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NCERT Class 12 Fine Art Chapter 7 The Modern Indian Art
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The Modern Indian Art
Chapter: 7
| SHORT QUESTION ANSWER |
1. Who is considered a pioneer of Modern Indian Art?
Ans: Amrita Sher-Gil.
2. Which art movement influenced Modern Indian Art in the early 20th century?
Ans: Bengal School of Art.
3. Name one famous Modern Indian Art painter known for abstract art.
Ans: S.H. Raza.
4. What was one of the key themes in Modern Indian Art?
Ans: Exploration of Indian identity and socio-political themes.
5. Which city emerged as a hub for Modern Indian Art during the mid-20th century?
Ans: Mumbai (Bombay).
| EXERCISE |
1. Pata Chitra is a form of audio-visual storytelling still practised in some parts of India. Compare this traditional form of storytelling with modern storytelling or narratives adopted by some Baroda artists since the 1980s.
Ans: Pata Chitra, a traditional art form from India, involves visual storytelling on scrolls, often accompanied by oral narration or music. It emphasises rich narratives derived from mythology, folklore, and daily life, employing vibrant colours and intricate details to convey stories.
In contrast, Baroda artists since the 1980s have embraced modern storytelling through contemporary art practices. These artists often explore diverse themes using various mediums like installations, performance art, and multimedia approaches. Their narratives often reflect contemporary socio-political issues, personal experiences, and global influences, presenting a departure from traditional forms like Pata Chitra.
While Pata Chitra focuses on continuity with cultural heritage and community storytelling traditions, Baroda artists tend to challenge conventions, experimenting with form, content, and audience engagement. Both forms of storytelling, however, share a commitment to storytelling’s power to convey meaning, provoke thought, and engage audiences, albeit through distinct cultural and artistic contexts.
2. How does new technology like video and digital media inspire contemporary artists to experiment with new themes? Comment on different genres of such art forms like video, installation and digital art.
Ans: Liberalisation of the Indian economy in the 1990s, the impact of globalisation came to be felt first in big cities. While on one hand, India made advancement in information technology, it also saw many social and political issues. In such extraordinary times of economic progress and social unrest, artists began to look for ways of reacting to the changing times. Medium-like easel paintings and sculptures that were created by artists, who would earlier proudly sign on them as an expression of their unique creativity, lost importance. Instead, the newly available medium, i.e., video caught their attention. Even photography seemed attractive as it allowed multiple copies to reach numerous people simultaneously. However, the art form that was increasingly seen as contemporary was installation. It provided a way to combine painting, sculpture, photography, video and even television in one space. This medium, which could spread out into a whole hall, could fully grab the attention from all sides. On one wall, you could see a painting, while on another, a video with sculptures hanging from the wall with photographs displayed in glass cases. It offered a new immersive experience, which affected almost all our senses. However, it was more dependent on technology and it is, therefore, not surprising that most of the early installation artists came from big cities Nalini Malani from Mumbai and Vivan Sundaram from Delhi. However, their subject matter was grim and thought provoking rim and thought provoking. Photography, long regarded as the rival of painting because of its easy copy of the world, gave new ideas to the artists. They developed a new technique called ‘photorealism’, which was used by Atul Dodiya in Bapu at Rene Block Gallery, New York. Many younger artists used oil or acrylic to paint in the manner of a photograph or television screen. T. V. Santosh and Shibu Natesan used photorealism to comment on communal violence on one hand and at the same time, gave us a glimpse of the new look that cities had acquired with India’s technological advancements. Photography could also be used to document changes in society as artists saw them. Sheba Chachi, Ravi Agarwal and Atul Bhalla, among others, photographed those, who lived on the margins of our society, whom we do not notice much in our day-to-day life: women ascetics, queer people, and so on. Often, they would express their concern about ecology like pollution of rivers and urban congestion. Photography and video have inspired many contemporary artists.
Contemporary art is constantly changing with artists and curators experimenting with technology and redefining the role of art to better understand the world we are a part of. At the turn of the present century, we find that almost all major cities of the country have art galleries both private and public, and an artists’ community dedicated towards creating art using a wide range of media, including digital paintings. Their experimentations, influences and expressions have been documented through catalogues. Even social media has played a major role in evolving local art. As a student of visual arts one must explore artists’ work in their own cities, as well as, the cities they visit, collect information about their works, visit art galleries and learn about their contribution to our society.
3. What do you understand about ‘public art’? Find out about different communities that live around your residence or school and their understanding of art. If you have to prepare a public monument, how will you design it in a way that people can relate with it?
Ans: Understanding ‘public art’ involves artworks displayed in public spaces, accessible to everyone. It often serves to enrich the environment, provoke thought, or commemorate events. To explore the local community’s perspectives on art, it’s essential to engage with diverse groups living near one’s residence or school. Different communities might perceive art through cultural, historical, or personal lenses, influencing their interpretations and preferences.
If tasked with designing a public monument, creating a design that resonates with people is crucial. Incorporating elements that reflect community values, histories, or aspirations can foster a sense of connection. Using inclusive themes or symbols that represent diverse identities within the community ensures broader relevance and engagement. Moreover, involving community input through consultations or participatory workshops can enrich the design process, making the monument a meaningful reflection of collective identity and shared experiences
4. How do you understand the ‘art world’? What are the different components of the art world and how does it relate with the art market?
Ans: The term “art world” encapsulates a sprawling ecosystem encompassing artists, galleries, museums, critics, collectors, and institutions engaged in the creation, exhibition, critique, and commodification of art. It represents a dynamic interplay of creativity, cultural expression, and economic forces, where diverse artistic practices, from traditional to avant-garde, coalesce and evolve. The art world serves as a nexus of ideas, dialogue, and interpretation, shaping public discourse and reflecting societal values and trends. It spans global networks, fostering cross cultural exchanges and challenging established norms, while also fueling debates about authenticity, value, and the role of art in contemporary life. Understanding the art world entails navigating its complexities artistic, commercial, and intellectual while appreciating its profound impact on culture, identity, and the human experience.
The art world encompasses a diverse array of interconnected components that collectively define the landscape of artistic production, exhibition, critique, and consumption. At its core are artists who create artworks across various mediums and styles, while galleries, museums, and cultural institutions provide platforms for showcasing and preserving these works. Critics and curators play crucial roles in interpreting and contextualising art, influencing public perception and scholarly discourse. Meanwhile, collectors, patrons, and art dealers contribute to the art market by acquiring, promoting, and trading artworks, thereby shaping market trends and values. The art market, a subset of the art world, involves the commercial aspects of buying, selling, and valuing art, where factors such as artist reputation, rarity, and market demand influence prices and investment decisions. This dynamic interaction between artistic creation, institutional support, critical engagement, and economic activity underscores the intricate relationship between the art world and the art market, each influencing and responding to the other’s developments and trends.
