NIOS Class 12 Economics Chapter 1 Overview of Indian Economy, Solutions to each chapter is provided in the list so that you can easily browse through different chapters NIOS Class 12 Economics Chapter 1 Overview of Indian Economy and select need one. NIOS Class 12 Economics Chapter 1 Overview of Indian Economy Question Answers Download PDF. NIOS Study Material of Class 12 Economics Notes Paper 318.
NIOS Class 12 Economics Chapter 1 Overview of Indian Economy
Also, you can read the NIOS book online in these sections Solutions by Expert Teachers as per National Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS) Book guidelines. These solutions are part of NIOS All Subject Solutions. Here we have given NIOS Class 12 Economics Chapter 1 Overview of Indian Economy, NIOS Senior Secondary Course Economics Solutions for All Chapters, You can practice these here.
Overview of Indian Economy
Chapter: 1
Module – I: Indian Economic Development
TEXT BOOK QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
Intext Questions 1.1
Fill in The Blanks:
1. India’s per capita income is _________of that of China?
(a) Twice.
(b) One third.
(c) Same as.
(d) None of the above.
Ans: (b) One third.
2. USA’s per capita income is __________ of that of India?
(a) 15 times.
(b) 10 times.
(c) Less than.
(d) None of the above.
Ans: (a) 15 times.
3. As per 2011 census, India’s population stands at:
(a) More than 100 crore.
(b) Less than 100 crores.
(c) More than 121 crores.
(d) None of the above.
Ans: (c) more than 121 crores.
4. India’s Birth rate in 2010 was:
(a) 20.2
(b) 21.2
(c) 22.1
(d) 23.2
Ans: (c) 22.1
5. India’s death rate in 2010 was:
(a) 7.2
(b) 7.4
(c) 7.8
(d) 7.9
Ans: (a) 7.2.
6. India’s population growth was rapid because:
(a) Death rate is more than birth rate.
(b) Birth rate is more than death rate.
(c) Birth rate is same as death rate.
(d) None of the above.
Ans: (b) Birth rate is more than death rate.
7. In 2011, __________ percent of India’s working population was engaged in agriculture?
(a) 70
(b) 80
(c) 68
(d) 58
Ans: (d) 58.
8. Contribution of agriculture to India’s national income in 2011 was around
(a) 10 percent.
(b) 20 percent.
(c) 17 percent.
(d) 25 percent.
Ans: (c) 17 percent.
Intext Questions
1. What was the share of agriculture in India’s national income in 1950 – 57?
Ans: The share of agriculture in India’s national income in 1950 – 51 is 56.5 percent.
2. With economic development, labour force tend to shift from industry to agriculture. (True or False).
Ans: False.
3. What was the share of agriculture in India’s export in 2011 – 12?
Ans: The share of agriculture in India’s import in 2011 – 12 is 12.3 percent.
4. Give the full form of LPG?
Ans: Liberalisation, Privatisation and Globalisation.
5. The industrial policy of 1956 emphasized on the strategy of
(a) Light industries.
(b) small and medium industries.
(c) Heavy industries.
(d) none of the above.
Ans: (c) Heavy industries.
Terminal Exercise
Short Answer Type Questions
1. Give one positive and one negative features of Indian economy.
Ans: India has a planned economy. The allocation of resources is determined by a comprehensive plan of production which specifies output requirements. There are five year plans and the government prepares budgets for the country one the basis of which the expenses are made and the investments can be made. The second positive feature is that India has been getting much investment.
The negative feature of India economy is that it is characterised by low per capita income. India’s per capita income-the ratio of national income over population-is very low as compared with developed countries like USA and China.
2. Give two reasons for low productivity in agriculture in India.
Ans: Low productivity in agriculture in India is because of:
(i) Traditional Methods of Cultivation: Traditional methods of cultivation like manual ploughing two crop pattern and old system of irrigation are mainly responsible for low productivity of agriculture.
(ii) Insufficient Irrigation Facilities: Indian agriculture is mainly dependent on rain. Even after 60 years of independence only 40% of the agriculture land has permanent irrigation of facility.
3. What is the main cause of increase in population in India?
Ans: The main cause of increase in population in India is decline in the death rate and rise in birth rate. The fall in death rates that is decline in mortality rate is one fundamental causes of overpopulation. The new inventions in medicine have brought in treatments for most of the dreadful diseases. This has resulted in an increase in the life expectancy of individuals. The birth rate also has increased. Science has led to an increase in birth rate. This is certainly a reason to be proud and happy but advances in medicines have also become a cause of overpopulation.
4. Why is India called planned economy?
Ans: India is a planned economy. Its development process has been continuing through five year plan since the first plan period during 1951 – 56. The advantage of planning is very well known. Through planning the country sets its priorities first and provides the financial estimates to achieve the same. Accordingly efforts are made to mobilise resources from various sources at least cost. Indía has already completed eleven five year plan periods and the twelfth plan is in progress. After every plan al review is made analysing the achievements and short falls. Accordingly, things are rectified in the next plan. Today India is a growing economy and recognised every where as a future economic power. The per capita income of India is growing at a higher rate than before. India is seen as a big market for various products. All these are possible due to planning in India.
5. Define poverty line in rural area.
Ans: Poverty line is an economic benchmark and poverty threshold used by the government of India to indicate economic disadvantage and to identify individuals and households in need of government assistance and aid. It is determined using various parameters which vary from state to state and within states. According to 2011-12 estimates, about 269.3 million people were poor. A person is considered as poor, if he is not able to consume minimum 2400 calories in rural areas. The government has also estimated that a person should have minimum Rs. 816 in rural areas.
Long Answer Type Questions
1. India suffers from heavy population pressure. Explain.
Ans: India is world’s second largest populated country after China. As per 2011 census India’s population stands at more than 121 crores. It increased at a rate of 1.03 percent during 1990-2001. The main cause of fast rise in India’s population is the sharp decline in death rate while the birth rate has not decreased as fast. Death rate is defined as the number of people died per thousand of population while birth rate is defined as the number of people taking birth per thousand of population.
In 2010, the birth rate was 22.1 persons per one thousand population while the 5 death rate was only 7.2 persons per one thousand population. Low death rate is not a problem. In fact it is a sign of development. Low death rate reflects better public health system. But high birth rate is a problem because it directly pushes the growth of population. After 1921, India’s population increased very fast because birth rate declined very slowly while death rate declined very fast. From 49 in 1921 the birth rate declined to 22.1 in 2010 while during the same time period, death rate declined from 49 to 7.2. Hence the population growth was very rapid in India.
Heavy population pressure has become a major source of worry for India. It has put burden on the public exchequer to mobilize enough resources to provide public education, health care, infrastructure etc.
2. Explain two positive features of Indian economy.
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