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NCERT Class 11 Home Science Chapter 6 Media and Communication Technology
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Media and Communication Technology
Chapter – 6
| PART – Ⅰ HUMAN ECOLOGY AND FAMILY SCIENCES |
| Unit – Ⅰ Understanding Oneself: Adolescence |
| Review Questions: |
1. What do you understand by the term communication? What are the various modes of verbal and non – verbal communication?
Ans: The word communication stems from the Latin word communis meaning common. It is therefore, not only sharing of ideas, thoughts or imparting knowledge and information, but it also involves understanding the exact meaning of the content in a way that is common to both, the communicator and the receiver. Thus, effective communication is a conscious effort in creating a shared understanding about the intended meaning of the message among people involved in the communication.
Verbal communication: Auditory means or verbal modes like speaking, singing and sometimes even the tone of voice, etc., are of significance in verbal communication.
Non-Verbal Communication: Non-verbal means of communication are gestures, facial expressions, disposition, posture, eye contact, touch, para-language, writing, clothing, hair styles, and even architecture, symbols and sign language such as smoke signals used by some tribal people.
2. Explain the process of communication with the help of an example.
Ans: The process of communication with the help of an example are mentioned below:
(i) Sender:
(a) The person or entity initiating the message.
Example: A teacher.
(ii) Message:
(a) The information, idea, or thought to be communicated.
Example: The teacher explains a mathematical concept.
(iii) Encoding:
(a) The process of converting the message into a form that can be transmitted.
Example: The teacher uses verbal language, gestures, and diagrams to explain the concept.
(iv) Channel:
(a) The medium through which the message is transmitted.
Example: Spoken words, whiteboard, or PowerPoint slides.
(v) Receiver:
(a) The person or entity for whom the message is intended.
Example: The students in the classroom.
(vi) Decoding:
(a) The process by which the receiver interprets the message.
Example: The students listen, observe, and try to understand the teacher’s explanation.
3. “The more the number of senses involved in the communication process, the more effective and sustainable is the communication”. Write your comments with justification.
Ans: The statement, “The more the number of senses involved in the communication process, the more effective and sustainable is the communication,” highlights the importance of engaging multiple senses in the communication process for enhanced effectiveness and sustainability.
This idea is largely accurate, and there are valid justifications for this concept:
(i) Sustainability: Engaging multiple senses can make communication more memorable and enduring. People are more likely to remember and act upon a message when it is tied to sensory experiences. For example, an impactful sensory experience at a team-building workshop can leave a lasting impression and contribute to sustained positive changes in a team’s dynamics.
(ii) Enhanced Comprehension: Engaging multiple senses, such as sight, sound, and touch, can help convey a message more comprehensively. For example, a visual presentation combined with spoken words and tactile materials can cater to different learning styles and cognitive preferences. This can lead to better understanding among diverse audiences.
(iii) Improved Retention: When multiple senses are involved, the brain tends to retain information more effectively. Research in cognitive psychology suggests that people tend to remember information better when it’s presented through a combination of visual, auditory, and kinesthetic (touch) modalities.
4. How does media affect our day-to-day life? Enumerate the different types of media.
Ans: The media and communication have a profound effect on daily life. They shape our opinions, attitudes, and beliefs about the world around us. The media can also influence how we perceive ourselves and others by providing information that reinforces certain stereotypes or exaggerated images of people from different backgrounds. Communication technologies such as social media platforms allow for instant access to news updates and other forms of content that can impact our decisions in real time. Additionally, these technologies provide a platform for individuals to connect with one another which has been shown to reduce feelings of loneliness, depression, anxiety, and stress. Therefore, the effects of mass media and communication are far-reaching; they shape how we view the world around us as well as how we interact with it each day.
The different types of communications are mentioned below:
(i) Intra-personal communication: This refers to communicating with oneself. This is a form of mental process involving observing, analysing, and drawing conclusions meaningful to the individual’s present, past and future behaviour and life. It is an on-going process that transpires inside an individual.
(ii) Inter-personal communication: It refers to sharing of thoughts and ideas with one or more people in a face-to-face situation. It can take place in a formal or an informal situation. Varied means of communication like body movements, facial expressions, gestures, postures, written text and verbal modes such as words and sounds.
(iii) Group Communication: This form of communication is direct and personal, such as inter-personal communication, but with the involvement of more than two persons in the communication process. Group communication helps to facilitate a participatory approach and collective decision-making, gives an opportunity for self-expression, and increases the individual’s impact in a gathering, thereby augmenting one’s status in the group. It also helps in recreation and relaxation, socialising and motivating. A range of audio-visual aids may be used to enhance group communication.
(iv) Mass Communication: As a result of considerable advancement in technology, making thoughts, ideas and innovations reach the larger section of society has become possible. Mass communication can be defined as the process of multiplying messages with the help of any mechanical device and disseminating the same to the masses. The means and media of mass communication are radio, TV, satellite communication, newspapers, and magazines. The audiences of mass communication are very large in size, heterogeneous and anonymous, spread over a large area and separated from the communicator in terms of time and space. For these reasons it is not possible to take correct, complete, direct and immediate feedback; rather there is slow, cumulative, expensive, and delayed feedback.
(v) Intra-organisational Communication: Organisational communication takes place in highly structured settings. Just like human beings, when people work together in an organisation, organisations also establish and maintain relationships. They use various levels of communication within their environment and amongst their departments or sections. Every organisation has different levels or hierarchy of ranks working together for achieving common goals. The information flow in such organisations is expected to be two-way at the same level and one-way across levels.
5. How is the term communication technologies defined? Discuss two important communication technologies that have brought a revolution in the communication arena, giving justification for your answer.
Ans: Communications technology, also known as information technology, refers to all equipment and programs that are used to process and communicate information. Professionals in the communication technology field specialize in the development, installation, and service of these hardware and software systems.The global scenario is passing through a communication revolution and communication technologies are changing very fast. What is new today may be obsolete tomorrow. People want to know everything in a very short span of time. There is information overflow and it is easily available and accessible to all through a wide variety of traditional and modern mediums.
Two important communication technologies have brought a revolution in the communication arena, justification are mentioned below:
(i) Radio: Radio commands a universal audience by geographical spread, income, education, age, sex and religion. Through on-the-spot broadcast or simulated broadcast it can overcome the barriers of time and space. With the use of small size transistors it was made possible to receive communication in the remotest parts of the country.
(ii) Television: TV was introduced in India in 1959 primarily to impact education and promote rural development. TV programmes are planned and produced using various techniques of visual magnification, sound amplification, super-imposition, split screen processes, fading, zooming, etc. These techniques make it more effective and strengthen the impact on the viewer.
