SEBA Class 10 Solanaceous Crop Cultivator Chapter 2 Weed Management in Vegetable Crops

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SEBA Class 10 Solanaceous Crop Cultivator Chapter 2 Weed Management in Vegetable Crops

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Weed Management in Vegetable Crops

Chapter – 2

Session – 1: Weeds in Vegetable Crops

Check Your Progress

A. Fill in the blanks:

1. Unwanted plants that grow in the crop field or its surrounding areas are called ____________.

Ans: Weeds. 

2. Broad leaved weeds have _____________ as they germinate.

Ans: Two seed leaves.

3. A weed that completes its life cycle in less than a year is known as ___________ weed.

Ans: Annual.

4. ____________ weeds spread only by seed and vegetative means.

Ans: Perennial.

5. Parallel veins on the leaves are found in _____________ weeds.

Ans: Grassy.

B. Multiple choice questions:

1. Dodder (Cuscuta) is _____________.

(a) An annual weed.

(b) A parasitic weed.

(c) A narrow leaf weed.

(d) A road leaf weed.

Ans: (b) A parasitic weed.

2. The botanical name of nut grass is _____________.

(a) Argemone mexicana.

(b) Euphorbia hirta.

(c) Chenopodium album.

(d) Cyprus rotundus.

Ans: (d) Cyprus rotundus.

3. The most common weeds found in vegetable crops are _____________.

(a) Annual.

(b) Biennial.

(c) Perennial.

(d) None of the above.

Ans: (a) Annual.

4. Bermuda grass is also known as _____________.

(a) Doob grass.

(b) Field bindweed.

(c) Lamb’s quarter.

(d) Crab grass.

Ans: (a) Doob grass.

5. The critical stage of weed control for potatoes is _____________.

(a) 1-2 weeks after planting.

(b) 3-6 weeks after planting.

(c) 7-9 weeks after planting.

(d) 10-12 weeks after planting.

Ans: (b) 3-6 weeks after planting

C. Subjective questions:

1. Define weed. How are weeds harmful for a crop?

Ans: A valueless plant growing wild, especially one that grows on cultivated ground to the exclusion or injury of the desired crop.

Weeds are highly detrimental to crops as they compete with them for essential resources such as water, nutrients, light, and space. This competition often leads to stunted crop growth, reduced yield, and lower-quality produce. Weeds can also act as hosts for pests, fungi, and diseases, which can spread to crops and cause further damage. Their presence increases production costs due to the need for additional labor, machinery, and chemical treatments for control. Moreover, weeds can interfere with harvesting by entangling with crops or machinery, making the process more labor-intensive. Some weeds even release harmful chemicals into the soil, inhibiting crop growth through a process known as allelopathy. Additionally, certain weeds can exacerbate water stress or cause waterlogging in the fields, further degrading the growing environment for crops. Effective weed management is crucial to ensure healthy crops, improve productivity, and maintain the sustainability of agricultural practices.

2. Classify weeds based on their life cycle and morphological features.

Ans: Weeds can be classified based on their life cycle and morphological features. In terms of life cycle, they are categorized into annual, perennial, and biennial weeds. Annual weeds complete their life cycle in one growing season, germinating, growing, flowering, and dying within a year. These can be further divided into summer annuals, which grow during the warm months, and winter annuals, which germinate in the fall and grow through the winter. Perennial weeds live for more than two years, typically spreading via roots or rhizomes and flowering every year. These can be deep-rooted perennials, such as dandelions, or creeping perennials, like clover. Biennial weeds, on the other hand, take two years to complete their life cycle, growing in the first year and flowering in the second before dying.

Morphologically, weeds can be divided into grasses, broadleaf weeds, sedges, and vines. Grasses, classified as monocots, have narrow leaves with parallel veins and hollow stems. Broadleaf weeds, or dicots, have broad leaves with a network of veins and taproots. Sedges, which are also monocots, resemble grasses but have triangular stems and solid structures. Vines, on the other hand, are weeds with climbing or spreading stems that can overrun other plants. Additionally, weeds can be aquatic, growing in water or marshy environments, such as water hyacinths or duckweed, or parasitic, relying on host plants for nutrients, like mistletoe or dodder. This classification aids in better understanding and managing weeds in agricultural and garden settings.

3. Distinguish between broad leaved and narrow leaved weeds.

Ans: The difference between broad leaved and narrow leaved weeds are mentioned below:

Broadleaf Weeds	Narrow  leaved weeds
They have two seed leaves (cotyledons).	They have only one seed leaf.
The leaves are broad.	The leaves are narrowing.
The veins on the leaves are branched or netted.	The leaves have parallel veins
The stems are often branched.	The stems are unbranched.
They have showy flowers.	They have inconspicuous flowers.

D. Match the columns:

A	B
Monocot weeds	(a) Consists of/has a hard triangular stem.
Dicot weeds	(b) Completes life cycle in more than two years.
Sedges	(c) Leaves are slender, long and have parallel veins.
Perennial weeds	(d) Completes life cycle within two years.
Biennial weeds	(e) Has a taproot system with broad leaves.

Ans: 

A	B
Monocot weeds	(c) Leaves are slender, long and have parallel veins.
Dicot weeds	(e) Has a taproot system with broad leaves.
Sedges	(a) Consists of/ has a hard triangular stem.
Perennial weeds	(b) Completes life cycle in more than two years.
Biennial weeds	(d) Completes life cycle within two years.

Session – 2: Weed Management

Check Your Progress

A. Fill in the blanks:

1. Growing two or more crops next to each other at the same time is called ______________.

Ans: Intercropping.

2. Soil temperatures must reach above ______________°C to facilitate solarisation.

Ans: 45-50.

3. The different types of crops that grow in the same field in sequenced seasons are known as ______________. 

Ans: Crop rotation.

4. Pulling out weeds from the field by hand with the help of a khurpi is called ______________. 

Ans: Hand weeding.

5. Diquat is a ___________ herbicide.

Ans: Post-Emergence.

B. Multiple choice questions:

1. Herbicides applied prior to the emergence of the weed seed is known as _____________.

(a) Pre-plant application.

(b) Pre-emergence application.

(c) Post-emergence application.

(d) All of the above.

Ans: (b) Pre-emergence application.

2. Pendimethalin can be used in potato as a pre-emergence spray and the dosage is _____________.

(a) 1 kg/ha.

(b) 2 kg/ha.

(c) 3 kg/ha.

(d) None of these.

Ans: (b) 2 kg/ha.

3. Which of the following herbicides can be used as a pre-plant/transplant?

(a) Alachlor.

(b) Pendimethalin.

(c) Fluchloralin.

(d) All of the above.

Ans: (d) All of the above.

4. Living organisms, such as fungi, bacteria and insects that are used to control weed population are known as _____________.

(a) Myco-herbicides.

(b) Persistent herbicides.

(c) Bio-herbicides.

(d) Herbigation.

Ans: (c) Bio-herbicides.

5. Herbicides applied before planting the main crop are _____________.

(a) Pre-plant herbicides.

(b) Pre-emergence herbicides.

(c) Post-emergence herbicides.

(d) All of the above.

Ans: (a) Pre-plant herbicides.

C. Subjective questions: