SEBA Class 10 Solanaceous Crop Cultivator Chapter 3 Integrated Pest and Disease Management in Vegetable Crops

SEBA Class 10 Solanaceous Crop Cultivator Chapter 3 Integrated Pest and Disease Management in Vegetable Crops Solutions English Medium, SEBA Class 10 Solanaceous Crop Cultivator Question Answer, SEBA Class 10 Solanaceous Crop Cultivator Chapter 3 Integrated Pest and Disease Management in Vegetable Crops Notes to each chapter is provided in the list so that you can easily browse throughout different chapter Assam Board Solanaceous Crop Cultivator Elective Notes Class 10 SEBA English Medium and select needs one.

SEBA Class 10 Solanaceous Crop Cultivator Chapter 3 Integrated Pest and Disease Management in Vegetable Crops

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Also, you can read the SCERT book online in these sections Solutions by Expert Teachers as per SCERT (CBSE) Book guidelines. SEBA Solanaceous Crop Cultivator Elective Class 10 Question Answer. These solutions are part of SCERT All Subject Solutions. Here we have given SEBA Class 10 Solanaceous Crop Cultivator Chapter 3 Integrated Pest and Disease Management in Vegetable Crops Solutions for All Chapter, You can practice these here.

Integrated Pest and Disease Management in Vegetable Crops

Chapter – 3

A. Fill in the blanks:

1. Tomato’s fruit borer can be kept away from the crop by growing ______________ as trap crop.

Ans: African Marigold.

2. Adults of _____________ are fragile, slender and minute with fringed wings.

Ans: Tomato aphids.

3. Maggots of ____________ mines into the leaf and feeds on the mesophyll of the leaves.

Ans: Leaf miner.

4. Leaf hopper or jassids’ leaves become yellow and _____________.

Ans: Curl upwards.

5. The leaves of the chili plant affected by ____________ show downward curling.

Ans: Mites.

6. Larvae of ____________ bore into shoots and kill growing point of brinjal plant. 

Ans: Shoot and fruit borer.

B. Multiple choice questions:

1. The most active stage of insect of fruit borer of tomato is ____________.

(a) Adult.

(b) Caterpillar.

(c) Both (a) and (b).

(d) None of the above.

Ans: (b) Caterpillar.

2. The number of pheromone traps used to control the moths of chili fruit borer are _____________.

(a) 5 trap/ha.

(b) 7 trap/ha.

(c) 9 trap/ha.

(d) 11 trap/ha.

Ans: (a) 5 trap/ha.

3. Which one of the following is an egg parasitoid?

(a) Tetranychus cinnabarinus.

(b) Epilachna.

(c) Trichogramma chilonis.

(d) None of the above.

Ans: (c) Trichogramma chilonis.

4. In thrips infestation ______________.

(a) Leaves curl upwards.

(b) Leaves curl inwards.

(c) Growing point kills.

(d) Holes can be seen in the fruit.

Ans: (b) Leaves curl inwards.

5. Aphids damage crop by _______________.

(a) Sucking cell sap.

(b) Secreting sugary substance.

(c) Vector of virus.

(d) All of the above.

Ans: (d) All of the above.

C. Subjective questions:

1. Explain brinjal’s fruit and shoot borer and its control measures.

Ans: Brinjal’s fruit and shoot borer (Leucinodes orbonalis) is a serious pest that affects brinjal crops by boring into the shoots and fruits, causing wilting and fruit damage. The life cycle of this pest includes egg, larva, pupa, and adult stages, with larvae being the most destructive as they feed inside plant tissues. Symptoms of infestation include dried and wilted shoots, holes in fruits with visible frass, and damaged fruits unsuitable for consumption. To control this pest, several measures can be adopted. Cultural practices such as field sanitation, crop rotation, and using resistant varieties help reduce infestation. Mechanical methods like hand-picking infested shoots and using pheromone traps to attract and trap adult moths can also be effective. Biological control involves introducing natural enemies such as Trichogramma chilonis, an egg parasitoid, and predators like Chrysoperla carnea. Chemical control includes spraying insecticides such as neem-based products, Spinosad, Emamectin benzoate, and Cypermethrin at the recommended doses during the early stages of infestation. An integrated pest management approach combining cultural, mechanical, biological, and chemical methods is the most effective strategy to minimize damage and ensure a healthy brinjal crop.

2. What are the control measures of tomato’s fruit borer?

Ans: The control measures of tomato’s fruit borer are mentioned below: 

(i) Use tolerant varieties like Punjab Kesari, Punjab Chhuhara, BT-1 and BT-32.

(ii) Deep summer ploughing can expose the larvae and  pupae to sunlight and predation of birds.

(iii) Plant marigold (40 days old) as a trap crop with every 16 rows of tomato (25 days old) to attract the larvae. Collect the larvae from the marigold flowers and  destroy them.

(iv) Place 15-20 T-shaped bird perches per ha to invite  insectivorous birds.

3. Write about chili’s fruit borer and its control measures.

Ans: The fruit borer is one of the most destructive pests in chilli cultivation, causing substantial yield losses and reducing the quality of produce. Timely identification and effective management are crucial to minimize damage.

Control Measures:

(i) Cultural Control:

(a) Crop rotation, timely sowing, and sanitation (removing infested fruits).

(b) Trap crops (marigold, pigeon pea) to attract borers.

(ii) Mechanical Control:

(a) Handpick larvae and use pheromone traps (5–10/acre).

(iii) Biological Control:

(a) Use Trichogramma chilonis, Chrysoperla carnea, and Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt).

(iv) Chemical Control:

(a) Neem-based insecticides (5% NSKE).

(b) Sprays: Spinosad, Emamectin Benzoate, Indoxacarb.

D. Match the columns.

Ans: 

A. Fill in the blanks:

1. ___________ is a disease at nursery stage.

Ans: Damping-off.

2. ____________ is a disease caused by coplasma like organisms.

Ans: Little leaf of brinjal.

3. In ___________ disease, wilting is observed from top to bottom.

Ans: Die-Back.

4. Knotting on roots is caused by _____________.

Ans: Nematodes.

5. Leaf curl in chili is caused by ____________.

Ans: Virus.

B. Multiple choice questions:

1. In which disease is formation of a concentric ring found?

(a) Anthracnose.

(b) Late blight.

(c) Wilt.

(d) None of the above.

Ans: (a) Anthracnose.

2. Irregular brown spots on the leaves during the early period of growth is observed in ____________.

(a) Late blight.

(b) Damping off.

(c) Leaf curl.

(d) Early blight.

Ans: (d) Early blight.

3. Damping off is a disease of _____________.

(a) Leaves.

(b) Fruits.

(c) Seedling.

(d) Flowers.

Ans: (c) Seedling.

4. Milky white ooze from a cut stem is the sign of ___________ Infection.

(a) Nematode.

(b) Bacterial.

(c) Fungal.

(d) Viral.

Ans: (b) Bacterial.

C. Subjective questions:

1. Write short notes on the following:

(a) Early blight of tomato.

Ans: It is a fungal disease commonly seen in tomato, brinjal and potato. The causal organism of this disease is Alternaria alternata f. sp. lycopersici and Alternaria solani. Irregular brown leaf spots appear on a marginal portion of leaves, which enlarge and become necrotic patches. Fungi is dispersed through air and favoured by high temperature.

(b) Late blight of potato.

Ans: Late blight of potato is a serious disease caused by Phytophthora infestans. It affects potato, tomato and, occasionally, eggplant and other members of the potato family. Late blight is the worst potato disease.

(c) Leaf curl disease in chili.

Ans: It is an important viral disease of the tomato and chili plant. The virus is transmitted by the whitefly. The leaves show downward rolling, curling, twisting and chlorosis. The plants show stunted growth with short internodes. It gives a bushy appearance to the plant. Such plants do not bear flower or fruit at a later stage.

(d) Little leaf of brinjal.

Ans: The characteristic symptoms of this disease are excessive shortening of leaves. Numerous leaves aggregate in a bunch giving a bushy appearance. Due to shortening of internodes the plant becomes a dwarf. The infected plants are totally unproductive and do not bear flower or fruit. Organisms like Mycoplasma are responsible for  this. The pathogen is transmitted by vector leafhopper.

(e) Root knot nematode in solanaceous crops.

Ans: Soil borne nematode Meloidogyne incognita infests almost all solanaceous vegetables through the roots. Nematode develops inside the root, causing swelling and knots. This affects the uptake of water and minerals from the soil, ultimately affecting the growth of the plant.  

2. What are the major differences between late blight and early blight?

Ans: The major differences between late blight and early blight are mentioned below: 

Late blight: Late blight is a potentially devastating disease of tomato and potato, infecting leaves, stems, tomato fruit, and potato tubers.

Early blight: Early blight It is a fungal disease commonly seen in tomato, brinjal and potato. The causal organism of this disease is Alternaria alternata f. sp. lycopersici and Alternaria solani. Irregular brown leaf spots appear on a marginal portion of leaves, which enlarge and become necrotic patches. Fungi is dispersed through air and favoured by high temperature.

3. Write the symptoms of damping off with its effective management practices.

Ans: The symptoms of damping off with its effective management practices are common disease among nursery plants, tomato seedlings, chili and brinjal that are generally attacked by the soil borne fungi. Fungi like Phytophthora, Pythium sp. are the causal organisms. Fungi infect seedlings in the collar region causing decay of tissues. Infected seedling cannot stand upright and collapse. It is commonly seen during the rainy season and under water stagnation conditions.

D. Match the columns.

Ans: 

A. Fill in the blanks:

1. Intercropping of cabbage with tomato reduces infestation of ____________.

Ans: diamondback moth.

2. Ratooning encourages shoots and fruit borer in _____________ crop.

Ans: Brinjal.

3. A crop grown as a companion that attracts pests away from the main crop is called _____________.

Ans: Trap crop.

4. Excess use of _____________ intensifies the incidence of sucking pests.

Ans: Nitrogen.

5. A pheromone trap attracts only ____________ insects.

Ans: Male.

6. Methyl eugenol traps are useful against ____________.

Ans: Fruit flies.

7. A lady bird beetle is a kind of ____________.

Ans: Predatory.

B. Multiple choice questions:

1. Organism that feeds on other insects is called _____________.

(a) Antagonist.

(b) Predators.

(c) Parasitoids.

(d) None of the above.

Ans: (b) Predators.

2. Botanical pesticides are obtained from _____________.

(a) Animals.

(b) Fungus.

(c) Plants.

(d) Bacteria.

Ans: (c) Plants.

3. Which of the following is not a sucking pest?

(a) Fruit and shoot borer.

(b) Aphid.

(c) Mites.

(d) White fly.

Ans: (a) Fruit and shoot borer.

4. Damping off disease by using Carbendazim is a _____________.

(a) Chemical control.

(b) Biologicalcontrol.

(c) Mechanical control.

(d) Cultural control.

Ans: (a) Chemical control.

5. Trichoderma sp. can be used to control ___________ disease.

(a) Soil borne.

(b) Water borne.

(c) Air borne.

(d) Viral.

Ans: (a) Soil borne.

C. Subjective questions:

1. Write a brief note about integrated disease management.

Ans: IDM involves timely use of various combined measures to reduce the pathogenic invasion. This involves site selection and preparation, altering the planting practices, use of resistant cultivars, modifying the environment, pruning, thinning shading, etc., and use of pesticides, if required. Along with this, following conventional techniques, monitoring environmental factors, disease forecasting and establishing economic thresholds are also important. The disease incidence can be minimised or eliminated by adopting the following tactics.

2. Describe the cultural methods of pest management.

Ans: The cultural methods of pest management are mentioned below: 

(i) Tillage soil-borne fungi, bacteria and nematodes that serve as sources of infection, perpetuate in the soil. When the soil is ploughed they get exposed to the sun’s high temperature. This reduces their population or activity within the soil.

(ii) Field sanitation plant pathogen (fungi, bacteria, and virus) that survives on previous crop residues and weeds in the field can serve as a major source of inoculum. Clean cultivation means the removal of crop residues and keeping the bunds clean to minimise pest population in the field. Plant disease can be controlled by regularly destroying diseased plants or weeds. This disrupts the disease cycle and is an effective source of control. 

(iii) Crop rotation availability of susceptible hosts every season or year after year increases the survival or persistence of diseases. Crop rotation with crops of other groups or different families breaks their persistence. Starving pests by making susceptible hosts unavailable for a long time makes it difficult  for the pests to survive. 

(iv) Resistant varieties such varieties of flower crops provide one of the most successful approaches to the control of plant pathogens in many crops, especially those that cannot be controlled by other means. Some cultivars are resistant to a particular disease and are, therefore, inherently less damaged than other genetically related plants growing in the same area.

3. Discuss the mechanical and behavioural methods of pest management.

Ans: Mechanical methods focus on physical barriers, traps, or other techniques to prevent pests from reaching crops, homes, or stored goods. These methods are typically non-chemical and aim to physically remove or exclude pests.

(i) Physical Barriers: This includes the use of nets, screens, fences, or cloths to block pests from entering certain areas. For example, garden nets can prevent insects like flies or butterflies from reaching plants.

(ii) Traps: Mechanical traps like sticky traps, funnel traps, and light traps are used to capture and remove pests. These traps can be designed for specific pests, such as rodents or insects.

(iii) Handpicking: In smaller gardens, manual removal of pests like caterpillars, beetles, or snails can be effective, especially in organic farming where chemical use is minimized.

(iv) Tilling and Cultivation: Tilling the soil can expose pests like grubs and larvae, making them more vulnerable to predators or environmental conditions. Additionally, crop rotation can disrupt the life cycle of pests.

(v) Mowing and Pruning: Regularly cutting down overgrown grass or trimming infected plant parts helps reduce pest habitats and prevent pest infestations in crops or gardens.

Behavioral Methods:

(i) Pheromone Traps and Lures: Pheromones are chemicals released by pests to communicate with others of their species, often related to mating. Synthetic pheromones are used to attract pests to traps, which helps monitor and reduce their population.

(ii) Intercropping and Companion Planting: By planting specific crops alongside others, farmers can disrupt pests’ behavior and reduce the likelihood of pest infestations. Some plants, like marigolds, repel certain pests, while others may attract beneficial insects that prey on harmful pests.

(iii) Release of Natural Predators: Introducing predators, parasites, or pathogens that naturally control pest populations is a form of biological control. This may include releasing ladybugs to control aphids or introducing nematodes to target soil-borne pests.

D. Match the columns:

Ans: