Class 12 Geography Chapter 4 Human Development Question answer to each chapter is provided in the list so that you can easily browse throughout different chapters SCERT Class 12 Geography Chapter 4 Human Development and select need one.
Class 12 Geography Chapter 4 Human Development
Also, you can read the SCERT book online in these sections Solutions by Expert Teachers as per SCERT (CBSE) Book guidelines. These solutions are part of SCERT All Subject Solutions. Here we have given Assam Board/NCERT Class 12 Geography Chapter 4 Human Development Solutions for All Subject, You can practice these here…
Human Development
Chapter: 4
PART-1
GEOGRAPHY
TEXTUAL QUESTION & ANSWER
Choose the right answer from the following alternatives given below :
Q.1. Which one of the following best describes development?
(a) An increase in size
(b) A constant in
(c) A positive change in quality
(d) A simple change in the quality
Ans :- (c) A positive change in quality
Q.2. Which one of the following countries shows high human development?
(a) Japan
(b) Norway
(c) Argentina
(d) Egypt
Ans :- (a) Japan.
VERY SHORT TYPE QUESTION & ANSWER
Q.3. What is human development?
Ans :- Human development means qualitative change of human which is always value positive.
Q.4. Name two components of human development.
Ans :- Two components of human development are equity and productivity.
Q.5. Who developed the concept of human development?
Ans :- Dr Mahbub-ul-Haq developed the concept of human development.
Q.6. What is Adult Literacy?
Ans :- The population above 15 years, which are able to read, write and express are called adult literacy.
Q.7. What do you mean by a Meaningful Life?
Ans :- Meaningful life means that people must be healthy, be able to develop their talents, participate in society and be free to achieve their goals.
SHORT TYPE QUESTION & ANSWER : (MARKS -3)
Q.8. What are the basic components of human development?
Ans :- The basic components of human development are :
(i)Equity
(ii) Sustainability
(iii) Productivity
(iv) Empowerment
Q.9. How are countries classified on the basis of human development index?
Ans :- Human development index measures average achievement in three husie dimensions of human development – These are a long life or healthy life, knowledge and a decent standard of living. It is used to distinguish whether the country is a developed, a developing or an underdeveloped country and also to measure the impact of economic policies on quality of life.
Countries fall into four broad human categories — very high, high, Medium, and Lao.
Human development : categories, criteria and number of countries are shown in the following table :
| Level of Human Development | Score in Development Index | Name of countries |
| 1. Very high 2. High 3. Medium 4. Low | 1. above O.793 2. 0.698-0.793 3. 0.522-0.698 4. below 0.522 | 1. 47 2.47 3.47 4. 46 |
The closer a score is to one, the greater is the level of human development High level of the development group has 47 countries. Providing education and healthcare is the main priority of such countries. A lot of investment in the social sector has taken place.
There are a large number of countries in the medium level of human development. Most of these are countries which have emerged in the period after the second world war.
Low level of the development group has 46 Countries. A large number of Countries in this low group have been going through political turmoil and social instability in the form of civil war, famine or a high incidence of diseases.
However the countries are categorised on the basis of human development Index.
Q.10. What does human development index measure?
Ans :- The Human development index ranks the countries based on their performance in the key areas of health, education and to resources. These rankings are based on a score between 0 to 1 that a country earns from its record in the key areas of human development. It measures attainments in human development. It reflects what has been achieved in the key areas of human development.
Q.11. What is a Human Development Report?
Ans :- Human development report (HDR) is an annual milestone published by the Human Development Report Office of the United Nations Development Programme. According to this report a country can be categorised whether she is developed or not.
Q.12. What are the basic areas of Human Development?
Ans :- The basic areas of Human Development are – Leading a long and healthy life, being able to gain knowledge, having enough means to be able to lead a decent life.
| Sl. No. | CONTENTS |
| PART-1 | |
| Chapter 1 | Human Geography Nature & Scope |
| Chapter 2 | The World Population Distribution, Density & Growth |
| Chapter 3 | Population Composition |
| Chapter 4 | Human Development |
| Chapter 5 | Primary Activities |
| Chapter 6 | Secondary Activities |
| Chapter 7 | Tertiary and Quaternary Activities |
| Chapter 8 | Transport and Communication |
| Chapter 9 | International Trade |
| Chapter 10 | Human Settlement |
| PART-2 | |
| Chapter 11 | Population Structure of India |
| Chapter 12 | Migration Pattern in India |
| Chapter 13 | Human Resources Department |
| Chapter 14 | Human Settlement of India |
| Chapter 15 | Land Resource and Agriculture |
| Chapter 16 | India’s Water Resources |
| Chapter 17 | Mineral and Fuel Resources in India |
| Chapter 18 | Manufacturing Industries of India |
| Chapter 19 | Planning and Sustainable Development in Indian Context |
| Chapter 20 | Transport and Communication in India |
| Chapter 21 | International Trade |
| Chapter 22 | Problems and Issues Geographical Perspective |
| PART-3 | |
| Chapter 23 | Assam Geography |
Q.13. How do you classify countries on the basis of the Human Development Index?
Ans :- Human development index measures average achievement in three house dimensions of human development – These are a long life or healthy life, knowledge, and a decent standard of living. It is used to distinguish whether the country is a developed, a developing, or an underdeveloped country and also to measure the impact of economic policies on quality of life.
Countries fall into four broad human categories — very high, high, Medium, and Lao.
Human development : categories, criteria and number of countries are shown in the following table :
| Level of Human Development | Score in Development Index | Name of countries |
| 1. Very high 2. High 3. Medium 4. Low | 1. above O.793 2. 0.698-0.793 3. 0.522-0.698 4. below 0.522 | 1. 47 2.47 3.47 4. 46 |
The closer a score is to one, the greater is the level of human development High level of the development group has 47 countries. Providing education and healthcare is the main priority of such countries. A lot of investment in the social sector has taken place.
There are large number of countries in the medium level of human
development. Most of these are countries which have emerged in the period after the second world war.
Low level of the development group has 46 Countries. A large number of Countries in this low group have been going through political turmoil and social instability in the form of civil war, famine or a high incidence of diseases.
However the countries are categorised on the basis of human development Index.
LONG TYPE QUESTION & ANSWERS (MARKS-5) 100 WORDS
Q.1. Give reasons why Human Development is necessary.
Ans :- For a developing Country, a healthy country, an educationally progressed country, Human should be developed in that country. We all know that means a qualitative change which is always value positive. There are some areas for qualitative change.
These are :
(i) Leading a long and healthy life
(ii) Being able to gain knowledge
(iii) Having enough means to be able to lead a decent life.
Lack of any one of above, a man can’t be called a developed person. All three together make a person a developed person and all developed people create a developed society and a developed country.
The people must be healthy to gain knowledge, be able to develop their talents, participate in society and be free to achieve their goal. Then a man spend his meaningful life —
That is why Human development is necessary.
LONG TYPE QUESTION & ANSWERS (MARKS-5)
Q.1. What is the concept of human development? Describe the indicators used in computing the Human Development Index.
Ans :- Development means a qualitative change which is always value positive. So human development means a qualitative change of man or human which is always value positive. It is the process of enlarging people’s choice. Human development cannot take place unless there is an increment or addition to the existing conditions. It occurs when the growth will be positive.
If the population of a country grows very highly, over a period, we can’t say that the country is developed or the humans of that country are developed. This means the idea of human development refers the quality of life people enjoy in a country, the opportunities they have and freedom they enjoy
The concept of human development was introduced by Dr. Mahbub-ul Haq. He has described human development as development that enlarges people’s choices and improves their lives. People are central to all development under this concept. The basic goal of development is to create conditions where people can live meaningful lives. Their essential choices are to have a long and healthy life, to acquire knowledge and to have access to the resources needed for a decent standard of living.
The human development index created by Dr Mahbub-ul-Haq the human development index ranks the countries based on their performance in the key areas health, education and access to resources. These rankings are based on a score between 0 to I that a country earns from its records in the key areas.
The indicator chosen to assess health is the life expectancy at birth that people have a greater chance of living longer and healthier lives. The adult literacy rate and the gross enrolment ratio represent access to knowledge.
Access to resources is measured in terms of purchasing power. Each of these dimensions is given a weighted of 1\3. The human development index is a sum total of weights assigned to all these dimensions. A score of 0.983 would be considered very high while 0.268 would mean a very low level of human development.
Q.2. Who developed the concept of human development? How has he described human development?
Ans :- Dr. Mahbub-ul-Haq developed the Concept of human development.
According to Haq, human development is a development that enlarges people’s choices and improves their lives. Dr. Mahbub-ul-Haq described that people are the central part of the concept of human development. The choices of people are not fixed or stable. These choices can be changing. infinite people often value achievements that do not show up at all or not immediately. The basic goal of development is to create conditions where people can live meaningful lives. Meaningful life is non mean just a long one. It must be a life with some purpose. That means greater access to knowledge, people must be healthy, participate in society and be free to achieve their goals. The objective of human development is to create an enabling environment for people to enjoy long, healthy and creative lives.
Q.3. What do international comparisons of human development show?
Ans :- Students do yourself.
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