NCERT Class 12 Geography Chapter 26 Use of Computer in Data Processing and Mapping

NCERT Class 12 Geography Chapter 26 Use of Computer in Data Processing and Mapping Solutions to each chapter is provided in the list so that you can easily browse through different chapters NCERT Class 12 Geography Chapter 26 Use of Computer in Data Processing and Mapping and select need one. NCERT Class 12 Geography Chapter 26 Use of Computer in Data Processing and Mapping Question Answers Download PDF. NCERT Geography Class 12 Solutions.

NCERT Class 12 Geography Chapter 26 Use of Computer in Data Processing and Mapping

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Also, you can read the NCERT book online in these sections Solutions by Expert Teachers as per Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) Book guidelines. CBSE Class 12 Geography Solutions are part of All Subject Solutions. Here we have given NCERT Class 12 Geography: Fundamentals of Human Geography, Geography: India People and Economy, Geography: Practical Work in Geography. NCERT Class 12 Geography Chapter 26 Use of Computer in Data Processing and Mapping Notes, NCERT Class 12 Geography Textbook Solutions for All Chapters, You can practice these here.

Use of Computer in Data Processing and Mapping

Chapter: 26

PART – III PRACTICAL WORK IN GEOGRAPHY

Very Short Type Questions Answer

1. What is a computer?

Ans: Computers are used to keep records of various geographical phenomena over a long period of time and make them very accessible. Computers are also used to process complex information and data collected. They also help in many activities through various modern equipment like metal detectors and ground penetrating radars.

2. Name the main parts of a computer.

Ans: (i) Cpu. 

(ii) Output unit.

(iii) Input unit.

(iv) Motherboard.

3. What a computer cannot do for us?

Ans: A computer can only help in solving a problem using a program that has been written. It cannot think and can therefore solve only problems that have been previously experienced. Non verbal communication with the user which is the most expressive communication by humans. Birth to new young ones which is obviously not possible and will not be possible in future. 

4. What are the two components of a computer system?

Ans: Hardware and software.

5. Name the main hardware units of a computer system.

Ans: (i) Computer case (or computer tower).

(ii) Motherboard.

(iii) Central processing unit (CPU).

(iv) Graphics processing unit (GPU).

(v) Power supply unit (PSU).

(vi) Internal disk drive.

(vii) Optical disk drive.

(viii) Memory or RAM (think USB sticks).

6. What is the main function of software?

Ans: A Geographic Information System (GIS Software) is designed to store, retrieve, manage, display, and analyse all types of geographic and spatial data. GIS software lets you produce maps and other graphic displays of geographic information for analysis and presentation.

7. What is Browser software?

Ans: A browser is a software program used to locate and display information on the Internet or an intranet. Browsers are most often used to access Web pages. Most can display graphics, photographs and text, multimedia information.

8. What is Modem in a computer system?

Ans: The name modem means modulator demodulator. A modem connects our computer to a standard phone line or to our cable, which allows us to send data or receive data. A modem is a conversion device that converts signals from one device into signals another device can read.

9. What are ‘GCPs’?

Ans: GCP aims to ensure that the studies are scientifically authentic and that the clinical properties of the investigational product are properly documented. 

10. What is Multimedia in a computer system?

Ans: Multimedia is the use of a computer to present and combine text, graphics, audio, and video with links and tools that let the user navigate, interact, create, and communicate.

Short Type Questions Answer

1. Distinguish between RAM and ROM.

Ans: 

2. Write short notes on:

(i) Visual Display Unit (VDU).

Ans: VDU stands for Visual Display Unit. It is a device that displays text and graphics on a screen. In a computer, the VDU is also known as a monitor. It is used to display the output of the computer’s processing unit, allowing the user to interact with the computer and see the results of their actions.

(ii) Input/Output Devices.

Ans: (A) Input Devices: An input device is a hardware device that takes instructions from the user and passes it to a processing unit, such as a CPU. Input devices can transmit data to other devices by taking it from one device but cannot receive data-for example, the keyboard or the mouse.

Some commonly used input devices are listed below:

(i) Microphone: It takes sound as a form of input and can convert it to a digital or electrical form.

(ii) Joystick: It is usually used to play games. It has a stick that is inclined to angle to control movement in video games.

(B) Output device: Output devices are hardware devices that receive data from the processing unit and other devices and return the result of the data-for example, monitors and speakers. 

Some commonly used output devices are listed below:

(i) Monitor: It is a device through which we see and operate our software. All icons, text, and images are displayed here. We see all the outputs on this screen.

(ii) Printer: It produces hard copies or prints of images, text, or documents on the computer.

(iii) Central Processing Unit (CPU).

Ans: A central processing unit (CPU) is a hardware component that’s the core computational unit in a server. Servers and other smart devices convert data into digital signals and perform mathematical operations on them. The CPU is the primary component that processes the signals and makes computing possible.

The central processing unit (CPU) of a computer is a piece of hardware that carries out the instructions of a computer program. It performs the basic arithmetical, logical, and input/output operations of a computer system.

(iv) Operating System (OS).

Ans: An operating system is the most important software that runs on a computer. It manages the computer’s memory and processes, as well as all of its software and hardware. It also allows you to communicate with the computer without knowing how to speak the computer’s language.

The OS or Operating System is a system software that runs on the hardware and provides services for computer programs.

Long Type Questions Answer

1. Write an essay on ‘Application of Computer in Data Processing and Mapping.

Ans: The maps, irrespective of a graphic medium of communication of geographic information and possessing geometric fidelity, are inherited with the following limitations:

(i) Map information is processed and presented in a particular way.

(ii) A map shows a single or more than one predetermined theme.

(iii) The alteration of the information depicted on the maps requires a new map to be drawn.

Contrarily, a GIS possesses inherent advantages of separate data storage and presentation. It also provides options for viewing and presenting the data in several ways.

The following advantages of a GIS are worth mentioning:

(i)  Users can interrogate displayed spatial features and retrieve associated attribute information for analysis.

(ii) Maps can be drawn by querying or analysing attribute data.

(iii) Spatial operations (polygon overlay or buffering) can be applied on an integrated database to generate new sets of information.

(iv) Different items of attribute data can be associated with one another through shared location code.

2. Give an account of main hardware units of a computer system.

Ans: Computer hardware is a term that refers to all of the tangible and physical components of a computer, meaning that they can be touched and seen. Computer software, conversely, cannot be touched or seen because it is a series of computer-written text and instructions that allow a computer to execute processes and functions.

(i) Output Unit: When we command a computer to perform a task, it reverts for the action performed and gives us a result. This result is called output. There are various output devices connected to the computer. The most basic of which is a monitor. Whatever we write using a keyboard or click using a mouse, is all displayed on the monitor. Thus, the output unit gives us the final result once the entire processing is done within the mechanism of a device.

(ii) CPU: The central processing unit (CPU) is the brain of a computer. It enables the machine to execute functions, processes, and digital instructions through written code and software. Central processing units are mounted to the motherboard. They work with other hardware components connected to the motherboard to allow a computer to run. The clock speed of a CPU is the speed at which it processes information. Clock speed determines the efficiency and performance of the computer overall.

(iii) GPU: A graphics processing unit (GPU) is an extension of the CPU. It enhances the graphical quality of items being displayed on a monitor through reading graphics software (such as drivers) established on the computer. Graphics processing units are chip-based devices and they serve exclusively as the source of graphic rendering if connected to the motherboard via an expansion slot. The CPU may handle some rendering processes if a separate GPU is not present. Graphics processing units can be upgraded to increase the performance of graphical rendering on desktop computers.

(iv) Motherboard: The motherboard is a circuit board used to mount several other essential hardware components, including the CPU and main memory. It is commonly made of plastic. The motherboard is often considered the most important piece of hardware in a computer, because it is made of many parts that power and control the device. Motherboards link hardware units and their functions together to enable computer processes to take place.

(v) Input Unit: A computer will only respond when a command is given to the device. These commands can be given using the input unit or the input devices.

For example: Using a keyboard we can type things on a Notepad and the computer processes the entered data and then displays the output of the same on the screen.

Other Textual Questions & Answers

1. Choose the correct option for the alternatives given below.

(i) What type of graph would you use to represent the following data?

(a) Line.

(b) Multiple bar.

(c) Pie diagram.

(d) None of the above.

Ans: (c) Pie diagram.

(ii) Districts within a state would be represented in which type of spatial data?

(a) Points. 

(b) Lines. 

(c) Polygons. 

(d) None of them.

Ans: (a) Points.

(iii) Which is the operator that is calculated first in a formula given in a cell of a worksheet?

(a) + 

(b) –

(c) / 

(d) x

Ans: (d) x.

(iv) The Function wizard in Excel enables you to.

(a) construct graphs.

(b) carry out mathematical/statistical operations.

(c) Draw maps.

(d) None of the above.

Ans: (a) Construct graphs.

2. Give one word answer:

1. What is meant by a cell in a computer?

Ans: A rectangular area at the intersection of a row and a column is known as a cell.

2. What are the storage devices in a computer?

Ans: Hard disk, floppy, tape, magnets, optical disk, compact disk, cartridge.

3. What name is given to arithmetic in MS Excel?

Ans: Average.

4. By which spatial data will you represent different states on the map of India?

Ans: Polygons.

5. What is the function of a wizard in Excel?

Ans: Construction of graphs.

3. Answer the following questions in 30 words.

(i) What are the functions of different parts of the computer?

Ans: A computer is a fast and versatile machine that can perform simple arithmetic operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication and division and can also solve mathematical formulae. It can be used for data processing, preparation of diagrams, graphs and maps, etc.

(ii) What are the advantages of using computer over manual methods of data processing and representation?

Ans: 1. Computer saves time and improve efficiency in data processing and graphical presentation. Computer is more versatile as it facilitates on screen editing the text copy and moving it from one place to another or even deleting the unwanted text.

2. It can handle a huge volume of the data.

3. It further enables validation, checking and correction.

4. The types of graph or map headings and other formats can be changed easily.

(iii) What is a worksheet?

Ans: MS Excel is also called Spread-sheet. It is the work-sheet. The spread-sheets are located in workbooks or excel files. The Excel worksheet contains 16384 rows and 256 columns.