Class 12 Biology Important Chapter 15 Biodiversity and Conservation

Class 12 Biology Important Chapter 15 Biodiversity and Conservation Solutions English Medium As Per The New Syllabus to each chapter is provided in the list so that you can easily browse through different chapters ASSEB Class 12 Biology Important Solutions in English and select need one. AHSEC Class 12 Biology Additional Notes Download PDF. HS 2nd Year Biology Additional Solutions.

Class 12 Biology Important Chapter 15 Biodiversity and Conservation

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Biodiversity and Conservation

Chapter: 15

IMPORTANT QUESTION AND ANSWER

Answer the Following Question: 

1. Who popularized the term ‘biodiversity’?

Ans: Edward Wilson.

2. Name one example of an invasive alien species in India.

Ans: Parthenium hysterophorus (also called Congress grass).

3. Name any two sacred grove regions in India.

Ans: Khasi Hills (Meghalaya), Aravalli Hills (Rajasthan).

4. Name two ex-situ conservation methods.

Ans: Seed banks and botanical gardens.

5. What is the role of biodiversity in ecosystem services?

Ans: It supports processes like pollination, nutrient cycling, and climate regulation.

6. What is the goal of Project Tiger?

Ans: To ensure a viable population of Bengal tigers in their natural habitats.

7. What is species-area relationship?

Ans: It describes how species richness increases with increasing area. Alexander von Humboldt observed that within a region, the number of species increases with the explored area but only up to a limit. It is mathematically expressed as:

S = CA^z, where S = species richness, A = area, C and z = constants.

8. Define biodiversity hotspot. Name any two found in India.

Ans: Biodiversity hotspots are regions with exceptionally high species richness and endemism under threat. Norman Myers introduced the term.

Two hotspots in India are:

(i) Western Ghats.

(ii) Indo-Burma (includes North-East India).

9.  What is in-situ conservation? Give examples.

Ans: In-situ conservation is the protection of biodiversity in its natural habitat. It allows the ecosystem to function normally.

Examples: National Parks, Wildlife Sanctuaries, Biosphere Reserves, and Sacred Groves.

10. Mention any three ecosystem services provided by biodiversity.

Ans: (i) Pollination of crops by bees and insects.

(ii) Purification of air and water.

(iii) Prevention of soil erosion and regulation of climate.

11. What is the IUCN Red List and what is its significance?

Ans: The IUCN Red List categorizes species based on their risk of extinction. It helps prioritize conservation efforts, raise awareness, and monitor the status of biodiversity globally. Categories include extinct, critically endangered, endangered, vulnerable, etc.

12. Describe the role of cryopreservation in biodiversity conservation.

Ans: Cryopreservation is the technique of storing cells, tissues, or genetic material at very low temperatures (-196°C). It helps preserve the genetic stock of rare or endangered species for future use in breeding and research programs.

13. Explain the significance of the slope value ‘z’ in the species-area relationship.

Ans: The slope value ‘z’ indicates how quickly species richness increases with area.

For small areas, z = 0.1–0.2 (similar habitats).

For large areas like continents, z = 0.6–1.2 (diverse habitats).
A higher ‘z’ value means greater biodiversity.