NCERT Class 9 Social Science Important Chapter 4 Early Humans and Beginning of Civilisation Solutions English Medium As Per New Syllabus. NCERT Class 9 Social Science Important Chapter 4 Early Humans and Beginning of Civilisation Notes to each chapter is provided in the list so that you can easily browse throughout different chapter NCERT Class 9 Social Science Additional Question Answer Download PDF and select needs one. CBSE Class 9 Social Science Additional Solutions.
NCERT Class 9 Social Science Important Chapter 4 Early Humans and Beginning of Civilisation
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Early Humans and Beginning of Civilisation
Chapter – 4
| Part – I: History |
| Important Question Answer |
A. Fill in the Blanks
1. The preserved remains of ancient plants, animals, or humans are called __________.
Ans: Fossils.
2. The earliest known writing system of Mesopotamia is known as __________ script.
Ans: Cuneiform.
3. The Neolithic period is mainly associated with the beginning of __________ and settled life.
Ans: Agriculture.
4. The Egyptian civilisation developed along the banks of the __________ River.
Ans: Nile.
5. The Huang He is also known as the __________ River.
Ans: Yellow.
B. True or False
1. Homo erectus was among the first human ancestors to migrate out of Africa.
Ans: True.
2. The Harappan script has been completely deciphered.
Ans: False.
3. The Mesolithic period is known for the use of microlithic tools.
Ans: True.
4. The Chinese civilisation flourished mainly along the Nile River.
Ans: False.
5. The Babylonians are remembered for the Code of Hammurabi.
Ans: True.
C. Short Answer Questions
1. Why are artefacts important for studying early human history?
Ans: Artefacts such as tools, pottery, and ornaments help archaeologists understand how early humans lived, worked, and adapted to their surroundings before the invention of writing.
2. How did stone tools become more advanced over time?
Ans: Early humans gradually developed smaller, sharper, and more specialised tools. They progressed from handaxes and cleavers to microliths and polished stone tools, making hunting, farming, and daily activities more efficient.
3. Why was surplus food important for the growth of civilisation?
Ans: Surplus food allowed people to settle permanently, support larger populations, practise specialised occupations, and develop trade, towns, and organised societies.
4. How did writing help the early civilisations?
Ans: Writing helped people maintain records of trade, laws, taxes, religious beliefs, and important events. It also preserved knowledge for future generations.
5. Why did many early civilisations develop near rivers?
Ans: Rivers supplied water for drinking and irrigation, provided fertile soil for farming, supported transport and trade, and helped settlements grow into prosperous civilisations.
6. What role did copper play in the development of early societies?
Ans: Copper improved the quality of tools and weapons, increased agricultural productivity, encouraged craft production, and supported the growth of trade and urban centres.
7. How did the environment influence the movement of early humans?
Ans: Changes in climate, availability of food, and environmental conditions encouraged early humans to migrate from Africa to different parts of Asia, Europe, and other regions.
8. What do the four major Bronze Age civilisations have in common?
Ans: They developed in fertile river valleys, practised agriculture, built organised settlements, developed writing systems, and promoted trade, administration, and cultural growth.
D. Long Answer Questions
1. Explain how human life changed from the Palaeolithic period to the Neolithic period.
Ans: During the Palaeolithic period, humans depended on hunting and gathering for food and lived in caves or temporary shelters. They used simple stone tools for survival. In the Mesolithic period, they developed smaller microlithic tools and improved hunting and fishing techniques. During the Neolithic period, humans began farming, domesticated animals, built permanent villages, made pottery, and produced polished stone tools. These changes led to settled life and laid the foundation for civilisation.
2. Describe the major achievements of the Mesopotamian civilisation.
Ans: The Mesopotamians developed one of the world’s earliest city-based civilisations. They introduced canal irrigation, built ziggurats, invented the cuneiform writing system, developed organised governments, promoted trade and craft production, and created the Code of Hammurabi. They also made important contributions to mathematics, time measurement, and transport.
3. Explain the important features of the Egyptian civilisation.
Ans: The Egyptian civilisation flourished along the Nile Rive. Its people practised agriculture with the help of annual floods, built pyramids and temples, developed hieroglyphic writing, used papyrus for writing, preserved bodies through mummification, and maintained a well-organised society ruled by Pharaohs. Religion, architecture, and trade were important aspects of Egyptian life.
4. Discuss the major developments that led to the rise of the Harappan civilisation.
Ans: The Harappan civilisation developed from earlier Neolithic and Chalcolithic farming communities. Improved agriculture, copper metallurgy, pottery making, bead production, trade, and organised settlements helped the civilisation grow. Standard weights, seals, writing, and planned urban centres emerged during this period, making it one of the world’s earliest urban civilisations.
5. Compare the contributions of the Mesopotamian, Egyptian, and Chinese civilisations.
Ans: The Mesopotamians introduced cuneiform writing, canal irrigation, and the Code of Hammurabi. The Egyptians developed pyramids, hieroglyphic writing, papyrus, and advanced irrigation systems along the Nile. The Chinese civilisation contributed oracle bone writing, bronze metallurgy, jade craftsmanship, the Great Wall, and later innovations such as paper currency and civil service examinations. Although these civilisations developed independently, they all advanced agriculture, trade, administration, and culture.
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