NCERT Class 6 Social Science Chapter 9 Vital Villages, Thriving Towns

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NCERT Class 6 Social Science Chapter 9 Vital Villages, Thriving Towns

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Also, you can read the NCERT book online in these sections Solutions by Expert Teachers as per Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) Book guidelines. CBSE Class 6 Social Science Solutions are part of All Subject Solutions. Here we have given NCERT Class 6 Social Science Chapter 9 Vital Villages, Thriving Towns, NCERT Class 6 Social Science Textbook of Our Pasts – I: History, The Earth – Our Habitat: Geography, Social and political Life: Civics. for All Chapters, You can practice these here.

Vital Villages, Thriving Towns

Chapter: 9

OUR PASTS – I [HISTORY]

NCERT TEXTBOOK QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS

LET’S RECALL

Q. 1. Fill in the blanks:

(a) _________was a word used for large land-owners in Tamil.

Ans. Vellalar.

(b) The gramabhajaka often got his land cultivated by the __________.

Ans. Slaves/hired labourers.

(c) Ploughmen were known as _________in Tamil.

Ans. Uzhavars.

(d) Most grihapatis were __________land-owners.

Ans. Smaller.

Q. 2. Describe the functions of the gramabhojaka. Why do you think he was powerful?

Ans. Functions of the Gramabhojaka: The village headman was known as gramabhojaka and he was the largest land-owner. He had slaves or hired workers to cultivate his land. 

(a) He also functioned as a judge and also a policeman.

(b) The king often used him to collect taxes from the village.

He was powerful because:

(a) He had a close associations with the king. 

(b) He had a strong control over the village.

(c) He had largest land which means he was quite rich and hence had financial power. 

Q. 3. List the crafts persons who would have been present in both villages and cities.

Ans. The crafts persons who would have been present in both villages and cities are as such as:

(a) Carpenters. 

(b) Weavers. 

(c) Potters. 

(d) Blacksmiths. 

(e) Goldsmiths.

Q. 4. Choose the correct answer:

(a) Ring wells were used for:

1. bathing.

2. washing clothes.

3. irrigation.

4. drainage.

Ans. 4. drainage.

(b) Punch marked coins were made of: 

1. silver.

2. gold.

3. tin.

4. ivory.

Ans. 1. silver.

(c) Mathura was an important:

1. village.

2. port.

3. religious center.

4. forested area

Ans. 3. religious center.

(d) Shrenis were associations of:

1. rulers. 

2. crafts persons.

3. farmers.

4. Herders.

Ans. 2. crafts persons.

LET’S DISCUSS

Q. 5. Which of the iron tools shown in the beginning of the chapter would have been important for agriculture? What would the other tools have been used for?

Ans. The axes would have been important for agriculture because it is used for clearing the land and the sickle is used for ploughing and sowing. The tong is used for domestic and household purposes. 

Q. 6. Compare the drainage system in your locality with that of the cities mentioned in the lesson. What similarities and differences do you notice?

Ans. Similarities:

(a) Now-a-days both the cities and our localities have a good drainage system in each house. 

(b) Now-a-days, there is hardly any cleanliness. People even use them carelessly. In the ancient time there was drains, garbage dumps and even toilets.

Differences:

(a) Today drainage system has systematically planned as compared to ancient times. 

(b) Today, cleanliness has become the first priority for each and every area/street.

LET’S DO

Q. 7. If you have seen crafts persons at work, describe in a short paragraph what they do. Hint: how do they get the raw materials, what kind of equipment do they use, how do they work, what happens to the finished product). 

Ans. I have seen a craftsperson and blacksmith at home. They get their raw materials such cal and iron from the nearby market. They used hammer, cutter and sickle in their work. Fire is used for melting the iron and given it the perfect desire shape. They worked very hard. When they finished their work (product) they went to the market and sold them. They got money from the shopkeeper for their labour and feel happy.

Q. 8. List the functions performed by men and women who live in your city or village. In what ways are these similar to those performed by people who lived in Mathura? In what ways are they different? 

Ans. Various men and women performed different works in their daily routine.

Mathura was an important city about 2500 years ago and is even today. It was important because the city of Mathura was located at the two major trade and travel routes. The city is known for several shrines. Farmers and herders from adjoining areas provided food items etc, the citizens who live in city.

There will be no, similarity between the life of people living in Mathura city and the life of the people living in Mathura because the villages are situated far away from the city and not connected by any trade route. The one similarity is only that the life of the farmers and herders is almost same everywhere.

People in Mathura does work for the kings and queens but now in a village, people do work to meet their daily expenses. This is the only main difference between their lives.

SOME OTHER IMPORTANT QUESTIONS FOR EXAMINATION

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

Q. 1. When did the use of Iron begin? 

Ans. The use of iron began in the subcontinent around 3000 years ago. 

Q. 2. How was irrigation used?

Ans. New tools and the system of transplantation increased production. Thus, irrigation came to use.

Q. 3. What were the irrigation works used at that time? 

Ans. The irrigation works that were built during this time included canals, wells, tanks and artificial lakes.

Q. 4. Who was regarded as the largest land-owner? 

Ans. The grama bhojaka was the largest land-owner.

Q. 5. Define second urbanization. 

Ans. The change from village or rural life to city or urban life is called urbanization. The pace of urbanization maximized in the post-Mauryan phase. Historians called this as phase as the ‘second urbanization’.

Q. 6. Mention two uses of iron tools. 

Ans. The two uses of iron tools are:

(a) Iron was used for making tools for different crafts. 

(b) With the discovery of iron, there was rapid spread in civilization.

Q. 7. Name the metals which were imported in Barygaza. 

Ans. The metals which were imported in Barygaza are: gold, silver, copper, tin, lead, coral, topaz, wine etc.

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

Q. 1. Name at least three different kinds of people living in most villages in the southern and northern parts of the sub-continent. 

Ans. Three different kinds of people living in most parts of the sub-continent were as follows:

(i) In the southern parts of the county: In the Tamil region, large land-owners were known as Vellalar, ordinary ploughmen were known as Uzhavar and landless labourers, including slaves, were known as kadaisiyar and adimai. 

(ii) In the northern parts of the country: The village headman was known as the grama bhojaka. 

Q. 2. What is a ring well? Write only two uses of this well. 

Ans. In many cities, archaeologists have found rows of pots, or ceramic rings arranged one on top of the other. These are known as ring wells. These seem to have been used as toilets in some cases and as drains and garbage dumps. 

Q. 3. Explain the urban centers of Tamil Nadu.

Ans. Some centers such as Kodumanal in Tamil Nadu were rich in mineral resources. This site developed as an industrial center as semi-precious stones like sapphire and quartz.” 

Q. 4. Mention the importance of arts and crafts found by Archaeologists. 

Ans. Archaeologists have discovered that many cities had ring wells which were probably found by the used as toilets or as drains or pits to dump garbage. Very fine pottery has been high standard of craftsman ship.

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

Q. 1. Discuss about the coins found by the Archaeologists. 

Ans. Archaeologists have found several thousands of coins belonging to this period. The earliest coins which were in use for about 500 years were punch marked coins. They have been given this name because the designs were punched onto the metal, silver and copper.

Q. 2. Why Mathura has been an important settlement for more than 2500 years? Give reasons. 

Ans. Mathura has been an important settlement for more than 25 years. 

This is because: 

(a) It was located at the cross roads of two major routes of travel and trade from the north west to the east and from north to south. 

(b) There were fortifications around the city, and several shrines.

(c) Farmers and herders from adjoining areas provided food for people in the city.

(d) Mathura was also a center where some extremely fine sculpture was produced.

(e) It was also a religious center because there were Buddhist monasteries, Jaina shrines and was an important center for the worship of Krishna.

(f) Many inscriptions on surfaces such as stone slabs and statues have been found in Mathura.

Thus, inscriptions from Mathura mention goldsmiths, blacksmiths, weavers, basket makers, garland makers, perfumes etc. 

Q. 3. Why were the extremely fine pottery known as the Northern Black Polished Ware? Mention about shrenis.

Ans. Extremely fine pottery was known as the Northern Black Polished ware. It gets name from the fact that it is generally found in the northern part of the sub-continent. It is usually black in colour and has a fine shene.

Many crafts persons and merchants now formed associations known as Shrenis. These Shrenis of crafts persons provided training, procured raw material, and distributed the finished product. Then Shrenis of merchants organized the trade. Shrenis also served as banks, where rich men and women deposited money. This was invested and part of the interest was returned or used to support religious institutions such as monasteries.

HIGH ORDER THINKING SKILLS

Q. 1. What is Arikamedu? What is so important about it? 

Ans. Arikamedu was a coastal settlement where ships unloaded goods from distant land It is important because:

(a) A massive brick structure which may have been a warehouse, was found at the site. 

(b) Pottery from the Mediterranean region, such as amphorae Le., tall double-handled jan was found that contained liquids such as wine or oil.

(c) Stamped red-glazed pottery known as Arretine ware was named after a city in Italy. 

(d) There were another kind of pottery like Roman lamps, glass ware and gems have been found at the site.

Q. 2. How did the use of iron technology help in the expansion of agriculture?

Ans. The use of iron technology helped in the expansion of agriculture because:

(a) The iron plough and iron axe helped in clearing larger tracts of forest and which wen used for cultivation. 

(b) This led to an agricultural surplus.

Q. 3. How the literary texts help us to gather a lot of information? 

Ans. The literary texts help us to gather a lot of information about towns and rulers of the period. This we get from. 

(a) Ashtadhyayi, the book of grammar, written by Panini.

(b) The Buddhist texts, primarily the Tripitaka, narrates events relating to the Buddha and records his teachings.

(c) The largest of the three pitakas, Sutta pitaka includes Jataka stories through which one can glimpse the city and village life.

VALUE BASED QUESTIONS

Q. 1. How shrenis protected the interest of the craftsmen? 

Ans. Associations or trade guilds called Shrenis which provided assistance to craftsmen They got raw material from adjoining areas and distributed the finished products. Sometimes shrenis were used as banks where the rich invested their money. Thus, they were organized to protect the interest of the craftsmen.

Q. 2. How did the internal and external trade flourished with the growth of towns and cities?

Ans. The internal and external trade flourished with the growth of towns and cities were as such as: 

(a) Maritime trade flourished between India and other countries. 

(b) The Periplus of the Erythraean sea written by a Greek sailor contains an account of the parts referred by him in India.

(c) The two main ports referred by him are Bharuch on the Gujarat coast and Tamluk in the east.

(d) The Periplus tells us that the imports in the north included brocades, coral, frankincense glass vessels, money and some wine. 

(e) Exports from India included spices, precious stones like turquoise, lapis lazuli and carnelian, Chinese silk and yam.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

Tick (✓) the correct option:

(a) The punch-marked coins were made of:

(i) Copper.

(ii) Steel.

(iii) Bronze.

Ans. (i) Copper.

(b) The use of _________led to greater agricultural production. 

(i) Copper.

(ii) Iron.

(iii) Silver.

Ans. (ii) Iron.

(c) The village headman in the north India was:

(i) Grama bhojaka.

(ii) Grihapatis. 

(iii) Dasar.

Ans. (i) Grama bhojaka. 

lI. WRITE TRUE OR FALSE:

(a) Pandya was a flourishing kingdom.

Ank. True.

(b) Ashtadhyayi is the book of grammar, written by Kautilya. 

Ans. False.

(c) Arikamedu is in Pondicherry.

Ans. True.

Ill. FILL IN THE BLANKS:

(a) Small land-owners were called ________.

Ans. grihapatis.

(b) We came to know about towns and rulers of this period from Panini’s _________.

Ans. Ashtadhyayi.

(c) ________as a highly demanded spiece.

Ans. Pepper.

IV. MATCH THE FOLLOWING:

Ans.