NCERT Class 12 Geography Chapter 1 Human Geography: Nature and Scope Solutions to each chapter is provided in the list so that you can easily browse through different chapters NCERT Class 12 Geography Chapter 1 Human Geography: Nature and Scope and select need one. NCERT Class 12 Geography Chapter 1 Human Geography: Nature and Scope Question Answers Download PDF. NCERT Geography Class 12 Solutions.
NCERT Class 12 Geography Chapter 1 Human Geography: Nature and Scope
Also, you can read the NCERT book online in these sections Solutions by Expert Teachers as per Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) Book guidelines. CBSE Class 12 Geography Solutions are part of All Subject Solutions. Here we have given NCERT Class 12 Geography: Fundamentals of Human Geography, Geography: India People and Economy, Geography: Practical Work in Geography. NCERT Class 12 Geography Chapter 1 Human Geography: Nature and Scope Notes, NCERT Class 12 Geography Textbook Solutions for All Chapters, You can practice these here.
Human Geography: Nature and Scope
Chapter: 1
PART – I FUNDAMENTALS OF HUMAN GEOGRAPHY
Very Short Type Questions Answer
1. How did Ratzel define human geography?
Ans: Human geography is the synthetic study of the relationship between human societies and Earth’s surface”.
2. Name main branches of human geography.
Ans: (i) – Cultural Geography.
(ii) – Economic Geography.
(ii) – Political Geography.
(iii) – Urban Geography.
(iv) – Historical Geography.
(v) – Population Geography.
(vi) – Environmental Geography.
(vii) – Social Geography.
3. What do you understand by cultural environment?
Ans: A business concept that helps comprehend a group of people’s or society’s norms and collective ideas based on their culture, religion, location, nationality, language, and other elements.
4. Name two broad branches of geography.
Ans: Human geography and physical geography.
5. To which social science would you associate population geography?
Ans: A subfield of the discipline of geography and a subfield of the discipline of demography.
6. Who introduced the idea of Neo determinism?
Ans: Griffith Taylor.
Short Type Questions Answer
1. Write a short note on the nature of human geography.
Ans: Human geography studies the inter-relationship between the physical environment and Socio-cultural environment created by human beings through mutual interaction with each other. The resources provided by the physical environment. While the physical environment has been greatly modified by human beings, it has also, in turn, impacted human lives.
2. Describe the contribution of German geographers for defining human geography.
Ans: Human Geography: Friedrich Ratzel contributed to the field of human geography. Made a systematic study of human geography. Coined the term ‘anthropogeography’ describing it as the major field of geographical study.
Physical Geography: Richthofen, contributed in the studies of landforms and physical geography.
3. Give a short account of regional geography.
Ans: Regional geography is a major branch of geography. It focuses on the interaction of different cultural and natural geo factors in a specific land or landscape, while its counterpart, systematic geography, concentrates on a specific geofactor at the global level.
4. Mention the sub-fields of economic geography.
Ans: (i) Geography of agriculture.
(ii) Geography of industry.
(iii) Internet geography.
(iv) Geography of services.
(v) Geography of transportation and others.
5. Give three examples to prove that technology can be developed after understanding natural laws.
Ans: (i) The understanding of concepts of friction and heat helped us discover fire.
(ii) Understanding of the secrets of DNA and genetics enabled us to conquer many diseases.
(iii) The laws of aerodynamics are used to develop faster planes. Knowledge about nature is extremely important to develop technology.
Long Type Questions Answer
1. Describe the subfields of human geography.
Ans: Human geography is a subfield of geography that focuses on the spatial aspects of human activities and their interactions with the environment.
(i) Cultural Geography: Cultural geography is the study of how the physical environment interacts with ways of life and traditions of people.
(ii) Social Geography: Social geography is an analysis of social phenomena expressed in space. Social geography is a subdiscipline that focuses on everyday life and the way social groups interact with each other and the spaces in which they live.
(iii) Economic Geography: Economic geography includes studying the location of industries, how different transportation networks facilitate trade routes, how communication technologies affect economic development, and the impact of natural resources on economic activities.
(iv) Political Geography: Political geography would be Russian foreign policy for most of its history. Because of its location and geography, Russia lacks any major port that connects to global oceanic trade routes.
(v) Urban Geography: Urban geography is the study of the history and development of cities and towns and the people in them. Geographers and urban planners study urban geography to understand how and why cities change.
(vi) Environmental Geography: Environmental geography is the branch of geography that describes the spatial aspects of interactions between humans and the natural world.
2. What issues were studied under humanism?
Ans: Humanism, especially during the Renaissance period, encompassed a wide range of topics and issues.
Some of the key areas of study under humanism include:
(i) Classical Literature and Languages: The works produced and the critical standards that prevailed in both eras emulated those of the Classical periods in Greek and Latin, although this criterion is not an essential characteristic of a classical literature.
(ii) Philosophy: Philosophy of geography is the subfield of philosophy which deals with epistemological, metaphysical, and axiological issues in geography, with geographic methodology in general, and with more broadly related issues such as the perception and representation of space and place.
(iii) History: Historical geography is the branch of geography that studies the ways in which geographic phenomena have changed over time.
(iv) Art and Architecture: Architecture is a process of creating things of extrinsic value through emotional or aesthetic appeal and Architecture is both the process and product of planning, designing, and construction.
(v) Education: Research done in history education, scholars in geographic education investigate the teaching and learning of domain-specific skills and ways of thinking associated with the discipline of geography.
(vi) Religion: A geographer of religion attempts to understand how religious beliefs and practices affect people of a certain society and region. They might also be able to show how geography can shape the borders of certain religions.
(vii) Politics and Governance: Politics is the art of government, the exercise of control within the society through the making and enforcement of collective decisions.
3. Describe five main segments of human geography.
Ans: Human geography, as a branch of geography, encompasses a diverse array of topics and areas of study.
Here are five main segments of human geography:
(i) Cultural Geography: In broad terms, cultural geography examines the cultural values, practices, discursive and material expressions and artefacts of people, the cultural diversity and plurality of society, and how cultures are distributed over space, how places and identities are produced, how people make sense of places and build senses.
(ii) Economic Geography: Economic geography is a subfield of human geography concerned with describing and explaining the varied places and spaces in which economic activities are carried out and circulate.
(iii) Political Geography: Political geography is the study of how humans have divided up the Earth’s surface for management and control purposes. Looking beyond the patterns on political maps helps us understand the spatial outcomes of political processes and how they are affected by spatial features.
(iv) Urban Geography: Urban geography is the study of the history and development of cities and towns and the people in them. Geographers and urban planners study urban geography to understand how and why cities change. Cities are connected through major patterns of historical, economic, and social connectivity.
(v) Social Geography: Social geography is a subdiscipline that focuses on everyday life and the way social groups interact with each other and the spaces in which they live.
4. What is meant by naturalisation of humans? How is it different from humanisation of nature?
Ans: Human beings were greatly influenced by nature and adapted to dictates of nature. This type of interaction when human society was at a primitive stage of development and hence adapted itself as per the nature, is called naturalisation of humans also known as environmental determinism.
| Naturalisation of humans | Humanisation of nature |
| This refers to early stages of interaction between the natural environment and humans where humans are adapted to dictates of nature. | This refers to the interaction between the forces of nature and humans who begin to understand the forces of nature. |
| It indicates a very low level of technology and social development. | It indicates development of efficient technology and better social and cultural relations. |
| Naturalised humans listen to nature, are afraid of its fury and worship nature. | Humans move from a state of necessity to a state of freedom. |
| Direct dependence of humans on nature. | Resources are obtained from the environment to create more opportunities. |
| The physical environment for naturalised humans becomes mother nature. | Humans make use of nature so that nature gets humanised showing the Imprints of human activities |
5. Elaborate the concept of Neo-determinism as suggested by Griffith Taylor.
Ans: A geographer. Griffith Taylor introduced another concept which reflects a middle path (Madhyam Marg) between the two ideas of environmental determinism and possibilism. He termed it as Neo Determinism or stop and go determinism.Those of you who live in cities and those who have visited a city might have seen that traffic is regulated by lights on the cross roads. Red light means ‘stop, amber light provides a gap between red and green lights to get set’ and green light means ‘go.The concept shows that neither is there a situation of absolute necessity (environmental determinism) nor is there a condition of absolute freedom (possibilities). It means that human beings can conquer nature by obeying it. They have to respond to the red signals and can proceed in their pursuits of development when nature permits the modifications. It means that ponsibilities can be created within the limits which do not damage the environment and there is no free run without accidents. The free run in which the developed economies attempted to take has already resulted in the greenhouse effect, ozone layer depletion, and global warming. Receding glaciers and degrading lands. Neo-determinism conceptually attempts to bring a balance nullifying the ‘ ‘either’ ‘or’ dichotomy.
Other Textual Questions & Answers
1. Choose the right answer from the four alternatives given below:
(i) Which one of the following statements does not describe geography?
(a) An integrative discipline.
(b) Study of the inter-relationship between humans and the environment.
(c) Subjected to dualism.
(d) Not relevant in the present time due to development of technology.
Ans: (d) not relevant in the present time due to development of technology.
(ii) Which one of the following is not a source of geographical information?
(a) Travellers’ accounts.
(b) Old maps.
(c) Samples of rock materials from the moon.
(d) Ancient epics.
Ans: (d) Ancient epics.
(iii) Which one of the following is the most important factor in the interaction between people and environment?
(a) Human intelligence.
(b) People’s perception.
(c) Technology.
(d) Human brotherhood.
Ans: (d) Human brotherhood.
(iv) Which one of the following is not an approach in human geography?
(a) Areal differentiation.
(b) Spatial organisation.
(c) Quantitative revolution.
(d) Exploration and description.
Ans: (a) Areal differentiation.
(v) Which approach to Human Geography was followed in the colonial period?
(a) Areal differentiation.
(b) Spatial organisation.
(c) Behavioural.
(d) Regional.
Ans: (d) Regional.
(vi) Which is not a fact?
(a) Pollution is caused due to industrial development.
(b) Ozone layer is depleted due to primitive agriculture.
(c) Global warming is due to green house effect.
(d) Land has been degraded due to pollution.
Ans: (b) Ozone layer is depleted due to primitive agriculture .
(vii) Which element is not a part of the environment?
(a) Climate.
(b) Relief.
(c) Agriculture.
(d) Water.
Ans: (c) Agriculture.
(viii) Who proposed the concept of Neo Determinism?
(a) Griffith Taylor.
(b) Blache.
(c) Huntington.
(d) Ritter.
Ans: (a) Griffith Taylor.
(ix) Which subject is called Mother discipline?
(a) Geography.
(b) Economics.
(c) History.
(d) Political Science.
Ans: (a) Geography.
2. Answer the following questions in about 30 words:
(i) Define human geography.
Or
Define Human Geography in your own words. Mention any four fields of Human Geography.
Ans: Human geography studies the inter-relationship between the physical environment and socio-cultural environment created by human beings through mutual interaction with each other.
According to Ellen C. Semple, Human Geography is a study of the changing relationship between unresting man and unstable earth.
(ii) Name some subfields of human geography.
Ans: The subfields of human geography are:
(a) Behavioural geography.
(b) Geography of social well-being.
(c) Cultural geography.
(d) Historical geography etc.
(iii) How is human geography related to other social sciences?
Ans: Human geography attempts to explain the relationship between all elements of human life and the space they occur over. In this way human geography assumes a highly interdisciplinary nature. It develops close interface with other sister disciplines in social sciences in order to understand and explain human elements on the surface of the earth.
