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NCERT Class 11 Home Science Chapter 5 Fabrics Around Us
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Fabrics Around Us
Chapter – 5
| PART – Ⅰ HUMAN ECOLOGY AND FAMILY SCIENCES |
| Unit – Ⅰ Understanding Oneself: Adolescence |
| Review Questions: |
1. Name five articles of everyday use that are made from different types of fabrics.
Ans: Five articles of everyday use made from different types of fabrics are mentioned below:
(i) Cotton: T-shirts and bed sheets.
(ii) Wool: Sweaters and blankets.
(iii) Silk: Scarves and ties.
(iv) Polyester: Sportswear and backpacks.
(v) Denim: Jeans and jackets.
2. How are textile fibres classified? Briefly discuss their characteristics.
Ans: Textile fibres can be classified on the basis of their origin (natural or man-made or manufactured), general chemical type (cellulosic, protein or synthetic), generic types (animal hair or animal secretion) and common trade name (polyester, as terene or dacron). Further, fibres can be staple, i.e., short length like cotton, or filament, i.e., long length like silk, polyester, etc.
(i) Natural fibres: Natural fibres are fibres that are obtained from plants, animals, and minerals. Examples of natural fibres include cotton, wool, silk, flax, hemp, jute, and ramie. These fibres are used to make a wide range of products, including textiles, paper, and building materials. They are also used in the production of bioplastics and biocomposites. Natural fibres are renewable, biodegradable and are considered as an eco-friendly alternative to synthetic fibres.
(ii) Man-made fibres: Man-made fibers, also known as synthetic fibres are fibres that are artificially created from chemical compounds. These fibres are not naturally occurring and are typically manufactured from petroleum-based products. Examples of synthetic fibres include polyester, nylon, acrylic, and spandex. These fibres are often used to make a wide range of products, including clothing, upholstery, and industrial materials. Synthetic fibres are known for their durability, strength, and resistance to shrinking and wrinkling, which makes them popular for use in clothing and other textiles. They are also less expensive to produce than natural fibres, which makes them more cost-effective for many applications. However, they are not biodegradable and also require a significant amount of energy to produce which makes them environmentally unfriendly.
3. What is a yarn? Explain different methods of yarn processing?
Ans: Yarn can be defined as a continuous strand of textile fibres, filaments or material in a form suitable for knitting, weaving or otherwise intertwining to form a textile fabric.
Different methods of yarn processing are mentioned below:
(i) Cleaning: Natural fibres generally contain extraneous impurity depending upon their source, like seeds or leafy matter in cotton, twigs and suint in wool. These are removed, fibres sorted out and converted into laps (rolled sheets of loose fibres).
(ii) Making into a sliver: Laps are unrolled and subjected to straightening processes which are carding and combing. The process is similar to combing and brushing your hair. Carding disentangles the fibres and lays them straight and parallel to one another. For finer fabrics the laps are subjected to combing after carding. This process removes finer impurities and short fibres as well. The lap then passes through a funnel shaped device which helps to convert it into a sliver. Sliver is a rope like mass of loose fibres, 2-4 cms in diameter.
(iii) Attenuating, drawing out and twisting: Now that the fibres have been converted into a continuous strand, it needs to be made to the size required. This is called attenuation. Several slivers are combined for uniformity. The slivers are gradually drawn out so that they become longer and finer. If a blended yarn is required (e.g., cotswol-cotton and wool) slivers from different fibres are combined at this stage. The resultant sliver is still of the same size as the original sliver.
4. List the processes in fabric production.
Ans: The processes in fabric production are mention below:
(i) Obtaining fibre.
(ii) Preparation of yarn from fibres by spinning.
(iii) When two sets of yarn are involved, yarns are woven on looms to make a fabric. When a single yarn is used, the fabric is prepared by knitting.
5. Mention any three properties of each of the following fibres.
(i) Cotton.
Ans: (a) Absorbent: Highly absorbent, making it comfortable to wear in warm weather.
(b) Durable: Strong and durable, able to withstand frequent washing and wear.
(c) Soft and Breathable: Soft and comfortable against the skin, allowing air to circulate.
(ii) Linen.
Ans: (a) Strong and Durable: Known for its exceptional strength and durability.
(b) Highly Absorbent: Absorbs moisture well, making it ideal for hot and humid climates.
(c) Wrinkle-Resistant: Naturally wrinkle-resistant, though it may wrinkle slightly after washing.
(iii) Wool.
Ans: (a) Warm: Excellent insulating properties, keeping you warm in cold weather.
(b) Durable: Strong and durable, able to withstand wear and tear.
(c) Moisture-Wicking: Absorbs moisture from the body, helping to regulate temperature.
(iv) Silk.
Ans: (a) Luxurious and Soft: Known for its exceptional softness and luxurious feel.
(b) Strong and Durable: Surprisingly strong and durable for a delicate fiber.
(c) Breathable: Allows air to circulate, keeping you cool and comfortable.
(v) Rayon.
Ans: (a) Soft and Comfortable: Soft and comfortable against the skin, similar to cotton.
(b) Absorbent: Absorbs moisture well, making it suitable for clothing.
(c) Dries Quickly: Dries quickly after washing.
(vi) Nylon.
Ans: (a) Strong and Durable: Extremely strong and durable, resistant to abrasion and tearing.
(b) Lightweight: Lightweight and easy to care for.
(c) Elastic: Highly elastic, allowing for a good fit and recovery from stretching.
(vii) Acrylic.
Ans: (a) Warm: Provides good insulation, keeping you warm in cold weather.
(b) Soft and Comfortable: Soft and comfortable against the skin.
(c) Wrinkle-Resistant: Resists wrinkles, making it easy to care for.
