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NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 9 Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production
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Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production
Chapter: 9
BIOLOGY
UNIT – III BIOLOGY AND HUMAN WELFARE
TEXT BOOK QUESTIONS ANSWERS
Q. 1. Explain in brief the role of animal husbandry in human welfare.
Ans: Animal husbandry is agricultural practice of breeding and raising livestock. It deals with care. feeding, breeding of animal livestock such as cattle, pig, sheep, poultry and fish which are useful for humans. Animal breeding is the main part of animal husbandry.
Q. 2. If your family owned a dairy farm, what measures would you undertake to improve the quality and quantity of milk production?
Ans: Dairy farm management is management of animals for milk and its products for human food. It deals to improve milk quality and quantity.
Important aspects of dairy farm management are:
(i) selection of good breeds of dairy animals.
(ii) good housing with proper water supply.
(iii) feeding in proper manner.
(iv) hygiene.
(v) heath care by veterinary doctor.
(vi) Milking, storage and transport of milk.
Q. 3. What is meant by the term ‘breed’? What are the objectives of animal breeding?
Ans: Breed is a group of animals related by descent and similar characters like general appearance, features, size, configuration, etc. Animal breeding aims at increasing the yield and desirable qualities of animals.
Q. 4. Name the methods employed in animal breeding. According to you which one of the methods is best? Why?
Ans: Methods of Animal Breeding are: Inbreeding and Outbreeding. Out breeding is the best method because it helps to overcome inbreeding depression.
Q. 5. What is apiculture? How is it important in our lives?
Ans: Apiculture or Bee-keeping is rearing of honeybees for obtaining honey and beeswax.
Importance of honey bees:
(i) Honey is a food of high nutritive value and used in indigenous systems of medicine.
(ii) Honeybee produces beeswax which is used in preparation of cosmetics and polishes.
(iii) Bees are the pollinators of crops like sunflower, Brassica, apple and pear. This increases the yield and quality of honey and crops.
Q. 6. Discuss the role of fishery in enhancement of food production.
Ans: Pisciculture is production of fishes. Blue revolution is fish production. Freshwater fishes that are eaten include Catla, Rohu and common carp. Marine fishes that are eaten include Hilsa, Sardines, Mackerel and Pomfrets.
Q. 7. Briefly describe various steps involved in plant breeding.
Ans: Various steps involved in plant breeding are following:
(i) Collection of genetic variability.
(ii) Evaluation of germplasm and selection of parents.
(iii) Cross-hybridization between selected parents.
(iv) Selection and testing of superior recombinants.
(v) Testing, release, and commerciali-zation of new cultivars.
Q. 8. Explain what is meant by biofortification.
Ans: Biofortification is breeding crops with higher levels of vitamins, minerals, proteins and healthier fats. It is done to improve food quality and public health.
Q. 9. Which part of the plant is best suited for making virus-free plants and why?
Ans: Apical and axillary meristems of plants are used for making virus-free plants because this region is not infected by the virus in the diseased plants.
Q. 10. What is the major advantage of producing plants micropropagation?
Ans: It helps to produce a large number of plants within very short duration and from small space.
Q. 11. Find out what the various components of the medium used for propagation of explants in vitro are?
Ans: Nutrient medium in plant tissue culture consists of carbon source [sucrose], macro and microelements, vitamins, amino acids and growth regulators like auxins, cytokinins, gibberellins.
Q. 12. Name any five hybrid varieties of crop plants which have been developed in India.
Ans: Five hybrid varieties of crop plants which have been developed in India are:
Wheat: Sonalika and kalian sona.
Rice: Jaya and Ratna.
Cauliflower: Pusa shubhra and Pusa snowball K-1
Cowpea: Pusa komal.
Mustard: Pusa swarnim.
