Class 12 Logic and Philosophy Important Chapter 5 Realism: Naive and Scientific

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Class 12 Logic and Philosophy Important Chapter 5 Realism: Naive and Scientific

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Realism: Naive and Scientific

Chapter: 5

IMPORTANT QUESTION AND ANSWER

Answer the Following Question:

1. What is Naive Realism?

Ans: Naive Realism, also called Popular Realism, asserts that the external world exists independently of the mind, and objects in the world possess qualities that are directly perceived by the senses without any mediation.

2. Who coined the term ‘Naive Realism’?

Ans: The term ‘Naive Realism’ was coined by Durant Drake in his book Invitation to Philosophy (1933).

3. What does Scientific Realism assert about the external world?

Ans: Scientific Realism asserts that the external world exists independently of the knower’s mind and that we can only know an object through its qualities, which may not always be directly perceived.

4. How does Naive Realism view the relationship between objects and knowledge?

Ans: Naive Realism views the relationship as direct; the object of knowledge is exactly as it is perceived, and there is no mediator between the knower and the object.

5. What is the main criticism of Naive Realism?

Ans: Naive Realism is criticized for overemphasizing perception, failing to account for illusions, errors, and subjective variations in perception, and it cannot explain the complexities of knowledge.

6. What distinction does Locke make in his Scientific Realism?

Ans: Locke distinguishes between primary qualities (e.g., extension, weight) that are mind-independent and secondary qualities (e.g., color, taste) that are mind-dependent.

7. What is the concept of ‘Direct Realism’?

Ans: Direct Realism, another name for Naive Realism, claims that objects exist exactly as they are perceived by the senses, without any mediation by the mind.

8. What does Locke’s Scientific Realism claim about knowledge?

Ans: Locke’s Scientific Realism claims that knowledge of objects is indirect, obtained through ideas or representations of the objects, and not through direct perception of the objects themselves.

9. What is the ‘Correspondence Theory of Truth’ in Naive Realism?

Ans: The Correspondence Theory of Truth in Naive Realism asserts that truth consists in the agreement between the perceptions of the knower and the reality of the external world.

10. What is the criticism regarding Locke’s distinction between primary and secondary qualities?

Ans: Critics argue that Locke’s distinction between primary and secondary qualities fails to bridge the gap between the objective world and subjective perception and leads to uncertainty about the true nature of knowledge.

Fill in the Blanks:

1. Naive Realism is also known as __________ Realism.

Ans: Popular.

2. In Scientific Realism, primary qualities are __________ of the mind, while secondary qualities are __________ of the mind.

Ans: Independent; dependent.

3. Naive Realism claims that knowledge of the external world is acquired through __________.

Ans: Perception.

4. According to Locke’s Scientific Realism, knowledge is acquired through __________ or __________ of objects.

Ans: Representations; copies.

5. The process of knowing in Scientific Realism is __________, as the object of knowledge cannot be known directly.

Ans: Indirect.