizens have one vote, which means that there is absence of any domination and conflict.
Answer: Support: I agree with this statement but it is difficult to arrive at that level of consensus in each individual. The British has Pulled infected viruses of domination and subordination within the veins of people in third world countries including India. Everyone escapes from fundamental duties but each one is tempted to fundamental rights. People discrimination and utilization of wrongful earning is common practice and forces laborer’s to raise their voice against democratic rights from time to time which is a healthy sign of a democracy.
Q. 4. Identify the challenges to democracy in the following descriptions. Also suggest policy / institutional mechanism to deepen democracy in the given situations:
(a) Following a High Court directive a temple in Odisha that had separate entry doors for Dalits and non-Dalits allowed entry for all from the same door.
Answer: Democracy enhances the dignity of an individual.
Suggestion: It is elimination on the basis of social hierarchy. Anti-untouchability laws should be followed strictly even prior to intervention of judiciary or law courts.
(b) A large number of farmers are committing suicide in different states of India.
Answer: There is a challenge of poverty.
Suggestion: Farmers’ associations, sectional pressure groups and local MLAs and MPs should put pressure on the government to run agricultural insurance and credit policy in an efficient manner.
(c) Following allegation of killing of three civilians in Gandwara in a fake encounter by Jammu and Kashmir police, an enquiry has been ordered.
Answer: It is a challenge to the expansion of democracy.
Suggestion: Government should amend laws conferring the right to encounter operations with law enforcing agencies.
Q. 5. In the context of democracies which of the following ideas is correct-Democracies have successfully eliminated:
(A) conflicts among people.
Answer: Incorrect.
(B) economic inequalities among people.
Answer: Incorrect.
(C) differences of opinion about how marginalized sections are to be treated.
Answer: Incorrect.
(D) the idea of political inequality.
Answer: Correct.
Q. 6. In the context of assessing democracy which among the following is an odd one out. Democracies need to ensure:
(A) free and fair elections.
(B) dignity of the individual.
(C) majority rule.
(D) equal treatment before law.
Answer: (D) equal treatment before law.
Q. 7. Studies on political and social inequalities in democracy show that
(A) Democracy and development go together with knowledge.
(B) The laws of democratic right exist in democracies.
(C) Inequalities do not exist under dictatorship.
(D) Dictatorship is better than democracy.
Answer: (B) Inequalities exist in democracies.
Q. 8. Read the passage below:
Nannu is a daily wage earner. He lives in Welcome Mazdoor Colony, a slum habitation in East Delhi. He lost his ration card and applied for a duplicate one in January, 2004. He made several rounds of the local Food and Civil Supplies Office for the next three months. But the clerks and officials would not even look at him, leave alone to do his job or bother to tell him the status of his application. Ultimately, when he filed an application under the Right to
Information Act asking for the daily progress made on his application, names of the officials who were supposed to act on his application and what action would be taken against these officials for their inaction. Within a week of filing application under Right to Information Act, he was visited by an inspector from the Food Department, who informed him that the card had been made and he could collect it from the office. When Nannu went to collect his card the next day, he was given a very warm treatment by the Food and Supply Officer (FSO), who is the head of a circle. The FSO offered him tea and requested him to withdraw his application under Right to Information, since his work had already been done. [Impact of Right)
What does Nannu’s example show? What impact did Nannu’s action have on officials? Ask your parents their experiences when they approach government officials to attend to their problems?
Answer: (i) Nannu’s example shows that the Right to Information Act is very important, useful and it forces the government official and head of the department to initiate action on time promptly as a part of duty.
(ii) Such offenses in the Food and Civil Supplies Department would strengthen the duty implementation applications of people like Nannu in future.
(iii) I have asked my parents about their experiences when they approach government officials to attend to their problems. They told me that likewise carelessness is adopted by officials in each government department or offices. They make people wander to and fro even for the matters that fall in their routine. But overall it somehow protects the rights of civilians and enhances democracy on a grand level.