Class 12 Logic and Philosophy Important Chapter 4 Mill’s Methods of Experimental Enquiry

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Class 12 Logic and Philosophy Important Chapter 4 Mill’s Methods of Experimental Enquiry

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Mill’s Methods of Experimental Enquiry

Chapter: 4

IMPORTANT QUESTION AND ANSWER

Answer the Following Question:

1. What is the primary aim of Mill’s inductive methods?

Ans: The primary aim of Mill’s inductive methods is to establish causal connections between phenomena.

2. What does the term ‘elimination’ refer to in Mill’s methods?

Ans: Elimination refers to rejecting accidental and irrelevant circumstances while identifying causal relationships.

3. Who was the first to propose the addition of the doctrine of method in logic?

Ans: Peter Ramus was the first to propose the addition of the doctrine of method in logic.

4. What is the method of Agreement?

Ans: The Method of Agreement states that if two or more instances of a phenomenon have only one circumstance in common, that circumstance is the cause or effect of the phenomenon.

5. What is the Method of Difference?

Ans: The Method of Difference involves comparing two instances: one where the phenomenon occurs and one where it does not, and identifying the one difference that causes the effect.

6. What does the Joint Method of Agreement and Difference involve?

Ans: It involves comparing two sets of instances: one where the phenomenon occurs and one where it does not, to find a common circumstance in the positive set and absence in the negative set, leading to causal conclusions.

7. What is the Method of Concomitant Variation?

Ans: The Method of Concomitant Variation states that if one phenomenon varies in a particular manner whenever another phenomenon varies, they are causally related.

8. What is the Method of Residues?

Ans: The Method of Residues involves subtracting known causes from a complex event to determine the remaining causes for the phenomenon.

9. What is the significance of the Law of Causation in Mill’s methods?

Ans: The Law of Causation asserts that every event has a cause, which Mill’s methods rely on to determine cause-effect relationships.

10. What is the role of observation in Mill’s methods?

Ans: Observation plays a crucial role in Mill’s methods, especially in the Method of Agreement, where events are observed to identify common circumstances.

Fill in the Blanks:

1. Mill’s methods are a part of the __________ method, which is concerned with discovering causal connections.

Ans: Inductive.

2. The Method of __________ involves comparing two instances to identify the cause or effect of a phenomenon.

Ans: Difference.

3. The Method of __________ involves subtracting known causes to identify the remaining causes of a complex effect.

Ans: Residues.

4. The Method of __________ states that if two instances have only one circumstance in common, that circumstance is the cause of the phenomenon.

Ans: Agreement.

5. The Method of __________ states that phenomena vary in some manner whenever another phenomenon varies in a particular manner.

Ans: Concomitant Variation.