SEBA Class 10 Solanaceous Crop Cultivator Chapter 1 Irrigation Management in Vegetable Crops

SEBA Class 10 Solanaceous Crop Cultivator Chapter 1 Irrigation Management in Vegetable Crops Solutions English Medium, SEBA Class 10 Solanaceous Crop Cultivator Question Answer, SEBA Class 10 Solanaceous Crop Cultivator Chapter 1 Irrigation Management in Vegetable Crops Notes to each chapter is provided in the list so that you can easily browse throughout different chapter Assam Board Solanaceous Crop Cultivator Elective Notes Class 10 SEBA English Medium and select needs one.

SEBA Class 10 Solanaceous Crop Cultivator Chapter 1 Irrigation Management in Vegetable Crops

Also, you can read the SCERT book online in these sections Solutions by Expert Teachers as per SCERT (CBSE) Book guidelines. SEBA Solanaceous Crop Cultivator Elective Class 10 Question Answer. These solutions are part of SCERT All Subject Solutions. Here we have given Class 10 Solanaceous Crop Cultivator Elective Solutions for All Chapter, You can practice these here.

Irrigation Management in Vegetable Crops

Chapter – 1

Session – 1: Irrigation and Water Quality

Check Your Progress

A. Fill in the blanks:

1. Water is an essential ____________ for plant life.

Ans: Elements.

2. Vegetable crops grow fast, hence they require __________ and ___________.

Ans: Frequent, More water.

3. The untreated water from urban-industrial areas is ____________ in quality. 

Ans: Poor.

4. _________ pH range of water is considered safe for irrigation. 

Ans: 6.5 to 8.5.

B. Multiple choice questions:

1. Irrigation is a practice of _____________.

(a) Only artificial application of water.

(b) Watering through rainfall.

(c) Recharging groundwater.

(d) Storing rainwater.

Ans: (a) Only artificial application of water.

2. Irrigation water suitable for most of the crops contains ____________ boron.

(a) Below 1.0 ppm.

(b) 1.0 ppm – 1.5 ppm.

(c) 1.0 ppm – 2.0 ppm.

(d) Above 2.0 ppm.

Ans: (a) below 1.0 ppm.

3. The most common surface water source is a ______________.

(a) Tube well.

(b) Dug well.

(c) River.

(d) Bore well.

Ans: (c) River.

4. Total dissolved salt in water is measured with a _____________.

(a) Hygrometer.

(b) Lux meter.

(c) PH meter.

(d) EC meter.

Ans: (d) EC meter.

5. Electrical conductivity in irrigation water should Be ____________.

(a) Below 1500 micromhos/cm.

(b) 2000-3000 micromhos/cm.

(c) 2500-3500 micromhos/cm.

(d) Above 3000 micromhos/cm.

Ans: (a) Below 1500 micromhos/cm.

C. Short answer questions.

1. Define irrigation and enlist the role of irrigation water.

Ans: Irrigation is the process of applying water to the crops artificially to fulfil their water requirements.Irrigation is the artificial application of water to soil or land to assist in the growth of crops. It is done through various methods such as channels, pipes, or sprinklers when natural rainfall is insufficient or irregular.

The role of irrigation water are mentioned below: 

(i) Helps in maintaining soil moisture.

(ii) Promotes healthy crop growth by ensuring adequate water supply.

(iii) Enhances agricultural productivity, especially in dry areas.

(iv) Facilitates the cultivation of crops in regions with uncertain rainfall patterns.

(v) Assists in leaching harmful salts from the soil.

2. Point out the criteria for suitability of irrigation water.

Ans: The suitability of irrigation water are mentioned below: 

(i) Salinity: Water should have low salinity to avoid soil salinization.

(ii) pH: Water should have a neutral or slightly alkaline pH (around 6.5 to 8.5).

(iii) Boron concentration: Should be below 1.0 ppm for most crops.

(iv) Electrical Conductivity (EC): Should not exceed 1500 micromhos/cm.

(v) Toxicity: Should not contain toxic substances like heavy metals or high concentrations of sodium.

3. When is water suitable for irrigation?

Ans: Water is suitable for irrigation when it meets the following conditions:

(i) pH of water being used for irrigation should range between 6.5 to 8.5.

(ii) Water salinity is an indicator of total dissolved salts present in the water. It is of prime concern for both the soil structure and crop yield. Salt concentration  is measured by electrical conductivity (EC) in milliSiemens per meter (mSm-1) or micromhos per cm. Water having EC below 1500 micromhos/cm is good for irrigation.

(iii) Sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) is a measure of the relative proportion of sodium (Na+) to calcium (Ca+2) and magnesium (Mg+2) in water. High sodium causes  breaking of soil aggregates and sealing of the soil pores. Sodium weakens the binding capacity of soil. A small SAR value indicates low sodium content in water. It should be below 10 in irrigation water.

(iv) Residual sodium carbonate and bicarbonate concentration content in water increases the pH. This can have an alkalising effect and raise the SAR index. Residual sodium carbonate below 1.5 mg/litre in irrigation water is safe.

(v) Boron is the most common element found in toxic concentrations in water. It cannot be easily removed  from water. The only remedy is to dilute high boron  water. Below 1.0 ppm boron content is acceptable level in irrigation water.

4. Classify irrigation sources with proper examples. 

Ans: Irrigation sources can be classified into surface water sources, groundwater sources, and other sources. Surface water sources include rivers, canals, lakes, and ponds. For example, the Indira Gandhi Canal in India is a major surface water irrigation source. Groundwater sources consist of wells, tube wells, and bore wells. Tube wells are widely used in agricultural regions where groundwater is accessible, such as in Punjab and Haryana. Other sources include rainwater harvesting and desalinated water. Rainwater harvesting systems store rainwater in tanks or ponds for irrigation, which is particularly useful in drought-prone areas. In coastal regions, desalinated seawater is also used as an alternative irrigation source.

5. How is water testing helpful for a farmer?

Ans: Water testing is important for farmers because it helps them understand the quality of their water and identify issues that may affect their crops. 

D. Match the columns:

A	B
1. Quality test	(a) Mulching
2. Poor quality water	(b) Frequent watering
3. Increase water pH	(c) Deposit salts in root zone
4. Increase irrigation interval	(d) Suitability of water
5. Shallow rooted crops	(e) Carbonate and bicarbonate

Ans: 

A	B
1. Quality test	(d) Suitability of water
2. Poor quality water	(c) Deposit salts in root zone
3. Increase water pH	(e) Carbonate and bicarbonate
4. Increase irrigation interval	(a) Mulching
5. Shallow rooted crops	(b) Frequent watering

Session – 2: Water Requirement and Irrigation Methods

A. Fill in the blanks:

1. Applying irrigation water in the crop at definite frequency is known as ______________.

Ans: Irrigation scheduling.

2. A particular stage of the plants that is sensitive to water stress is known as _____________.

Ans: Critical stage.

3. Land, levelled and divided into different strips of appropriate size by making borders, is called the _____________ method.

Ans: Border irrigation.

4. Sprinkler irrigation is also known as ______________. 

Ans: Overhead irrigation.

5. The critical stage of irrigation in onion and garlic crops is ____________. 

Ans: Bulb formation stage.

6. In drip irrigation system, water is let out through devices called ______________.

Ans: Emitters or drippers.

7. A highly efficient irrigation system with 80–90% water use efficiency is ______________. 

Ans: Drip irrigation.

B. Multiple choice questions:

1. The critical stage of irrigation in cabbage is _______________.

(a) Head formation.

(b) Flowering stage.

(c) Seed germination.

(d) Harvesting stage.

Ans: (a) Head formation.

2. Irrigation water spread over the crop as well as on the soil in a circular manner is called ______________________. 

(a) Flood.

(b) Border.

(c) Overhead irrigation.

(d) Check.

Ans: (c) Overhead irrigation.

3. The process of applying liquid fertilisers through an irrigation system is known as ____________.

(a) Fertigation.

(b) Drip irrigation.

(c) Sprinkler irrigation.

(d) Furrow irrigation.

Ans: (a) Fertigation.

4. The irrigation method, which is suitable in undulating lands is ___________.

(a) flood irrigation.

(b) furrow irrigation.

(c) sprinkler irrigation.

(d) basin irrigation.

Ans: (c) sprinkler irrigation.

5. Drip irrigation helps in __________.

(a) saving water.

(b) increasing yield.

(c) increasing quality.

(d) All of the above.

Ans: (d) All of the above.

C. Short answer questions: