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NIOS Class 10 Science and Technology Chapter 19 Classification of Living Organism
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Classification of Living Organism
Chapter: 19
INTEXT QUESTIONS 19.1
1. What does biodiversity mean?
Ans: The various living beings living on earth constitute biodiversity.
2. Define:
(i) Species.
Ans: Group of interbreeding populations.
(ii) Biosphere.
Ans: Livable part of earth.
(iii) Ecosystem.
Ans: Ecosystem: an area whose inmates interact with each other and also the physical surroundings.
3. Name the three levels of biodiversity.
Ans: Ecological diversity, species diversity, genetic diversity.
4. What is meant by biodiversity hotspots?
Ans: Hot spots are those areas of a country where some typical plants and animals (organisms) are exclusively present.
INTEXT QUESTIONS 19.2
1. What is meant by classification?
Ans: Classification: Categorising biodiversity into groups based on similarity and differences of organisms.
2. How has classification made study of diversity possible?
Ans: To make study of the enormous diversity possible.
3. Name the three domains into which all the organisms of the world are categorised?
Ans: Archaea, Prokarya, Eukarya.
4. Name the five kingdoms of life and mention the three features on which this classification is based.
Ans: Monera, Protoctista (Protista), Fungi, Plantae, Animalia.
5. Study the table 19.2 on kingdoms of life and fill in the names of kingdom at A to E in the flow chart given below:
Ans: A= Monera, B= Protoctista, C= Fungi, D=Plantae, E= Animalia.
INTEXT QUESTIONS 19.3
1. Find out the scientific name of the following : Frog, cat, China rose, onion. You may get them from someone in your neighbourhood who knows Biology or from internet or some Biology book.
Ans: Rana tigrina, Felis domestica, Hibiscus rosa sinensis, Allium cepa.
2 In the following table, fill in plus (+) for present and minus (-) for absent to show the difference between plants and animals.
Ans: + –, – +, – +, – +, + –, – +.
3. See the pictures of the two arthropods shown below. Mark one similarity and one difference.
Ans: Similarity = jointed legs / Head divided into head, thorax and abdomen. Differences = No. of pairs of legs
4. Which out of ABCD is a. Fungus b. Fern c. Moss d. Alga.
Ans: A= Algae, B= Moss, C=Fungus, D=Fern.
5. Which out of ABCD is
(a) Fungus.
(b) Fern.
(c) Moss.
(d) Alga.
Ans: (d) Alga.
| TERMINAL EXERCISES |
1. Define biodiversity. Mention its three levels and briefly explain them.
Ans: Biodiversity is defined as the variety of all living things; the different plants, animals and microorganisms, the genetic information they contain and the ecosystems they form. Biodiversity is usually explored at three levels – genetic diversity, species diversity and ecosystem diversity.
There are three types of biodiversity which are genetic biodiversity, species biodiversity and ecosystem biodiversity.
2. What are the global and Indian patterns of biodiversity? What do you mean by a ‘hot spot’ of diversity?
Ans: The Biodiversity patterns in India can be attributed to the variety of climates and landforms that exist in our country including mountains, beaches, peninsulas, desserts etc. the climate of the country also ranges from temperate to tropical, hence giving way to a rich Biodiversity all across.
3. Name the three domains of life and state one distinguishing feature of each.
Ans: There are three types of domains which are eukaryotic, bacteria, archaea. The small living particles are known as bacteria. The unicellular elements are known as eukaryotes
4. Name the five kingdoms of life and state one feature of each of the kingdoms which differs from that of the others.
Ans: The five kingdom of life and state one features of each of the kingdom which differs from of the others are mentioned below:
(i) Monera: They are prokaryotic unicellular organisms. They possess a cell wall.
(ii) Protista: They are eukaryotic unicellular organisms. Some have a cell wall.
(iii) Fungi: They are eukaryotic multicellular.
(iv) Plantae: They are eukaryotic multicellular.
(v) Animalia: They are eukaryotic multicellular.
5. Give an account of the classification of Kingdom Plantae into its divisions. Cite examples.
Ans: Plante: Eukaryotes and cellulose are present. Examples are algae, moss, fern etc.
6. State the difference between chordates and non chordates.
Ans: The difference between chordates and non chordates are mentioned below:
Chordates:
(i) chordates have a spinal cord or backbone in their body structure.
(ii) There is a post-anal-tail at some stage in the life cycle of chordates. Non-chordates do not have a post-anal-tai.
Non chordates:
(i) non-chordates are without backbone or notochord in their body structure.
(ii) Non-chordates do not have a post-anal-tail.
7. Name the phyla to which the following belong: wolf, earthworm, sponge, jelly fish, sparrow, butterfly, starfish, snail, tape worm, round worm.
Ans: Phylum of wolf is Chordate, Phylum of Earthworm is Annelid , Phylum of Sponge is Porifera, Phylum of jelly fish is Cnidaria, Phylum of sparrow is Chordate, Phylum of Butterfly is Arthropod.
8. To which class of chordates do the following belong? Justify your inclusion into the class by stating any one characteristic feature. Crow, lion, cobra, flying frog, shark, fresh water fish.
Ans: Cow: – Aves, lion: – Mammalia, cobra: – reptile, flying frog: – Amphibian, shark: – Chondrichthyes, fresh water fish: – osteichthyes.
9. Write three sentences on why we need to classify and give scientific names to organisms.
Ans: Three sentence we need to classify and gives scientific names to organism are mentioned below:
(i) For separation from other species.
(ii) To keep similar in same place.
(iii) To understand the difference at a glance.
10. Why does biodiversity need to be conserved?
Ans: Biodiversity is essential for the processes that support all life on Earth, including humans. Without a wide range of animals, plants and microorganisms, we cannot have the healthy ecosystems that we rely on to provide us with the air we breathe and the food we eat. And people also value nature of itself.
11. State three ways by which biodiversity may be conserved?
Ans: There ways by which biodiversity may be conserved are mentioned below:
(i) All the varieties of food, timber plants, livestock, microbes and agricultural animals should be conserved.
(ii) All the economically important organisms should be identified and conserved.
(iii)) Unique ecosystems should be preserved first.
12. List 10 ways in which organisms help each other survive in nature. What message can you derive from their interdependence?
Ans: Do yourself.
13. Why have some plants and animals become endangered? State at least five human activities as causes.
Ans: Plants and animals are facing high risk because of over exploitation of plants and animal resources, greedy hunting for commercial purposes, deforestation, pollution etc. The endangered species of animals in India Habitat loss is the primary.
cause of higher extinction rates. Other causes include habitat changes, over-exploitation of wildlife for commercial purposes, the introduction of harmful nonnative species, pollution, and the spread of diseases.
14. Write in a paragraph on “what would happen if living beings did not have scientific names and were not grouped.” Mention at least five consequences.
Ans: With the help of the scientific name we can place any species according to their particular places which help to understand the different types of species. Like wise the plant should keep in their respective class and animal should kept in their respective class.
The five consequences are mentioned below:
(i) Firstly, communication among scientists and researchers would be severely hindered, as precise identification and reference to species would become nearly impossible. This would impede the advancement of knowledge in fields such as ecology, evolution, and medicine.
(ii) Secondly, conservation efforts would suffer greatly without standardised nomenclature, making it difficult to track and protect endangered species.
(iii) Thirdly, the understanding of ecosystems and their intricate interconnections would be compromised, hindering efforts to maintain biodiversity and manage ecosystems effectively.
(iv) Agriculture and food production would be impacted, as the lack of classification would make it challenging to identify pests, pathogens, and beneficial species.
(v) Fifth the cultural and historical significance of species would diminish, as the absence of names and groupings would erode the foundation of our shared understanding of the natural world, affecting art, literature, and indigenous knowledge systems.
15. You find some boys pelting stones at a monkey sitting on a tree. Write five sentences which can dissuade those boys.
Ans: Do yourself.
