NIOS Class 10 Psychology Chapter 14 Communication Solutions to each chapter is provided in the list so that you can easily browse throughout different chapters NIOS Class 10 Psychology Chapter 14 Communication Notes and select need one. NIOS Class 10 Psychology Chapter 14 Communication Question Answers Download PDF. NIOS Study Material of Class 10 Psychology Notes Paper 222.
NIOS Class 10 Psychology Chapter 14 Communication
Also, you can read the NIOS book online in these sections Solutions by Expert Teachers as per National Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS) Book guidelines. These solutions are part of NIOS All Subject Solutions. Here we have given NIOS Class 10 Psychology Chapter 14 Communication Solutions, NIOS Secondary Course Psychology Solutions for All Chapter, You can practice these here.
Communication
Chapter: 14
TEXTBOOK QUESTIONS ANSWERS
INTEXT QUESTIONS 14.1 AND 14.2
Q.1. Which of the following statements is not correct:
(a) Communication is a continuous process.
Ans: True.
(b) We can communicate through words.
Ans: True.
(c) We cannot communicate through gestures.
Ans: False.
(d) We cannot express through tones and expressions.
Ans: False.
Q.2. Explain the key elements of communication?
Ans: The key elements of communication are:
(i) Communication is a two-way process: It involves a sender and a receiver. When you talk to your father, communication is at the individual level. When a teacher talks to a group of students, communication is at group level.
(ii)There has to be a message: The information has to be in the form of a message, a directive, an idea, a feeling or an opinion.
(iii) Commonness of understanding: Communication can occur only when there is commonness of understanding between sender and receiver. The basis of commonness can be culture, language, and environment. Words, phrases, idioms, gestures and proverbs provide a common basis for communication.
(iv) Modifying the behaviour of other people: The information transmitted to the receiver brings forth a response in the form of some change in his/her behaviour. For example, the moment you hear that fire has broken out in the building, you along with others will run out of the building.
(v) Method of giving information: Information is provided with the help of words or through gestures, expressions and the like.
INTEXT QUESTIONS 14.3
Fill in the blanks:
Q.1. Reading, speaking, writing, or listening are examples of ____________.
Ans: Verbal communication.
Q.2. Gestures, eye contact, facial expressions, posture and body orientation, distance are ___________ ways of communicating.
Ans: Verbal communication.
Q.3. The four basic channels of non-verbal communication are, ___________, __________, ___________, ___________.
Ans: Kinesis, gaze, proxemics, haptics.
Q.4. Haptics refers to ___________ and is a function of culture.
Ans: Touch.
INTEXT QUESTIONS 14.4 AND 14.5
State whether the following statements are ‘True’ or ‘False’:
Q.1. Majority of our communication is through the non-verbal channels.
Ans: False.
Q.2. People have an unlimited capacity to receive and process information.
Ans: True.
Q.3. Language usage is influenced by age, gender and cultural background.
Ans: True.
Q.4. Contents of the communication must be of mutual interest to the sender and receiver.
Ans: True.
Q.5. Effective communication can be achieved by talking fast.
Ans: False.
Q.2. Describe the main features of effective communication.
Ans: Certain features of effective communication are:
(i) Common frame of reference: The sender and the receiver should interact at a common level of understanding. When a mother speaks to her child she uses words which are present in the child’s vocabulary e.g. a scolding tone, if the child has been naughty or a concerned tone when the child is unwell. But while speaking to her sister she will use different words, phrases and tones depending upon the context. Thus a common level of understanding is essential for effective Communication.
(ii) Mutual interest: Contents of the communication must be of mutual interest to the sender and receiver. For a farmer how the Stock Market operates is of no interest as his concern is about the quality of seeds and manure or the effect of climate changes on the crops.
(iii) Common Language: Language is the strongest means of verbal communication. A common language ensures effective communication. Because it ensures minimum misunderstanding of words, phrases, idioms and proverbs.
(iv) Common environment: People from similar backgrounds understand the message without much problem. Thus common nationality, economic status, culture, social interests, age group and professions are some examples. Can you make a list of the other common issues? You must have noted how it is easier to talk to people from your own religious group, class or town.
INTEXT QUESTIONS 14.6
Q.1. Explain the role of culture in non-verbal communication in the Indian context.
Ans: It is important to understand the nature of non-verbal communication of any culture, particularly as it is used in everyday life. Some non-verbal cues are common to all cultures and they send the same message. Non-verbal communication gives us information about our relationships with others, with regard to liking, status, age, gender and it is appropriate for conveying our emotions also. In the Indian context certain non-verbal cues are distinct.
Let us understand about body language and movement, or Kinesis. In the Indian setting. couples are not expected to show affectionate or intimate gestures towards each other, particularly if they are in a public place or in the presence of the family. Holding of hands or even looking at one’s husband is frowned upon. Indians, like any other culture, have distinct gestures and hand movements. In India, when you slide one hand over your wrist, it indicates the use of a traditional Hindu woman’s bracelet called a bangle. If this is done to a man, it questions his manhood and provokes him to a fight.
Handshakes are common, but more so between men or between women. Handshake between a man and woman are generally avoided. In cities like Delhi and Mumbai handshakes between men and women in the corporate world is quite common. Hence the context will determine the appropriate non-verbal communication.
Social factors in non-verbal communication: Indians have high power-distance index, which indicates that cultural factors, such as hierarchy, authority, and age (elders), play a definitive role in communications. Interpersonal relations, position of authority, age and gender determine the distance to be maintained between two people. People superior in status can directly look at a person from a lower status, but a person of lower status usually stands with eyes downcast (as a mark of respect), and stands at a reasonable distance from the superior person. For example, employer employee, father-son, daughter-in-law and an elder person of the husband’s family.
Women generally do not maintain eye contact with men from their husband’s family. Often women from a conservative, traditional background cover their head with a Veil.
Indians value their personal space, usually one and a half to two metres is the norm. Yet there is little physical distance with family and close friends. Public affection, holding hands, hugging, amongst family and close friends is quite common. Also after visiting family or friends, while leaving a group each member is expected to be bid goodbye individually. Indian youngsters usually bend and touch the feet of older persons to greet them or while taking leave of them.
TERMINAL QUESTIONS
Q.1. With the help of relevant examples define communication. Discuss the five elements of communication.
Ans: The help of relevant examples define communication. Discuss the five elements of communication are:
(i) Communication is a two-way process: It involves a sender and a receiver. When you talk to your father, communication is at the individual level. When a teacher talks to a group of students, communication is at group level.
(ii) There has to be a message: The information has to be in the form of a message, a directive, an idea, a feeling or an opinion.
(iii) Commonness of understanding: Communication can occur only when there is commonness of understanding between sender and receiver. The basis of commonness can be culture, language, and environment. Words, phrases, idioms, gestures and proverbs provide a common basis for communication.
(iv) Modifying the behaviour of other people: The information transmitted to the receiver brings forth a response in the form of some change in his/her behaviour. For example, the moment you hear that fire has broken out in the building, you along with others will run out of the building.
(v) Method of giving information: Information is provided with the help of words or through gestures, expressions and the like.
Q.2. Discuss how verbal and non-verbal communication play an important role in our daily life.
Ans: Communication can be broadly divided into two categories.
These are:
(i) Verbal communication: When words are used as tools of interaction between two or more individuals, it is termed as verbal communication. It can be oral or written. Verbal communication provides us with meaningful interaction between people, information and direction. It is a fundamental requirement for life. Researchers have noted that on an average a person spends 10 to 11 hours every day in verbal communication that is, reading, speaking, writing, or listening. Some common forms of verbal communication are conversations, speeches, letters, newspapers, magazines, telephonic conversations, etc.
(ii) Non-verbal communication: It is interesting to note that non-verbal communication or body language accounts for more than 70 percent of our communication while words account for just about 10 percent ! Thus non-verbal Communication is very important in human interaction. Gestures, eye contact, facial expressions, posture and body orientation, distance are some of the non-verbal ways of communicating. Non-verbal communication helps to
• Create impressions beyond the verbal element of communication,
• Reinforces what has been said,
• Helps to express our emotions and interpersonal attitudes,
• Helps to convey power, affection, dominance, respect etc,
• Manage and regulate the interaction with others, and
• Allows self-presentation.
There are various channels of non-verbal communication. However it is important to note that non-verbal communication is influenced by culture; hence it must be understood with reference to the culture.
Q.3. Explain the different features of effective communication.
Ans: The difference features of effective communication are:
(i) Common frame of reference: The sender and the receiver should interact at a common level of understanding. When a mother speaks to her child she uses words which are present in the child’s vocabulary e.g. a scolding tone, if the child has been naughty or a concerned tone when the child is unwell. But while speaking to her sister she will use different words, phrases and tones depending upon the context. Thus a common level of understanding is essential for effective Communication.
(ii) Mutual interest: Contents of the communication must be of mutual interest to the sender and receiver. For a farmer how the Stock Market operates is of no interest as his concern is about the quality of seeds and manure or the effect of climate changes on the crops.
(iii) Common Language: Language is the strongest means of verbal communication. A common language ensures effective communication. Because it ensures minimum misunderstanding of words, phrases, idioms and proverbs.
(iv) Common environment: People from similar backgrounds understand the message without much problem. Thus common nationality, economic status, culture, social interests, age group and professions are some examples. Can you make a list of the other common issues? You must have noted how it is easier to talk to people from your own religious group, class or town.
Q.4. With the help of relevant examples discuss the unique patterns of non-verbal communication in the Indian context.
Ans: It is important to understand the nature of non-verbal communication of any culture, particularly as it is used in everyday life. Some non-verbal cues are common to all cultures and they send the same message. Non-verbal communication gives us information about our relationships with others, with regard to liking, status, age, gender and it is appropriate for conveying our emotions also. In the Indian context certain non-verbal cues are distinct.
Let us understand body language and movement, or Kinesis. In the Indian setting. couples are not expected to show affectionate or intimate gestures towards each other, particularly if they are in a public place or in the presence of the family. Holding hands or even looking at one’s husband is frowned upon. Indians, like any other culture, have distinct gestures and hand movements. In India, when you slide one hand over your wrist, it indicates the use of a traditional Hindu woman’s bracelet called a bangle. If this is done to a man, it questions his manhood and provokes him into a fight. Handshakes are common, but more so between men or between women. Handshakes between a man and woman are generally avoided. In cities like Delhi and Mumbai Handshakes between men and women in the corporate world are quite common. Hence The context will determine the appropriate non-verbal communication.
Social factors in non-verbal communication– Indians have a high power-distance index, which indicates that cultural factors, such as hierarchy, authority, and age (elders), play a definitive role in communications. Interpersonal relations, position of authority, age and gender determine the distance to be maintained between two people. People superior in status can directly look at a person from a lower status, but a person of lower status usually stands with eyes downcast (as a mark of respect), and stands at a reasonable distance from the superior person. For example, employer employee, father-son, daughter-in-law and an elder person of the husband’s family. Women generally do not maintain eye contact with men from their husband’s family. Often women from a conservative, traditional background cover their head with a veil.
Indians value their personal space, usually one and a half to two metres is the norm. Yet there is little physical distance with family and close friends. Public affection, holding hands, hugging, amongst family and close friends is quite common. Also after visiting family or friends, while leaving a group each member is expected to be bid goodbye individually. Indian youngsters usually bend and touch the feet of older persons to greet them or while taking leave of them.
Q.5. Discuss the role and impact of media on society.
Ans: Media is the technological means of sending information, ideas and opinions to a large audience. We live in a society where information and communication help us to progress ahead in various fields of life, like work, health care, entertainment, education, travel and personal relationships. We wake up every day to check the news on TV, newspaper or the Internet. We are exposed to advertisements which influence as to what we buy from the market. Children and teenagers are heavily influenced by media information regarding fashion, ideal body type, ideal image of beauty, urban lifestyles etc.
(i) Positive influences: Media has an important role to play; it both educates and enriches our lives. It provides educational information and improves academic performance. It collects and distributes information and news (religious, political, social, entertainment, and environmental) to the public. Media can be used for helping a beneficial cause, such as promoting literacy or providing information about the benefits of medical progress (vaccination, polio, health care for the child and mother, or AIDS). It transmits social and cultural values. Media plays a significant role in informing the public about the government policies, dealings and latest programmes. It allows the public to address its problems and maintain democracy in the country. media helps to mobilise people and brings about social integration. Mass media contact has been possible with the use of newspapers, radio, television news channels, and the Internet.
(ii) Negative influences: Media can also have negative effects both on the individual and society. India is well known for its diverse population in terms of faith, religion and language. Media can be misused by spreading wrong information and news, often leading to violence, prejudice and hatred among communities. Inciting communal violence and praising acts of violence must be avoided. Spread of rumours and propaganda is an organised way of spreading false information. Often the media does not respect the privacy of the individual and publishes private and confidential material about ordinary and well-known personalities. The use of media to circulate vulgar and obscene material is of concern to all, for the young and the adult.It must be realised that media serves important functions in society. Therefore it must fulfil certain responsibilities and obligations. The media must maintain ethical standards whereby it provides objective, balanced and accurate information to the masses. It should avoid inciting the masses towards crime, violence and hatred. Community building and national integration must be one of its objectives. In fact the media should reflect the pluralistic nature of India and provide a voice to all members of the nation.
