Class 9 Social Political Science Chapter 2 Types or Classification of Government The answer to each chapter is provided in the list so that you can easily browse throughout different chapters Assam Board Class 9 Social Political Science Chapter 2 Types or Classification of Government and select needs one.
Class 9 Social Political Science Chapter 2 Types or Classification of Government
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Types or Classification of Government
Chapter: 2
POLITICAL SCIENCE AND ECONOMICS
Give very short answer:
Q.1: Who was the first political philosopher to classify the government?
Ans: Plato.
Q.2: Which is the most popular government in the world at present?
Ans: Democracy.
Q.3: Give the name of a state having a parliamentary form of government.
Ans: India.
Q.4: Who is the head of the government and the head of the state in the parliamentary form of government?
Ans: The prime minister is the head of the government, the king or the queen (nominal executive) is the head of the state.
Q.5: In what type of government is the principle of separation of power found?
Ans: The presidential form of government.
Q.6: Give the name of a state having presidential form of government?
Ans: The United States of America (USA).
Q.7: Give the name of a state having a unitary form of government?
Ans: Great Britain (England).
Q.8: What are the two governments found in the federal form of government?
Ans: (i) Central government
(ii) Provincial government
Q.9: Which type of government is found in Switzerland?
Ans: Federal form of government.
Q.10: Is there the system of dual citizenship in India?
Ans: No.
GIVE SHORT ANSWER:
Q.1: What are the different types of government prevalent in the world at present?
Ans: The different types of government prevalent in the world at present are:
(i) Parliamentary
(ii) Federal
(iii) Unitary
(iv) Presidential.
Q.2: Give the two characteristics of the parliamentary form of government?
Ans: Two characteristics of the parliamentary form of government are:
(i) India has a Parliamentary system of Governance. In a Parliamentary system, the Parliament is a supreme authority representing people.
(ii) The Legislature at the Union is the Parliament.
The Parliament is bicameral means it has two houses: Upper House and Lower House. Upper House is called RajyaSabha. Lower House is known as Lok Sabha.
Q.3: Write briefly about the two merits and two demerits of the parliamentary form of government.
Ans: The Parliamentary form of government has its own merits and demerits.
Two Merits of Parliamentary Form Of Government:
(i) The executive is part of the legislature under a Parliamentary system, and the dominant party usually has a grip in parliament, making it easier to pass and enforce laws and policies.
(ii) The parliamentary system, as opposed to the presidential system, allows for a lot more coordination because the government’s departments are rigidly segregated from one another.
Two Demerits of Parliamentary Form Of Government:
(i) In this type of government system the party consideration get significant upper hand.
(ii) The ministers of the Parliamentary government are generally found to be inexperience in the departmental activities and as such they become highly dependent on the bureaucrats.
Q.4: What is meant by the Principle of Separation of Power?
Ans: Separation of powers is an organizational structure where responsibilities, authorities, and powers are divided between groups rather than being centrally held. Separation of powers is most closely associated with political systems, in which the legislative, executive, and judicial powers of government are vested in separate bodies.
Q.5: Give the two characteristics of the presidential form of government?
Ans: Two characteristics of the presidential form of government are:
(i) No distinction between the Head of the state and the Head of the government.
(ii) Principals of the Separation of Power.
Q.6: Write briefly about two merits and two demerits of the unitary form of government.
Ans: Two merits and demerits of the unitary form of government are:
Merits Of Unitary Form Of Government:
(i) Suitable for small countries.
(ii) There is no conflict of authority and responsibility.
Demerits of Unitary Form Government:
(i) The central government will have to tackle so many complex problems that lead to administrative delay.
(ii) The central government will not concentrate on local problems, local interest and initiative.
GIVE LONG ANSWER:
Q.1: Write the merits and demerits of the presidential form of government.
Ans: Merits of Presidential Form of Government:
One of the best benefits of a Presidential system is that it can prove to be the most appropriate solution in an emergency situation.
(i) Limited influence of the party system: Since the tenure of the government is set, political parties do not try to overthrow it.
(ii) Separation of powers: Since the three branches of the government are autonomous from one another, administration efficiency is significantly increased.
(iii) Stability: This form of government has stability. He need not be worried about losing the government because the president’s tenure is fixed and not dependent on legislative support.
(vi) Expert government: Because the president can appoint experts in numerous fields to lead pertinent departments or ministries, the executive branch is not required to be made up of legislators. This will guarantee that the government comprises skilled and knowledgeable individuals.
Demerits of Presidential Form of Government:
Apart from all the advantages that the Presidential system has, it also possesses many disadvantages.
(i) Appointment on personal basis: The ministers and the secretaries are appointed on personal basis rather than on eligibility and experience.
(ii) Lack of flexibility: A Presidential form of government is often titled a rigid one. It is said to be of a non-flexible nature.
(iii) Faulty system: Owing to the separation of powers between the two branches of executive and legislative, there is a lack of harmony between the two. This leads to decreased efficiency of the system.
(iv) Risk of despotism: The President is the only Head of the State and the Government which increases the risk of him becoming despotic. He enjoys absolute control and power over the whole country and his tenure is also fixed.
(v) Possibility of a stand-off: Due to the power separation between the executive and legislative branches, there is always a possibility of a rift between the two organs of the government.
Q.2: Write the characteristics of the parliamentary form of government.
Ans: Parliamentary system has been taken from the United Kingdom because U.K. constitution is
the mother constitution of parliamentarianism. It is also called the ministerial or cabinet system. Cabinet or parliamentary form of government is that in which;
The main characteristics of the parliamentary form of government are:
(i) The executive or the prime minister and the council of ministers of the legislature too.
(ii) Legislature and executive are closely related and share powers with each other.
(iii) President represents state and Prime Minister represents government.
(iv) Cabinet is formed by the parliament and parliament is the superior organ.
(v) Cabinet is responsible before the legislature.
(vi) There are two executives i.e. the elected president or king and the Prime Minister.
O.3: Write the characteristics of the Federal type of government.
Ans. The characteristics of the Federal government:
(a) Decentralization of power: The decentralization of power between the central government and the governments of the constituent provinces is the chief characteristic of the Federal government.
(b) Separation of power: The three organs in the federal government namely (1) the Executive (2) the legislature (3) the Judiciary are completely independent in their own sphere. None of them is the substitute of one another.
(c) The written and the rigid constitution: The constitution in the federal type of government is written as well as rigid in nature. So the process of amending the constitutional provisions is also very difficult.
(d) Two types of government: There are two types of government in the federal type of government. One is the central government and the other type is the provincial governments. Both the type of governments possess their own respective constitutions.
(e) Dual citizenship: In the states having the federal type of government the people are entitled to two types of citizenship. Apart from being the citizen of the whole state, the citizens inhabiting the constituent provinces also get separate identity as the citizen of the respective province where they reside.
(f) Independent Judiciary: In the federal type of government there exists a free and independent Judiciary which performs the duty of the supreme authority and the guardian of the federal constitution.
Q.4: Write the characteristics of the unitary form of government.
Ans: The main characteristics of the unitary form of government are:
(i) Lack of division of power between center and units (states): In unitary government, constitution does not divide the power structure between center and states. There is only one source of governance, that is the central government.
(ii) To divide the state into different units: In this government, states are divided into different parts for administrative convenience. These parts (units) are known by the names state, province, department or commune, etc.
(iii) Powers of governance centralized in central government: In unitary government, the constitution provides all powers of governance to the central government, and as such, in this system of governance, there is a concentration of powers of governance with the central government.
(iv) The basis of powers of states central will: As unitary units (states) are representatives of the central government, constitution is not the basis of their powers of governance and autonomy, instead, it is a will of the central government.
(v) Central government ‘all powerful’: In this system, central government is all powerful. Its other elements have neither any independence nor any fundamental power. These are mere representatives of central government.
Q.5: Is the unitary form of government really democratic? Give a critical analysis.
Ans: The Unitary form of government is not really democratic because of the following reasons:
(a) The common people do not get proper opportunities to participate actually is political affair is Unitary form of government.
(b) The Unitary form of government is like bureaucrats runs the functions of the government.
(c) There is enough change in this form of government to become autocratic like Monarchy. Lack of division of administrative power separates the mass from governmental activities.
(d) This type of government is not suitable for a state which is very big in size. For example, In India Unitary system can not cope out the Central and State affairs property.
(e) The regional problems do not get due importance in Unitary form of government. Although there exists some regional units for administration but these units has been failed to resolve the problems because such regional and local units has been failed to resolve the problems because such regional and local units fo not passes independence. Their actual power is controlled by the Centre.
Thus, Unitary form of government may not be considered as democratic in real sense.
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Very short answers, q.2 should’nt that be parliamentary form of government?