Class 11 Apparel Made Ups and Home Furnishing Chapter 6 Care and Maintenance of Sewing Machine Solutions English Medium As Per AHSEC New Syllabus to each chapter is provided in the list so that you can easily browse through different chapters Class 11 Apparel Made Ups and Home Furnishing Chapter 6 Care and Maintenance of Sewing Machine Question Answer and select need one. Class 11 Apparel Made Ups and Home Furnishing Chapter 6 Care and Maintenance of Sewing Machine Notes Download PDF. AHSEC Class 11 Elective Apparel Made Ups and Home Furnishing Question Answer English Medium.
Class 11 Apparel Made Ups and Home Furnishing Chapter 6 Care and Maintenance of Sewing Machine
Also, you can read the NCERT book online in these sections Solutions by Expert Teachers as per Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) Book guidelines. AHSEC Class 11 Elective Apparel Made Ups and Home Furnishing Textual Solutions are part of All Subject Solutions. Here we have given AHSEC Class 11 Apparel Made Ups and Home Furnishing Textbook Solutions English Medium for All Chapters, You can practice these here.
Care and Maintenance of Sewing Machine
Chapter: 6
| Session 1: Cleaning, Oiling and Handling of Sewing Machine |
| Check Your Progress |
A. Match the columns:
| Sewing Tools | Uses |
| (a) Pin cushions | 1. Cutting out of pattern sand fabrics. |
| (b) Seam ripper | 2. Protect the fabric from direct contact with hot iron. |
| (c) Pressing cloth | 3. Holds pins and needles. |
| (d) Dressmaking shears | 4. Remove fine lines and single threads. |
Ans:
| Sewing Tools | Uses |
| (a) Pin cushions | 3. Holds pins and needles. |
| (b) Seam ripper | 4. Remove fine lines and single threads. |
| (c) Pressing cloth | 2. Protect the fabric from direct contact with hot iron. |
| (d) Dressmaking shears | 1. Cutting out of pattern sand fabrics. |
B. Fill in the blanks:
1. The measuring tape should be clean to check the ____________ of the markings.
Ans: Accuracy.
2. __________ is a hand tool for measuring small areas during sewing.
Ans: Sewing gauge.
C. Questions:
1. Describe the cleaning of the sewing machine.
Ans: While cleaning the machine, pay attention to the various parts of the machine, the machine table or stand, the work station, and even your hands, to avoid soiling the material being sewn, prevent accidents and damage to the machine. These directions mainly hold true for the lockstitch machine, but they can easily be adapted to other machine types also. The machine should always be kept covered when not in use to protect from dirt and dust. Before attempting to clean the machine, it is wise to remove the needle to avoid the danger of sewing into the finger during the cleaning process.
Material required for cleaning:
(i) Flat paintbrush (½” to ¾”wide).
(ii) Cleaning solvent or fluid.
(iii) Soft disposable cloth.
(iv) Screwdriver.
(v) Sewing machine manual 6. Small handy vacuum cleaner.
All dust and dirt can be removed by wiping the part out carefully with the cloth, but if the machine is clogged, a more careful cleaning is necessary. Common tools like a small dry brush or old toothbrush or compressed air and a soft cloth are used to remove dust and lint.
Points to be considered while cleaning:
(i) Before cleaning any machine it must be turned off.
(ii) Open the slide plate and remove the bobbin case. Then remove the throat plate. Whenever it is required, remove the face plate from the left end of the head.
(iii) Any lint, dust, or loose threads in the area around the feed dog and rotary hook, shuttle may be brushed or blown away. Do not use anything hard, such as a screw driver or scissors points, to remove the lint. Instead, carefully use a pointed instrument like a needle or pointed tweezers/plucker to pick out bits of thread and lint that cannot be brushed out.
(iv) Turn the hand wheel manually to expose any areas that might have been hidden initially. Brush again.
(v) Carefully tilt the machine head back until the head rests on the post on the back of the table.
2. Write about the oiling of the sewing machine.
Ans: Always keep your sewing machine well oiled. All dust should be removed from the exposed parts at least once every week, and the important parts of the machine should be oiled. Use good quality sewing machine oil. Always remove lint deposits, dust and thread bits before oiling any part of the machine. In order to operate the machine smoothly, it is essential to oil it repeatedly.
Material required:
(i) Sewing machine manual.
(ii) Sewing machine oil.
(iii) Soft disposable cloth.
Points to remember while oiling the sewing machine:
(i) Before oiling, ensure that the sewing machine is turned off.
(ii) Oil the machine using the directions given in the machine manual. Inspect the condition of all visible parts of the machine every time you oil it.
(iii) If a manual is not available, oil the machine as per the directions of the teacher/instructor as per the required frequency.
(iv) Locate oil holes of the sewing machine. They are mostly identified by arrows, or red or yellow paint. Put one to two drops of oil into each hole. Too much oil can clog the machine. Turn the hand wheel manually so that the oil will work its way between the parts.
(v) Wipe off all dust and excess oil from the machine or table; clean up any spilled oil immediately.
(vi) Sew on a few fabric scraps to remove any excess oil.
(vii) Wash hands after oiling the machine.
Method for oiling of the sewing machine:
It is necessary to oil the sewing machine periodically. If the machine is used every day, oil it once a week. If you do not use it very regularly, then oiling once a month is sufficient. The frequency of oiling depends on its use, and some times on the material sewn.
To oil thoroughly:
(i) Remove the upper thread, needle plate, slide plate, face plate, bobbin case, and needle and presser foot.
(ii) Put sewing machine oil in all oil holes and joints where one part rubs against another. One or two drops of oil are enough for each point.
(iii) While oiling, turn the fly wheel back and forth to facilitate the flow of the oil to different moving parts. It is necessary to oil the shuttles case.
(iv) After oiling the points on the head of the machine, tilt the machine head back to oil the points on the underside.
(v) On a treadle machine, the belt will have to be released before tilting the machine head back. Remember to oil the pivots of the treadle.
3. Explain the safe handling procedure of the sewing machine.
Ans: The safe handling procedure of the sewing machine involves:
(i) Setting up the sewing machine.
(ii) Adopting safety measures before starting sewing.
(iii) Adopting safety measures during sewing.
4. Write in detail about the care and handling of tools and equipment.
Ans: It is important for the tailor to properly handle and take care of his tools and equipment for smooth working. He must give equivalent attention to sewing tools and equipment as a sewing machine. Proper handling of tools is essential for a good garment construction.
Following are guidelines for proper care and handling of different tools and equipments:
(i) Measuring tape: It is used for taking body measurements and requires very little maintenance. The tape should be clean to check the accuracy of the markings. After each use, the measuring tape should be rolled or wrapped and kept in a clean box.
(ii) Sewing gauge: These are hand tools for measuring small areas during sewing. Sewing gauges are handy to have for hand sewing, marking alterations, hemming, checking the width of seam allowances, etc. A six inch aluminium ruler is the most common gauge. Select a jigsaw puzzle shaped gauge which will have markings for the most common sewing measurements that are either seam allowances, turned under or hemmed. A sliding marker helps to keep the measurements uniform. Do not allow the metal gauges to get bent.
(iii) Pin cushions: These hold the pins and needles during working to prevent accidents while working. A magnet attached pin cushion is very helpful in holding the pins but when more varieties of pins are used, it will not help to keep the pins separated. Select a standard pin cushion filled with fines and, so that the abrasion of fillers may prevent the pins from dust and getting rusted.
(iv) Hand sewing needles: These needles are available in varying sizes and points. They guide the thread through the fabric while hand sewing. It is advisable to purchase hand sewing needles of good quality stainless steel material to prevent them from rusting. The needle should always be kept in a dry and clean case. To avoid a finger injury while searching through the loose needles, they may be kept with a small piece of thread passed through its eye. To avoid damage to the point of the needle, it should not be pressed or pricked on a hard surface.
(v) Sewing needle threader: A needle threader is used for threading a sewing needle easily and quickly. The needle threader should have a large enough eye to hold the thread, as forcing the metal wire of the threader can cause it to break. Being very small, it should be kept carefully in a small box to avoid any damage.
(vi) Seam ripper: It is used to remove the fine stitches and to pick out single threads. Keep the seam ripper sharp and clean, and use it only for sewing tasks. To prevent injuries and damage, keep these rippers covered when not in use. Select an appropriate seam ripper for use as it may cut the fabric while removing the seam. For example, larger, heavier seam rippers are available for heavy removal jobs or cutting through heavy threads.
(vii) Dressmaking shears: Such shears are used for cutting out patterns, fabrics and soft material. Use the shear for cutting fabrics and soft material only. If used on anything other than fabric, (thick sheet, etc.), it will reduce the sharpness of shear or cause it to become blunt, causing uneven cutting, shredding of fabric and hand fatigue. Keep the blades sharp and clean.
(viii) Pressing cloth: It helps to remove fabric creases and wrinkles while ironing. A press cloth is essential to protect the fabric from direct contact with a hot iron. Also a see-through press cloth allows one to go through the pressing task through the press cloth. It should always be clean and oil free for protecting the garment from oil and dust.
(ix) Hams and sleeve rolls: Hams and sleeve rolls are wonderful for pressing curves. They should always be clean and oil free.
| Session 2: Machine and Sewing Defects and Its Solution |
A. Match the columns:
| (a) Poor thread quality | 1. Remove bobbin and bobbin case and clean. |
| (b) Tensions improperly set | 2. Replace needle. |
| (c) Dirt, lint, or thread in bobbin case | 3. Replace poor thread. |
| (d) Blunt or bent needles | 4. Adjust tension. |
Ans:
| (a) Poor thread quality | 3. Replace poor thread. |
| (b) Tensions improperly set | 4. Adjust tension. |
| (c) Dirt, lint, or thread in bobbin case | 1. Remove bobbin and bobbin case and clean. |
| (d) Blunt or bent needles | 2. Replace needle. |
B. Arrange the jumbled words:
(a) Msea.
Ans: Seam.
(b) Polso.
Ans: Spool.
(c) Thustle.
Ans: Shuttle.
(d) Edelne.
Ans: Needle.
(e) Efcetd.
Ans: Defect.
(f) Nutlb.
Ans: Blunt.
(g) Psipdke.
Ans: Skipped.
(h) Obbinb.
Ans: Bobbin.
(i) Readht.
Ans: Thread.
(j) Iltn.
Ans: Lint.
(k) Kercpu.
Ans: Pucker.
(l) Niedwr.
Ans: Winder .
C. Short answer question:
1. Write short notes on the following machine defects:
(a) Excessive noise while stitching.
Ans: Possible causes:
(i) Machine parts are dry due to lack of oiling.
(ii) Loose machine parts.
(iii) Accumulated dust or lint.
Corrective action:
(i) Oil the machine.
(ii) Tighten all the screws.
(iii) Clean the machine properly.
(b) Needle break.
Ans: Possible causes:
(i) A thin needle was used for sewing a heavy weight material.
(ii) The needle has not been fully inserted/pushed into the needle bar.
(iii) The screw of the needle clamp is loose.
(iv) The presser foot is not the correct one.
(v) The presser foot is loose.
(vi) Pulling of fabric.
Corrective action:
(i) Use the correct size of the needle.
(ii) Properly insert/push the needle in the needle bar.
(iii) Securely tighten the needle clamp screw.
(iv) Use correct presser foot.
(v) Reset the presser foot.
(vi) Do not pull fabric; guide it gently.
(c) Fabric puckering.
Ans: Possible causes:
(i) The stitch length is too long for the material.
(ii) The needle point is blunt.
(iii) Incorrect thread tension.
(iv) Light pressure on the presser foot.
(v) The fabric is too sheer or soft.
(vi) Using two different sizes or kinds of upper and lower threads.
Corrective action:
(i) Decrease the stitch length.
(ii) Replace with a needle of good condition.
(iii) Reset the thread tension.
(iv) Increase pressure on the presser foot.
(v) Use an underlay of tissue paper/backing.
(vi) The upper thread and bobbin thread should be of the same size and kind.
(d) Seam grin.
Ans: Possible causes:
(i) When the two panels of fabric are open , a gap is revealed.
(ii) Lower stitch tension.
(iii) Incorrect stitches per inch (SPI).
Corrective action:
(i) Increase stitch tension.
(ii) Increase stitches per inch (SPI).
(e) Seam slippage.
Ans: Possible causes:
(i) This defect occurs when yarns of the fabric are pulled out of the seam.
Corrective action:
(i) Stitch density should be optimized.
(ii) Use French seam in place of plain seam.
(iii) Increase the width of the seam.
D. Long answer question:
1. What are the common defects that occur while stitching? Write the causes and corrective action for the same.
Ans: Faulty stitching can affect the overall look of the final garment and hence can degrade the quality. Early identification and rectification of such defects is important to save time and money. Following are some common sewing defects and their corrective measures:
(a) Defect: Skipped stitches.
Possible causes:
(i) The thread tension is too tight/high.
(ii) The needle is bent or blunt.
(iii) Wrong size of the needle.
(iv) The needle and thread do not match.
(v) The thread take-up lever has not been threaded.
(vi) Light pressure on the presser foot
(vii) Incorrect setting of the needle.
Corrective action:
(i) Correct the thread tension.
(ii) Replace with a new needle of good condition.
(iii) Replace with a needle of correct size.
(iv) Use a suitable thread and needle.
(v) Check the threading order.
(vi) Increase pressure on the presser foot.
(vii) Reset the needle properly.
(b) Defect: The stitches are not formed properly Possible causes.
(i) The thread has not been pulled into the thread guide.
(ii) Threading is not correct.
(iii) The bobbin case has been threaded wrongly.
Corrective action:
(i) Fully pull the thread into the thread guide.
(ii) Correct the threading.
(iii) Correctly thread the bobbin case.
(c) Defect: Irregular stitches Possible causes.
(i) Incorrect size of the needle.
(ii) Improper threading.
(iii) Loose upper thread tension.
(iv) Pulling of the fabric.
(v) Light pressure on the presser foot.
(vi) Loose presser foot.
(vii) Uneven or over wound bobbin.
Corrective action:
(i) Choose the correct size of the needle for the thread and fabrics.
(ii) Rethread the machine properly.
(iii) Tighten the upper thread tension.
(iv) Do not pull the fabric; guide it gently.
(v) Increase pressure on the presser foot.
(vi) Reset the presser foot.
(vii) Rewind the bobbin properly.
(viii) Remove over winding of the bobbin.
(d) Defect: Fabric pucker Possible causes.
(i) The stitch length is too long for the material.
(ii) The needle point is blunt.
(iii) Incorrect thread tension.
(iv) Light pressure on the presser foot.
(v) The fabric is too sheer or soft.
(vi) Using two different sizes or kinds of upper and lower threads.
Corrective action:
(i) Decrease the stitch length.
(ii) Replace with a needle of good condition.
(iii) Reset the thread tension.
(iv) Increase pressure on the presser foot.
(v) Use an underlay of tissue paper/backing.
(vi) The upper thread and bobbin thread should be of the same size and kind.
(e) Defect: Bunching of thread Possible causes.
(i) The upper and lower threads are not drawn back under the presser foot.
(ii) The placement of the feed dog is down.
Corrective action:
(i) Draw both threads back under the presser foot.
(ii) Fit the feed dog properly.
(f) Defect: Seam Slippage.
Possible causes:
(i) This defect occurs when yarns of the fabric are pulled out of the seam.
Corrective action:
(i) Stitch density should be optimized.
(ii) Use French seam in place of plain seam.
(iii) Increase the width of the seam.
(g) Defect: Unbalance stitch.
Possible causes.
(i) The thread tension is incorrect.
(ii) Threading is not correct or incorrect thread path.
(iii) Snagging of needle with bobbin case.
Corrective action:
(i) Set accurate thread tension.
(ii) Correct the threading of both bobbin and needle thread.
(iii) Bobbin case must be smooth.
(h) Defect: Seam grin.
Possible causes:
(i) When the two panels of fabric are open , a gap is revealed.
(ii) Lower stitch tension.
(iii) Incorrect stitches per inch (SPI).
Corrective action:
(i) Increase stitch tension.
(ii) Increase stitches per inch (SPI).
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