SEBA Class 10 Solanaceous Crop Cultivator Chapter 2 Weed Management in Vegetable Crops

SEBA Class 10 Solanaceous Crop Cultivator Chapter 2 Weed Management in Vegetable Crops Solutions English Medium, SEBA Class 10 Solanaceous Crop Cultivator Question Answer, SEBA Class 10 Solanaceous Crop Cultivator Chapter 2 Weed Management in Vegetable Crops Notes to each chapter is provided in the list so that you can easily browse throughout different chapter Assam Board Solanaceous Crop Cultivator Elective Notes Class 10 SEBA English Medium and select needs one.

SEBA Class 10 Solanaceous Crop Cultivator Chapter 2 Weed Management in Vegetable Crops

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Also, you can read the SCERT book online in these sections Solutions by Expert Teachers as per SCERT (CBSE) Book guidelines. SEBA Solanaceous Crop Cultivator Elective Class 10 Question Answer. These solutions are part of SCERT All Subject Solutions. Here we have given Class 10 Solanaceous Crop Cultivator Elective Solutions for All Chapter, You can practice these here.

Weed Management in Vegetable Crops

Chapter – 2

A. Fill in the blanks:

1. Unwanted plants that grow in the crop field or its surrounding areas are called ____________.

Ans: Weeds. 

2. Broad leaved weeds have _____________ as they germinate.

Ans: Two seed leaves.

3. A weed that completes its life cycle in less than a year is known as ___________ weed.

Ans: Annual.

4. ____________ weeds spread only by seed and vegetative means.

Ans: Perennial.

5. Parallel veins on the leaves are found in _____________ weeds.

Ans: Grassy.

B. Multiple choice questions:

1. Dodder (Cuscuta) is _____________.

(a) An annual weed.

(b) A parasitic weed.

(c) A narrow leaf weed.

(d) A road leaf weed.

Ans: (b) A parasitic weed.

2. The botanical name of nut grass is _____________.

(a) Argemone mexicana.

(b) Euphorbia hirta.

(c) Chenopodium album.

(d) Cyprus rotundus.

Ans: (d) Cyprus rotundus.

3. The most common weeds found in vegetable crops are _____________.

(a) Annual.

(b) Biennial.

(c) Perennial.

(d) None of the above.

Ans: (a) Annual.

4. Bermuda grass is also known as _____________.

(a) Doob grass.

(b) Field bindweed.

(c) Lamb’s quarter.

(d) Crab grass.

Ans: (a) Doob grass.

5. The critical stage of weed control for potatoes is _____________.

(a) 1-2 weeks after planting.

(b) 3-6 weeks after planting.

(c) 7-9 weeks after planting.

(d) 10-12 weeks after planting.

Ans: (b) 3-6 weeks after planting

C. Subjective questions:

1. Define weed. How are weeds harmful for a crop?

Ans: A valueless plant growing wild, especially one that grows on cultivated ground to the exclusion or injury of the desired crop.

Weeds are highly detrimental to crops as they compete with them for essential resources such as water, nutrients, light, and space. This competition often leads to stunted crop growth, reduced yield, and lower-quality produce. Weeds can also act as hosts for pests, fungi, and diseases, which can spread to crops and cause further damage. Their presence increases production costs due to the need for additional labor, machinery, and chemical treatments for control. Moreover, weeds can interfere with harvesting by entangling with crops or machinery, making the process more labor-intensive. Some weeds even release harmful chemicals into the soil, inhibiting crop growth through a process known as allelopathy. Additionally, certain weeds can exacerbate water stress or cause waterlogging in the fields, further degrading the growing environment for crops. Effective weed management is crucial to ensure healthy crops, improve productivity, and maintain the sustainability of agricultural practices.

2. Classify weeds based on their life cycle and morphological features.

Ans: Weeds can be classified based on their life cycle and morphological features. In terms of life cycle, they are categorized into annual, perennial, and biennial weeds. Annual weeds complete their life cycle in one growing season, germinating, growing, flowering, and dying within a year. These can be further divided into summer annuals, which grow during the warm months, and winter annuals, which germinate in the fall and grow through the winter. Perennial weeds live for more than two years, typically spreading via roots or rhizomes and flowering every year. These can be deep-rooted perennials, such as dandelions, or creeping perennials, like clover. Biennial weeds, on the other hand, take two years to complete their life cycle, growing in the first year and flowering in the second before dying.

Morphologically, weeds can be divided into grasses, broadleaf weeds, sedges, and vines. Grasses, classified as monocots, have narrow leaves with parallel veins and hollow stems. Broadleaf weeds, or dicots, have broad leaves with a network of veins and taproots. Sedges, which are also monocots, resemble grasses but have triangular stems and solid structures. Vines, on the other hand, are weeds with climbing or spreading stems that can overrun other plants. Additionally, weeds can be aquatic, growing in water or marshy environments, such as water hyacinths or duckweed, or parasitic, relying on host plants for nutrients, like mistletoe or dodder. This classification aids in better understanding and managing weeds in agricultural and garden settings.

3. Distinguish between broad leaved and narrow leaved weeds.

Ans: The difference between broad leaved and narrow leaved weeds are mentioned below:

D. Match the columns:

Ans: 

A. Fill in the blanks:

1. Growing two or more crops next to each other at the same time is called ______________.

Ans: Intercropping.

2. Soil temperatures must reach above ______________°C to facilitate solarisation.

Ans: 45-50.

3. The different types of crops that grow in the same field in sequenced seasons are known as ______________. 

Ans: Crop rotation.

4. Pulling out weeds from the field by hand with the help of a khurpi is called ______________. 

Ans: Hand weeding.

5. Diquat is a ___________ herbicide.

Ans: Post-Emergence.

B. Multiple choice questions:

1. Herbicides applied prior to the emergence of the weed seed is known as _____________.

(a) Pre-plant application.

(b) Pre-emergence application.

(c) Post-emergence application.

(d) All of the above.

Ans: (b) Pre-emergence application.

2. Pendimethalin can be used in potato as a pre-emergence spray and the dosage is _____________.

(a) 1 kg/ha.

(b) 2 kg/ha.

(c) 3 kg/ha.

(d) None of these.

Ans: (b) 2 kg/ha.

3. Which of the following herbicides can be used as a pre-plant/transplant?

(a) Alachlor.

(b) Pendimethalin.

(c) Fluchloralin.

(d) All of the above.

Ans: (d) All of the above.

4. Living organisms, such as fungi, bacteria and insects that are used to control weed population are known as _____________.

(a) Myco-herbicides.

(b) Persistent herbicides.

(c) Bio-herbicides.

(d) Herbigation.

Ans: (c) Bio-herbicides.

5. Herbicides applied before planting the main crop are _____________.

(a) Pre-plant herbicides.

(b) Pre-emergence herbicides.

(c) Post-emergence herbicides.

(d) All of the above.

Ans: (a) Pre-plant herbicides.

C. Subjective questions:

1. Explain different methods of weed control in vegetable crops.

Ans: Weed control in vegetable crops can be achieved through various methods, including:

(i) Manual Control: Removing weeds by hand or using tools like hoes, spades, or weeders. This is effective in small-scale farming.

(ii) Cultural Control: Practices like crop rotation, intercropping, and maintaining proper planting density to suppress weed growth.

(iii) Mechanical Control: Using machines like cultivators, harrows, or weeders to uproot or cut weeds.

(iv) Chemical Control: Application of herbicides to selectively kill weeds without harming the crops.

(v) Biological Control: Introducing natural enemies, such as insects, pathogens, or grazing animals, to control weed populations.

(vi) Mulching: Covering the soil with organic or synthetic materials to prevent weed germination and growth.

2. Classify the various types of herbicides used in weed control.

Ans: The various types of herbicides used in weed control are mentioned below:

(i) Pre-Plant Herbicides: This is a group of herbicides that is applied before planting the main crop. These herbicides may be fumigants or non-selective chemicals and are lethal to all the plants that come in their contact. These are useful in controlling pre-emerged as well as emerging weeds. Most of these are applied to the soil. Some may be sprayed onto the weeds, in case of perennial weeds. Pre-plant herbicides include Dazomet, Diquat, K-pam, Metam sodium, Pelargonic acid, Alachlor, Pendimethalin, Fluchloralin, etc.

(ii) Pre-emergence herbicides: This is another group of herbicides that attack the weeds at the seedling stage. These herbicides are generally selective. These are applied to soil after removing the existing weeds. Pre-emergence herbicides must be applied before the germination of weed seeds. Since there are various germination periods of weed species and a selection of herbicides, it is generally essential to use different herbicides at different times of the year to achieve best control. For example, Flumioxazin, Isoxaben, Napropamide, Oryzalin (Surflan), Oxadiazon, oxyfluorfen, Pendimethalin, Prodiamine and Trifluralin are included in this group.

(iii) Post-emergence herbicides: Post-emergence herbicides are applied onto weeds at the seedling stage. These are very selective and control only a narrow range of weed species. Fluazifop-p-butyl and Sethoxydim control most annual grasses and Clethodim controls annual bluegrass as well as other grasses. These products include the phenoxy group of herbicides, such as 2,4-D, which selectively control broad leaved weeds. The group of non-selective herbicides includes diquat, glufosinate and pelargonic acid, and oils of plants, such as euginol.

3. Discuss the chemical method of weed control in solanaceous vegetables.

Ans: In solanaceous crops like tomatoes, potatoes, and eggplants, herbicides are used effectively to manage weeds. Pre-emergence herbicides such as Pendimethalin and Oxyfluorfen are commonly applied to suppress weed germination. Post-emergence herbicides like Quizalofop or Fluazifop are used to control grassy weeds selectively after the crops have emerged. These herbicides reduce labor costs and enhance crop yield by minimizing competition for nutrients, water, and light. Proper timing and dosage are crucial to avoid crop damage and ensure effective weed control.

4. Write various precautions to be followed during the spraying of weedicides.

Ans: When spraying weedicides, certain precautions are necessary to ensure safety and effectiveness:

Always read and follow the label instructions carefully, including dosage, application method, and safety guidelines. Wear appropriate protective gear such as gloves, masks, goggles, and long-sleeved clothing to avoid direct contact with chemicals. Ensure the spraying equipment is clean, calibrated, and in good working condition to avoid over-application or drift. Spray during calm weather, preferably in the early morning or late afternoon, to reduce drift and evaporation. Avoid spraying near water bodies, livestock, or other sensitive areas to prevent contamination. Do not allow children or untrained individuals near the spraying area. Wash hands, equipment, and protective gear thoroughly after use. Store weedicides securely away from food, water, and reach of children.

D. Match the columns.

Ans: